Bozhko, Irina A.

Kalashnikov, Mark P.

Khristenko, Yurii F.

Ribalko, E. V.

Sergeev, Victor P.

Voronov, Andrey V.

English

Tomsk State University Repository

ИЗВЕСТИЯ ВЫСШИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЙТ. 57, № 10/3 ФИЗИКА 2014UDC 538.975: 539.234: 539.4.015.1: 629.7.023.[222+26]V.P. SERGEEV*,**, M.P. KALASHNIKOV*, A.V. VORONOV*, I.A. BOZHKO*,**,E.V. RIBALKO*, Yu.F. KHRISTENKO***MAGNETRON DEPOSITION OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS ON THE BASIS OF SI–AL–NON GLASSES OF WINDOWS OF SPACE VEHICLES1Refractory coatings with a high coefficient of elastic recovery and low thermal coefficient of linear expansion onthe basis of Si–Al–N are formed on glass substrate by pulse magnetron deposition method. The structure-phase stateswere investigated by TEM, SEM, X-ray. It was established that there are crystallites of the AlN phase with hcpcrystalline lattice and Si3N4 phase having amorphous structure in the form of layers between grains of the AlN phase.These coatings have high microhardness, modulus of elasticity and elastic recovery ratio.Keywords: protective coatings, space vehicles, structure-phase state, microhardness, craters.IntroductionClashes of spacecraft (SC) with meteoroids of natural origin and space products of anthropogenicpollution are among the major factors causing the damage and destruction of SC [1, 2]. The greatest thevariety optical elements such as windows, solar panels, etc. suffer from strikes particles. High-velocitykick of microparticles, regardless of its origin, causes mechanical and plasma processes when the crater isformed on the surface, a shock wave propagates; the microcracks are generated [3]. This leads to the deg-radation of the optical and mechanical properties of glass windows in the operation of spacecraft. Oneway to solve this problem is deposition of refractory coatings with a high coefficient of elastic recoveryand low thermal coefficient of linear expansion, clear in the visible region of the spectrum [4, 5].Purpose of this work is to improve impact durability of quartz glass under high-velocity (3–5 km/sec) microparticle bombardment of iron used in the ports of the spacecraft, using magnetron sput-tering on them transparent coatings on the basis of Si–Al–N.ExperimentalStudies were carried out on two types of specimens made of quartz glass: with coating on the basisSi–Al–N 10 μm in thickness and without coating. Coating deposition was performed by magnetron reac-tive sputtering composite targets on the vacuum unit UVN-05MI “KVANT” (Scientific-Production En-terprise Tehimplant Ltd., Russia) [6]. Power was supplied from the magnetron pulse bipolar source with afrequency up to 100 kHz and stabilization of power (OOO “Applied Electronics”, Russia).Structural-phase state was investigated by X-ray using a DRON-7 (Scientific-Production Enterprise“Burevestnic”, Russia) in CoKa radiation and TEM JEOL-2100 instrument (Jeol, Japan). The averagegrain size <d> was determined using darkfield images obtained by TEM. Microhardness, modulus ofinelastic buckling and elastic recovery coefficient of coatings and glass substrates was measured usingNanoHardnessTester (CSM Instruments, Switzerland) under a load on the indenter 20 mN (Table 1). Fortesting of experimental samples the special tooling was designed: the object table, which was placed in avacuum chamber at a fixed position relative to the light-gas gun barrel. This table is provided for the si-                                                     1 Work was performed in the scope of basic scientific research of the state academies of sciences for 2013–2020.T a b l e  1Average values of microhardness Hm, modulus of inelastic buckling E*, elastic recovery coefficient kySamples Hm, ГПа Е*, ГПа kуGlass without coatings 9.26±0.58 75.1±3.8 0.48±0.07Glass with coatings Si–Al–N 31.6 ± 3.6 264.7±19.5 0.91±0.12V.P. Sergeev, M.P. Kalashnikov, A.V. Voronov, et al.80multaneous deployment of four original glasses and four glasses with coatings in strictly defined positionsrelative to the light-gas gun barrel.As for the particle for bombardment of experimental samples the microparticles of iron powder wereselected with an average size of (56.3 ± 8.2) μm, with a particle shape close to spherical. Portion of thepowder for each shot was constant (60.0 ± 0.1) mg, shot velocity was 3–5 km/s.3. Results and discussionBy X-ray diffraction and TEM (Fig. 1) it was established that the Si–Al–N coating have  two phasenanostructure consisting of AlN crystallites with hcp lattice and phase Si3N4, being in an amorphous statein the form of layers between the grains of AlN. Using darkfield images obtained by the TEM, the aver-age grain size of AlN phase was determined, which is in the range of 5–12 nm. The microstructure andphase composition of the coatings differ from coatings produced previously on the basis of Si–Al–N [7]due to differences in chemical composition and mode of preparation. Their characteristics are closer tocoatings on the basis of Si–Al–N studied in [8].For silica glass with the Si–Al–N coatings and without it the microhardness Hm was measured,modulus of inelastic buckling E* and was determined. These data are shown in Table 1. It is seen thatmicrohardness of samples with coatings is higher 3.4 times and elastic recovery factor is greater 1.8 timesFig. 1. TEM bright field image and selected area diffraction pattern of coating on thebasis of Si–Al–N (а) its X-ray pattern (b).abI, arb. u.50 nmMagnetron deposition of protective coatings on the basis of Si–Al-N on glasses of windows of space vehicles 81compare with samples without coatings. As for modulus of inelastic buckling, its value for samples withcoating is greater compare with samples without coatings 3.5 times. After the shelling of glasses by the Femicroparticles the silver thin film (conductive layer) was deposited (10–20 nm) on their surface with cra-ters. Then surface morphology of the samples were studied by SEM. Investigations were carried out insecondary electron mode with magnification 100 at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. Each sample seriesof images was photographed and then joint together into a panorama. After joint the area about 100 mm2was chosen on each from the 8 samples and measurements were made of transverse size of craters. Afterthat the results for all samples with coatings were tabulated and treated a single array. These data werecompared with similar data obtained on 4 of the original glass without coating. Fig. 2 shows an imageobtained by SEM, where circles outlined craters appearing after the shelling. It was established that thesurface density of craters of glasses with coatings is significantly lower than for glasses without coatingsat the same test conditions (Fig. 1). Surface density ρ for glasses with coating is 0.39⋅106 м–2 and forglasses without coatings is 1.08⋅106 м–2.Fig. 2. Craters images formed under flux of the iron particles on samples without (a) and with coating (b).ConclusionsIn work it is shown that obtained by pulsed magnetron sputtering of the composite targets the coat-ings on the basis of Si–Al–N have two-phase nanostructure. There are crystallites of the AlN phase withhcp crystalline lattice and Si3N4 phase having amorphous structure in the form of layers between grains ofthe AlN phase. Average grain size of AlN is in the range of 5–12 nm. These coatings have high values ofmicrohardness, modulus of elasticity and elastic recovery ratio. Deposition them to the quartz glass canincrease its impact resistance against the effects of iron microparticles with an average size of about56 μm, moving with velocities of 3–5 km/s. The obtained data has shown that deposition of coating onthe basis of Si–Al–N on quartz glass leads to decrease in surface density of craters 2.7 times at bombard-ment of glass using light gas guns.REFERENCES1. S i l v e r m a n  E . M .  Space //Environmental Effects on Spacecraft: LEO Materials Selection Guide, NASA ContractorReport 4661, Part 1, August 1995. pp.116.2. N o v i k o v  L . S .  // Exposure to particulate matter of natural and artificial origin on the spacecraft. – M., 2009.3. R o m a n c h e n k o  V . P . ,  B r o v k i n  A . G . ,  a n d  L y u l i n  I . B .  // Modeling the influence of factors ofanthropogenic pollution of near space on the structural elements and systems of the spacecraft. – Gidrometeoizdat, 1992.4. P a n i n  V . E . ,  S e r g e e v  V . P ,  R i z a k h a n o v  R . N . ,  S e r g e e v  O . V . ,  P a n i n  S . V .  B a r m i nA . A . ,  G o l i k o v  A . N . ,  P o c h i v a l o v  Y u . I . ,  a n d  P o l y a n s k y  M . N .  // Collection of articles basedon the Second International Conference “Deformation and fracture of materials and nanomaterials”. – M., 2007. – Р. 357.5. S i l i c o n  nitride materials and on its basis / eds. R.A. Andrievskii, Spivak I.I. – M.: Metallurgy, 1984. – P. 136.a bV.P. Sergeev, M.P. Kalashnikov, A.V. Voronov, et al.826. S e r g e e v  V . P . ,  Y a n o v s k y  V . P . ,  P a r a e v  Y u . N . ,  e t  a l .  // Physical Mesomechanics. – 2004. – V. 7.Spec. issue. – Part 2. – P. 333–336.7. S e r g e e v  V . P . ,  F e d o r i s c h e v a  M . V . ,  S u n g a t u l i n  A . R . ,  N i k a l i n  A . J . ,  a n dN e u f e l d  V .  // Proceedings of the TPU. – 2011. – V. 319. – No. 2. – P. 103–108.8. M u s i l  J . ,  Š a š e k  M . ,  Z e m a n  P . ,  Č e r s t v ý  R . ,  H e ř m a n  D . ,  H a n  J . G . ,  a n d  Š a t a v a  V .  //Surface & Coatings Technology. – 2008. – V. 202. – P. 3485–3493.*Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia Article submitted Oktober 1, 2014**National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia***Scientific Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanicsof Tomsk State University, Tomsk, RussiaE-mail: vserg@mail.tomsknet.ru_______________Sergeev Victor, Ph.D., professor, head of the laboratory;Kalashnikov Mark, chief engineer;Voronov Andrey, research associate;Bozhko Irina, Ph.D., senior researcher;Ribalko Evgeniya, graduate student;Khristenko Yurii, Ph.D., professor.

Magnetron deposition of protective coatings on the basis of Si-Al-N on glasses of windows of space vehicles

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Magnetron deposition of protective coatings on the basis of Si-Al-N on glasses of windows of space vehicles

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