POLYMORPHISM OF ENDOSPERM PROTEINS IN AMPHIDIPLOIDS WITH THE G GENOME OF Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.)

Abstract

During evolution in Triticum the diversity of genes in T. aestivum L. was greatly reduced compared to its ancestors. This tendency restricted further improvement of productivity and quality in common wheat and narrowed the plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wide hybridization resulted in synthetic genotypes that offered opportunities for introduction of new genes for useful traits in breeding. The objects of this study were two amphidiploids with G-genome inherited from tetraploid wheat relative T. timopheevii (2n=28, GGAuAu). Glutenin and gliadin allelic composition of the synthetic wheats H-68/44 and H-69/36 were analysed by SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE electrophoretic methods. New allelic variants in Glu-G1 loci, which are not characteristics for the spectrum of T. aestivum, were identified. In contrast to the high polymorphism of amphidiploids for high-molecular weight proteins, variation in the low-molecular glutenins was much less. More gliadin alleles in synthetic lines were found than in hexaploid wheat, due to the parent polymorphism. The results of this survey showed that synthetics with T. timopheevii genome might serve as an important sources of increased genetic variation for endosperm proteins in common wheat