We report first observations of three coral diseases including black band disease on Acropora, a syndrome resembling yellow band disease and red band disease on Porites colonies from depth 5–6 m at Abu-Musa Island  after widespread coral bleaching in the northern part of the Persian Gulf  in October 2012

Hazraty-Kari, Sanaz

Tavakoli-Kolour, Parviz

Journal of Threatened Taxa

English

We report first observations of three coral diseases including black band disease on Acropora, a syndrome resembling yellow band disease and red band disease on Porites colonies from depth 5–6 m at Abu-Musa Island after widespread coral bleaching in the northern part of the Persian Gulf in October 2012

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New records of coral diseases in the Persian Gulf

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New records of coral diseases in the Persian Gulf 
Parviz Tavakoli-Kolour & Sanaz Hazraty-Kari
26 November 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 14 | Pages: 14912–134913
DOI: 10.11609/jott.4226.11.14.14912-134913
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14912
References 
Cervino, J.M., F.L. Thompson, B. Gomez‐Gil, E.A. Lorence, T.J. Goreau, 
R.L. Hayes, K.B. Winiarski‐Cervino, G.W. Smith, K. Hughen & E.
Bartels (2008). The Vibrio core group induces yellow band disease
in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific reef-building corals. Journal of Applied 
Microbiology 105: 1658–1671.
N
o
te
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4266.11.14.14912-134913 
Editor: John E.N. Veron, Coral Reef Research, Townsville, Australia. Date of publication: 26 November 2019 (online & print)
Manuscript details: #4266 | Received 02 May 2018 | Final received 21 November 2019 | Finally accepted 22 November 2019
Citation: Tavakoli-Kolour, P. & S. Hazraty-Kari (2019). New records of coral diseases in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(14): 14912–134913. https://
doi.org/10.11609/jott.4226.11.14.14912-134913
Copyright: © Tavakoli-Kolour & Hazraty-Kari 2019. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribu-
tion of this article in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: Self-funded.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Acknowledgements: Acknowledgements Especial thanks to Drs. J. Kavousi, TJ Goreau, J. Cervino, E. Peters, and H. Rezai for their useful comments.  
New records of coral diseases in the 
Persian Gulf 
         Parviz Tavakoli‐Kolour 1     & Sanaz Hazraty‐Kari 2 
1,2 Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the 
Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. 
1 p.tavakoli@hotmail.com (corresponding author), 
2 s.hazrati@hotmail.com
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2019 | 11(14): 14912–134913
Coral diseases as one of the 
most important stressor degrading 
global coral reefs including those in 
the Persian Gulf where there is little 
information on coral diseases (Riegl 
et al. 2012); however, in recent 
years more known and unidentified 
diseases have been recorded 
especially from the northern 
Persian Gulf including Larak, Qeshm, 
Hengam, and Hormuz Islands (Kavousi et al. 2011, 2013; 
Tavakoli-Kolour et al. 2015).
Here, we report first observations of three coral 
diseases including black band disease (BBD) on Acropora 
(Image 1), a syndrome resembling yellow band disease 
(YBD) and red band disease (RBD) on Porites colonies 
(Images 2–3) from depth 5–6 m at Abu-Musa Island 
(25.897°N, 55.043°E) after widespread coral bleaching 
in the northern part of the Persian Gulf (Kavousi et al. 
2014) in October 2012.  Although BBD (see Riegl et 
al. 2012; only from the southern part of the Gulf) and 
YBD were already recorded from the Persian Gulf, RBD 
(Image 3) is reported from the Persian Gulf for the first 
time. 
The YBD-like syndrome was observed on Porites 
corals (Image 2), however, like YBD which is a disease 
of endosymbiotic algae rather than the host coral 
(Cervino et al. 2008), showing pale (not dead) tissues. 
Microbiological and histological investigation is needed 
to confirm the disease.
The RBD observed on Porites corals like the YBD-
like syndrome was overgrown by algae at dead part of 
colonies (Images 2,3).
Unfortunately, due to banned diving and snorkeling 
activities around the island, ecological assessment of 
the diseases was not possible.   Image 1. Black band disease on Acropora species.
© Parviz Tavakoli‐Kolour
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Coral diseases in the Persian Gulf Tavakoli‐Kolour & Hazraty‐Kari
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2019 | 11(14): 14912–134913 14913
Kavousi, J. & H. Rezai (2011). Coral lesions around some Iranian Islands 
in the Persian Gulf. Galaxea 13: 5–6
Kavousi, J., P. Tavakoli‐Kolour, M. Mohammadizadeh, A. Bahrami 
& A. Barkhordari (2014). Mass coral bleaching in the northern 
Persian Gulf, 2012. Scientia Marina 78(3): 397–404. https://doi.
org/10.3989/scimar.03914.16A
Kavousi, J., P. Tavakoli‐Kolour, A. Barkhordari & A. Bahrami (2013). 
Mass Mortality  of  Porites Corals  on  Northern  Persian  Gulf  Reefs 
due  to Sediment-Microbial Interactions. International Journal 
of Marine Science 3 (38): 306–310. https://doi.org/10.5376/
ijms.2013.03.0038
Tavakoli‐Kolour, P., H. Rezai & J. Kavousi (2015). Outbreak of 
growth anomalies in coral communities of Qeshm Island, Persian 
Gulf. International Aquatic Research 7(2): 151–156. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s40071-015-0100-3
Riegl, B.M., A.W. Bruckner, K. Samimi‐Namin & S.J. Purkis (2012). 
Diseases, harmful algae blooms (HABs) and their effects on gulf 
coral populations and communities, pp. 107–125. In: Riegl, B.M. & 
S.J. Purkis (eds.). Coral Reefs of the Gulf. Springer, 379pp.
Image 3. Red band disease on Porites species.
Threatened Taxa
Image 2. Yellow band disease on Porites species.
© Parviz Tavakoli‐Kolour
© Parviz Tavakoli‐Kolour
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
November 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 14 | Pages: 14787–14926
Date of Publication: 26 November 2019 (Online & Print)
DOI: 10.11609/jott.2019.11.14.14787-14926www.threatenedtaxa.org
The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservation globally by 
publishing peer-reviewed articles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. 
All articles published in JoTT are registered under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
unless otherwise mentioned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of articles 
in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Announcement 
The Sally Walker Conservation Fund -- an appeal for support
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New records of coral diseases in the Persian Gulf

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