Demetrovics, Z

Griffiths, MD

English

Zsolt Demetrovics

Mark D. Griffiths

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Journal of Behavioral Addictions

Behavioral addictions: Past, present and future

Demetrovics, Zsolt

Griffiths, Mark D.

Repository of the Academy's Library

EDITORIALBehavioral addictions: Past, present and futureBehavioral addictions are a specific group of mental and be-havioral disorders. At present, this group of disorders is notpresent in DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association,2000) or ICD-10 (World Health Organization, 1994). How-ever, in spite of this, the Substance-related disorders groupof the DSM-IV has proposed revisions to this that opens upthe possibility for non-substance disorders to be subsumedunder the name Substance Use and Addictive Disorders.This is because one non-chemical addiction (i.e., pathologi-cal gambling) has become part of this group (Holden, 2010).Other disorders currently treated as behavioral addictionselsewhere in the academic literature (e.g., video game addic-tion, sex addiction, exercise addiction) look as though theymay take some time to be included in recognized psychiatricdiagnostic manuals.These excessive disorders that do not typically involvethe ingestion of a psychoactive substance – and are typicallyidentified as behavioral addictions (Griffiths, 1996) – do notform an independent group or belong to the same group aschemical addictions to date. However, there are two pointsin the forthcoming DSM-V where these disorders poten-tially overlap. One is in the section on Obsessive-Compul-sive and Related Disorders, which assembles the disorderspredominantly characterized by risk avoidance and is lo-cated on the compulsive end of the obsessive-compulsivespectrum (Hollander, 1993). Alternatively, the second inter-section, where the disorders that can be identified on the im-pulsive end of the spectrum and which are accordingly char-acterized by risk seeking behavior, is included as Disruptive,Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders in DSM-V.At present, this is the state of contemporary thinkingconcerning behavioral addictions being treated as one groupof disorders. Although the concept of behavioral addictionappears to be on the increase in terms of usage in the litera-ture, as yet (with the exception of pathological gambling),there is not enough empirical evidence to treat these disor-ders as parts of one comprehensive and homogenous group.These disorders (such as pathological gambling behavior,problematic internet use, problematic use of computer andvideo games, problematic online gaming, problematic socialnetworking, pyromania, kleptomania, intermittent explosivedisorder, trichotillomania, onychophagia, skin picking dis-order, compulsive buying, hypersexual disorders, compul-sive hoarding, exercise addiction, obsessive-compulsivedisorder, various types of eating disorder, body dysmorphicdisorder, muscle dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, at-tention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, etc.) comprise ahighly heterogeneous group. Furthermore, although manyof these behaviors share similar characteristics in commonboth with each other, and with substance use disorders(Grant, Potenza, Weinstein & Gorelick, 2010), there are alsosignificant differences. In many of these disorders, there isstill limited scientific and empirical support as to their inclu-sion as a behavioral addiction. Furthermore, there are manydeficiencies in the exploration of their symptomatology, val-idation measures, and – at present – there are very few stud-ies regarding the epidemiology and etiology of these dis-orders.In the past two decades, a few such concepts haveemerged that have helped (or might help) in conceptually in-tegrating these disorders. These may include the alreadymentioned obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders ap-proach of Hollander (1993), or may include different per-spectives, such as the reward deficiency syndrome hypothe-sis (Blum et al., 2000), or the addiction components modelof Griffiths (2005). All of these approaches attempt an inte-grative synthesis and attempt help to deal with these disor-ders within a comprehensive theoretical framework, inde-pendent of the name that is applied to such behaviors.Given these theoretical and empirical studies, ap-proaches and concerns, the main aim of the Journal of Be-havioral Addictions is therefore to provide an interdisciplin-ary forum for the scientific discussion concerning these dis-orders that belong to the overarching concept of behavioraladdictions. On one hand, the journal aims to explore theunique and specific characteristics of these phenomena,while on the other hand it aims to assist the empirical andconceptual analysis of the behavioral addiction debate. Suchstudies will provide insight and clarity regarding the rela-tionship between these many different disorders. A furtherfield of enquiry might include the analysis of the addictivecharacteristics of disorders not traditionally considered asbona fide addictive disorders or the further exploration ofthe relationships between substance-related and non-sub-stance related addictive disorders. Given this wide remit, weare looking forward to receiving manuscripts on these andother issues related to all aspects of behavioral addiction.Zsolt DemetrovicsEditor-in-ChiefMark D. GriffithsEditorial Board memberISSN 2062-5871 © 2012 Akadémiai Kiadó, BudapestJournal of Behavioral Addictions 1(1), pp. 1–2 (2012)DOI: 10.1556/JBA.1.2012.1.0REFERENCESAmerican Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statisti-cal Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text revision). Wash-ington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Blum, K., Braverman, E. R., Holder, J. M., Lubar, J. F., Monastra,V. J., Miller, D., Lubar, J. O., Chen, T. J., Comings, D. E.(2000). Reward deficiency syndrome: A biogenetic model forthe diagnosis and treatment of impulsive, addictive, and com-pulsive behaviors. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 32 Suppl.,i–iv, 1–112.Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A. & Gorelick, D. A.(2010). Introduction to behavioral addictions. Americal Jour-nal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 233–241.Griffiths, M. D. (1996). Behavioural addictions: An issue for ev-erybody? Journal of Workplace Learning, 8(3), 19–25.Griffiths, M. D. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction withina biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use,10(4), 191–197.Holden, C. (2010). Psychiatry. Behavioral addictions debut in pro-posed DSM-V. Science, 327(5968), 935.Hollander, E. (1993). Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders:An overview. Psychiatric Annals, 23, 355–358.World Health Organization (1994). International Statistical Clas-sification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (Tenth Re-vision). Geneva: World Health Organization.2 | Journal of Behavioral Addictions 1(1), pp. 1–2 (2012)Editorial

AKJournals (Akadémiai Kiadó)

Nottingham Trent Institutional Repository (IRep)

A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework.

Behavioural addictions: An issue for everybody?

Introduction to behavioral addictions.

Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: An overview.

Psychiatry. Behavioral addictions debut in proposed DSM-V.

Reward deficiency syndrome: A biogenetic model for the diagnosis and treatment of impulsive, addictive, and compulsive behaviors.

World Health Organization

Behavioral addictions: past, present and future

Behavioral addictions: Past, present and future.

Behavioral addictions: past, present and future

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AKJournals (Akadémiai Kiadó)

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Repository of the Academy's Library