Purpose: This study examined the effects of an active cycling warm-up, with and without the addition of an inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW), on 10-km cycling time-trial performance

A Hajoglou

A Lucia

A McConnell

A Wittekind

AJ Rice

AJ Sargeant

AM Jones

C Ferguson

CD Palmer

CF Cheng

CR Abbiss

D Bishop

D. E. Mills

DE Mills

DG Behm

EZ Hawkes

EZ Ross

G Borg

G. R. Sharpe

H Carter

H Lin

I. R. Gregson

J. T. Gonzalez

M Burnley

M Lomax

M. A. Johnson

MA Johnson

MR Miller

MR Stone

P Yaicharoen

PI Brown

R Tucker

RJ Shephard

S Volianitis

SA Ingham

SH Mandengue

SH Wilson

SJ Bailey

TK Tong

English

Purpose 

This study examined the effects of an active cycling warm-up, with and without the addition of an inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW), on 10-km cycling time-trial performance.

 

Methods 

Ten cyclists ( V ˙ O 2 max   = 65 ± 9 mL kg−1 min−1) performed a habituation 10-km cycling time-trial and three further time-trials preceded by either no warm-up (CONT), a cycling-specific warm-up (CYC) comprising three consecutive 5-min bouts at powers corresponding to 70, 80, and 90 % of the gas exchange threshold, or a cycling-specific warm-up preceded by an IMW (CYC + IMW) comprising two sets of 30 inspiratory efforts against a pressure-threshold load of 40 % maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The cycling warm-up was followed by 2-min rest before the start of the time-trial.

 

Results 

Time-trial performance times during CYC (14.75 ± 0.79 min) and CYC + IMW (14.70 ± 0.75 min) were not different, although both were faster than CONT (14.99 ± 0.90 min) (P < 0.05). Throughout the time-trial, physiological (minute ventilation, breathing pattern, pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate, blood lactate concentration and pH) and perceptual (limb discomfort and dyspnoea) responses were not different between CYC and CYC + IMW. Baseline MIP during CONT and CYC was 151 ± 31 and 156 ± 39 cmH2O, respectively, and was unchanged following the time-trial. MIP increased by 8 % after IMW (152 ± 27 vs. 164 ± 27 cmH2O, P < 0.05) and returned to baseline after the time-trial.

 

Conclusions 

Improvements in 10-km cycling time-trial performance following an active cycling warm-up were not magnified by the addition of an IMW. Therefore, an appropriately designed active whole-body warm-up does adequately prepare the inspiratory muscles for cycling time-trials lasting approximately 15 min

Johnson, Michael A.

Gregson, I.

Mills, Dean

Gonzalez, Javier

Sharpe, Graham

Northumbria University Research Portal

Inspiratory muscle warm-up does not improve cycling time-trial performance

Crossref

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology

Johnson, MA

Gregson, IR

Mills, DE

Gonzalez, JT

Sharpe, GR

Nottingham Trent Institutional Repository (IRep)

Loading of trained inspiratory muscles speeds lactate recovery kinetics. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42:1103-1112

Specific respiratory warm-up improves rowing performance and exertional dyspnea. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33:1189-1193 Volianitis

PURPOSE:This study examined the effects of an active cycling warm-up, with and without the addition of an inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW), on 10-km cycling time-trial performance.METHODS:Ten cyclists (VO₂ = 65 ± 9 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) performed a habituation 10-km cycling time-trial and three further time-trials preceded by either no warm-up (CONT), a cycling-specific warm-up (CYC) comprising three consecutive 5-min bouts at powers corresponding to 70, 80, and 90% of the gas exchange threshold, or a cycling-specific warm-up preceded by an IMW (CYC + IMW) comprising two sets of 30 inspiratory efforts against a pressure-threshold load of 40% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The cycling warm-up was followed by 2-min rest before the start of the time-trial.RESULTS:Time-trial performance times during CYC (14.75 ± 0.79 min) and CYC + IMW (14.70 ± 0.75 min) were not different, although both were faster than CONT (14.99 ± 0.90 min) (P &lt; 0.05). Throughout the time-trial, physiological (minute ventilation, breathing pattern, pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate, blood lactate concentration and pH) and perceptual (limb discomfort and dyspnoea) responses were not different between CYC and CYC + IMW. Baseline MIP during CONT and CYC was 151 ± 31 and 156 ± 39 cmH₂O, respectively, and was unchanged following the time-trial. MIP increased by 8% after IMW (152 ± 27 vs. 164 ± 27 cmH2O, P &lt; 0.05) and returned to baseline after the time-trial.CONCLUSIONS:Improvements in 10-km cycling time-trial performance following an active cycling warm-up were not magnified by the addition of an IMW. Therefore, an appropriately designed active whole-body warm-up does adequately prepare the inspiratory muscles for cycling time-trials lasting approximately 15 min

Johnson, M. A.

Gregson, I. R.

Mills, D. E.

Gonzalez, J. T.

Sharpe, G. R.

Pure

Purpose: This study examined the effects of an active cycling warm-up, with and without the addition of an inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW), on 10-km cycling time-trial performance.



Methods: Ten cyclists (VO2 max = 65 ± 9 mL kg−1 min−1) performed a habituation 10-km cycling time-trial and three further time-trials preceded by either no warm-up (CONT), a cycling-specific warm-up (CYC) comprising three consecutive 5-min bouts at powers corresponding to 70, 80, and 90% of the gas exchange threshold, or a cycling-specific warm-up preceded by an IMW (CYC + IMW) comprising two sets of 30 inspiratory efforts against a pressure-threshold load of 40% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The cycling warm-up was followed by 2-min rest before the start of the time-trial.



Results: Time-trial performance times during CYC (14.75 ± 0.79 min) and CYC + IMW (14.70 ± 0.75 min) were not different, although both were faster than CONT (14.99 ± 0.90 min) (P < 0.05). Throughout the time-trial, physiological (minute ventilation, breathing pattern, pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate, blood lactate concentration and pH) and perceptual (limb discomfort and dyspnoea) responses were not different between CYC and CYC + IMW. Baseline MIP during CONT and CYC was 151 ± 31 and 156 ± 39 cmH2O, respectively, and was unchanged following the time-trial. MIP increased by 8% after IMW (152 ± 27 vs. 164 ± 27 cmH2O, P < 0.05) and returned to baseline after the time-trial.



Conclusions: Improvements in 10-km cycling time-trial performance following an active cycling warm-up were not magnified by the addition of an IMW. Therefore, an appropriately designed active whole-body warm-up does adequately prepare the inspiratory muscles for cycling time-trials lasting approximately 15 min

University of Southern Queensland ePrints

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of an active cycling warm-up, with and without the addition of an inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW), on 10-km cycling time-trial performance

University of Queensland eSpace

https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/files/138014737/Johnson_et_al_2014_Eur_J_Appl_Physiol_.pdf

Inspiratory muscle warm-up does not improve cycling time-trial performance

Abstract

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Northumbria University Research Portal

Crossref

Nottingham Trent Institutional Repository (IRep)

Pure

Pure

University of Southern Queensland ePrints

University of Queensland eSpace