Abstract. The pedestrian bridge is a facility built to provide comfort and safety for a pedestrian. The pedestrian bridge can also be interpreted as a pedestrian facility to cross busy and full roads, cross highway road, or railroad line so that the flow of circulation people and vehicles can be separated and minimize accidents. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the pedestrian bridge in Semarang has met the standards, at the Ahmad Yani street, the pedestrian bridge there are still many who do not use these facilities. The method used is qualitative research with direct observation methods. As a result, the two pedestrian bridges do not safety and comfort standards, so the level utilization is lower (about 27-37%). Keywords: pedestrian, pedestrian bridge, accessibility, disabled people, stree

Abdillah, Adib

Wibawa, Baju Arie

English

Journal Universitas PGRI Semarang

   International journal of sustainable building, infrastructure and environment  0200103 - 1   Utilization and Accessibility for Pedestrian Bridges  at Ahmad Yani and Sugiyapranata Street, Semarang  Adib Abdillah and Baju Arie Wibawa Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Universitas PGRI Semarang, Jl. Sidodadi Timur 24. Dr. Cipto Semarang, Indonesia   bajuaw@upgris.ac.id Abstract. The pedestrian bridge is a facility built to provide comfort and safety for a pedestrian. The pedestrian bridge can also be interpreted as a pedestrian facility to cross busy and full roads, cross highway road, or railroad line so that the flow of circulation people and vehicles can be separated and minimize accidents. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the pedestrian bridge in Semarang has met the standards, at the Ahmad Yani street, the pedestrian bridge there are still many who do not use these facilities. The method used is qualitative research with direct observation methods. As a result, the two pedestrian bridges do not safety and comfort standards, so the level utilization is lower (about 27-37%).  Keywords: pedestrian, pedestrian bridge, accessibility, disabled people, street  1. Introduction  Pedestrian Bridge is a facility built to provide comfort and safety for people. Pedestrian bridges can also be interpreted as pedestrian facilities for crossing busy and full roads, crossing highways, or railroad lines so that the circulation paths of people and vehicles can be separate and minimize accidents (Reay and Kew, 2007). In several places, this awareness to use facility was ignored by many pedestrians, preferring to cross the road without using a pedestrian bridge, as if the facility was to decorate sections of a city street. There are many factor impact on this problem, like the dimension of the stair, width of pedestrian, handrail, ram, roof, lighting, etc.  Semarang city as a metropolitan city developed of public facilities include pedestrian street, there more pedestrian street will built-in central business district with a meeting to accessibility standard (Wibawa and Saraswati, 2017) and (Wibawa, 2016). To support and to connect between pedestrians, they built several pedestrian bridges to connected. In Semarang city have many pedestrian bridges and faced the problem of the number of utilization. Until now, many citizens don’t want to use the pedestrian bridge for various reasons. This research tries to count the number of usage and analysis of accessibility standards.  This research picks two samples located at the central business district in Tugu Muda (Sugiyapranoro street) and Simpang Lima (Ahmad Yani street). The question of the study: 1. What is the utilization of pedestrian bridges by a citizen? And 2. How is the level of accessibility for “all” (include disabled people)?. The goals of the research are analysis of the utilization of the pedestrian bridge and level of accessibility for disabled people.   2. Methods  The research used is qualitative. It interpreted as problem-solving procedures that investigated by describing the state of the subject or object of study (a person, group, institution) at present based on the facts that appear or as they should. The procedure of the research is to explain, describe, and interpret the results of the study with the arrangement of words and or sentences as a response to an exact problem.   This survey was done in three-time (day, evening, and night) with 1 hour and 45 minutes each time. Descriptive research is research that aims to make a systematic, factual, and accurate description of the facts and characteristics of particular populations or regions. The next analysis did compare the existing conditions to standard accessibility in Indonesian. The leak of utilization number will be analyzed by several indicators released by accessibility indicators (ram, stair, railing,  etc.). Standard of accessibility in Indonesian use of the rules from Permen. PUPR No. 14 / 2017.  3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Concept of Pedestrian Bridge  According to John J. Fruin (1971), in planning facilities for pedestrians, including crossing facilities must pay attention to seven main targets, namely: safety, security, convenience, continuity, comfort, system integration (system coherence), and attractiveness (attractiveness). The seven factors are inter-related and overlapping. Changing one factor will affect changes in other elements.    International journal of sustainable building, infrastructure and environment  0200103 - 2   According to the regulation of accessibility in Indonesian (Permen PUPR No. 14/PRT/ M / 2017 about the technical requirements of the stairs that can be applied and used as a reference for accessibility standards are as follows (Permen PUPR No. 14, 2017): 1. Height of steps (optride / riser) no more than 18 cm and less than 15 cm. 2. Width of steps (antride / tread) of at least 30cm. 3. Steps or stairs using non-slip material on the edges step (step nosing). 4. The stairs equipped with a continuous handrail for safety  5. The maximum number of stairs to landing (bordes) is 12 steps.  6. Every side of a ladder that is not restricted by a wall must be balustraded 7. Baluster consisting of a grid must be made tight enough to avoid the risk of accidents, especially for children.  3.2. The Existence and location  The study conducted along the corridor Jl. Ahmad Yani, Jl. and Jl. Mgr Sugiyopranoto, Semarang city. The reason the author chose this location is that along the corridor, and the road is a commercial zone with a lot of people (Figure 1).   Figure 1. The location of the pedestrian bridge at Sugiyapranoto Street and Ahmad Yani Street     Figure 2. The visual of the pedestrian bridge at Sugiyapranoto Street  and Ahmad Yani Street       International journal of sustainable building, infrastructure and environment  0200103 - 3   3.3. Analysis of Utilization by Citizen  The results of the survey conducted at the same time (afternoon, evening, and night) for a total of 5 hours 15 minutes on both objects indicate that the number of users on Jl. Ahmad Yani is 110 people, while on Jl. Soegiyapranata as many as 182 people.  The results of an analysis of the number of crossing bridge users show that the average percentage of road crossers at Soegiyapranatan street use it is only 31,83%, this means that there are 68,62% of road pedestrians not utilizing the available pedestrian bridges. If it divided into morning, afternoon, and night periods, the morning conditions are the worst were only 27,27% want to use the pedestrian bridge (table 2). The results of an analysis of the number of crossing bridge users show that the average percentage of road crossers at Ahmad Yani street use it is only 32,65%, this means that there are 67,35% of road pedestrians Table 1: Utilization of Pedestrian Bridge  at Ahmad Yani Street  Day    Time Used Unused Total 10:00-10:15 0 3 3 10:15-10:30 2 6 8 10:30-10:45 1 5 6 10:45-11:00 0 3 3 11:00-11:15 3 4 7 11:15-11:30 4 8 12 11:30-11:45 5 11 16 Total 15 40 55 Prosentage 27.27% 72.73% 100 %  Evening    Time Used Unused Total 15:30-15:45 1 0 1 15:45-16:00 3 5 8 16:00-16:15 0 4 4 16:15-16:30 3 2 5 16:30-16:45 2 5 7 16:45-17:00 4 7 11 17:00-17:15 2 5 7 Total 15 28 43 Prosentage 34.89% 65.11% 100%  Nigth    Time Used Unused Total 19:00-19:15 0 2 2 19:15-19:30 0 0 0 19:30-19:45 1 2 3 19:45-20:00 0 3 3 20:00-20:15 2 0 2 20:15-20:30 0 1 1 20:30-20:45 1 0 1 Total 4 8 12 Prosentage 33.33% 66.67% 100% Table 2: Utilization of Pedestrian Bridge  at Soegiyapranata Street Day    Time Used Unused Total 10:00-10:15 3 5 8 10:15-10:30 2 7 9 10:30-10:45 4 8 12 10:45-11:00 1 0 1 11:00-11:15 3 6 9 11:15-11:30 4 9 13 11:30-11:45 7 13 20 Total 24 48 72 Prosentage 33.33% 66.67% 100%  Evening    Time Used Unused Total 15:30-15:45 1 3 4 15:45-16:00 0 2 2 16:00-16:15 3 3 6 16:15-16:30 4 1 5 16:30-16:45 1 5 6 16:45-17:00 3 6 9 17:00-17:15 2 4 6 Total 14 24 38 Prosentage 36.84% 63.16% 100%  Nigth    Time Used Unused Total 19:00-19:15 3 2 5 19:15-19:30 5 7 12 19:30-19:45 2 5 7 19:45-20:00 0 11 11 20:00-20:15 3 8 11 20:15-20:30 3 5 8 20:30-20:45 4 14 18 Total 20 52 72 Prosentage 27.78% 72.22% 100%    International journal of sustainable building, infrastructure and environment  0200103 - 4   not utilizing the available crossing bridges. The night conditions are the worst was only 27,78% want to use the pedestrian bridge (table 3) because of this pedestrian bridge not facilitated by lighting at night. The number undoubtedly of people not used in two objects is very high (above 67%), with the two streets is very wide with very high traffic, this condition is dangerous for them.  3.4. Existing of Pedestrian Bridge  The comparison of the existing conditions can describe in table 3. The high level, optride and antride of the stairs are the same, but the position of bordes, lighting and material uses different.  Table 3. The existing condition of two pedestrian bridge  No. Component Sugiyaprnaoto Street Ahmad Yani Street 1 Optride of stair (high) 20 cm 20 cm 2 Antride of stair (width) 30 cm 30 cm 3 Roof high 250 cm no 4 High of baluster 120 cm 110 cm 5 Bordes 11 optrides 11 optrides 19 optrides 6 optrides 6 High of handrail 150 cm 90 cm 7 Width of pedestrian 150 cm 170 cm 8 High of the pedestrian 560 cm 540 cm 9 Lighting yes no 10 Material construction Steel (IWF) Concrete      The elevation condition can see in Figures 3 and 4.  Figure 3. Elevation of the pedestrian bridge at Ahmad Yani Street Figure 4. Elevation of the pedestrian bridge at Ahmad Yani Street        International journal of sustainable building, infrastructure and environment  0200103 - 5    3.5. Analysis of Accessibility Standard  The existing condition compared to the standard of accessibility (Permen PUPR No. 14 / 2017), the result can describe bellow (table 4 and 5): 1. The high of the stair (optride) in two pedestrian streets is too high. The existing of two optrides are 20 cm, this is too high compared with the standard in range 15 until 18 cm. It is hard stairs to go through and dangerous when going downstairs. 2. The width of the stair (antride) in two pedestrian streets is meet to standard about 30 cm. This dimension is safe enough for users. 3. The use of fences is needed to maintain and ensure safety for users. By standard, it takes a fence of at least 100 cm, the existing in Ahmad Yani street about 110 cm, and in Soegiyapranata street about 130 cm. Both pedestrian bridges fulfill the specified requirements so that both are functionally safe for the user.   Table 5: Utilization of Pedestrian Bridge at Soegiyapranata Street Facilities Existing Dimentionnnn PERMEN PUPR Note Optride of stairs v 20 cm 15-18cm too high Antride of stairs v 30 cm Min 30 cm meet the standards Atap v 250 cm - Exist Balustrade/fence v 130 cm 100 cm meet the standards Bordes 1 v 11 optride 12 optride maks meet the standards Bordes 2 v 11 optride 12 optride maks meet the standards Handrail of stairs v 120 cm Maks 80cm To high Width of Pedestrian v 150 cm Min 180 Not meet the standards  4. The height of the landing pad (bordes) determines user comfort and youthfulness. The standard bordes must provide at a maximum of 12 steps. If the number of stairs is more than 12 and a landing does not provide as a place to rest, it will make the user tired. In Ahmad Yani street have 19 steps before the meet to bordes, so this stair is too heavy for access. On the Soegiyapranata road, the number of steps before the landing borders only 11 levels, so this still provides excellent comfort for users. 5. The hight of the handrail of stairs can increase comfort and safety. The height of a standard stair handrail is 80 cm. On Ahmad Yani street, the elevation is slightly higher than the standard which is 90 cm, but the height on the Soegiyapranata road is too much higher than the standard. This condition makes it difficult for users on the Soegiyapranata road to hold on to the available handrail. 6. Pedestrian width will determine the ease and comfort of users to be able to walk with each other and not intersect. The standard pedestrian width for two directions is at least 180 cm (Goldsmith, 2000). Referring to the existing standard, the width on Jalan Ahmad Yani is a little less full because there is only 170 cm, while on Soegiyapranata street, it is very less because there is only 150 cm. This is lacking make the users having to tilt if they have to cross paths with users in the opposite direction.  4. Conclusion and Recommendation   1. Based on the results of the study, the use of pedestrian bridges on the two objects of research can describe as follows: Table 4: Utilization of Pedestrian Bridge at Ahmad Yani Street Facilities Existing Dimention PERMEN PUPR Note Optride of stairs v 20cm 15-18cm too high Antride of stairs v 30cm Min 30 cm meet the standards Balustrade/fence v 110cm 100 cm meet the standards Bordes 1 v 19 optride 12 optride maks number optride to much Bordes 2 v 6 optride 12 optride maks meet the standards Handrail of stair v 90cm Maks 80cm To high Width of Pedestrian v 170cm Min 180 Tidak memenuhi standar    International journal of sustainable building, infrastructure and environment  0200103 - 6   • Based on research, the level of pedestrian bridge usage is still very small, about 33%, and this means that there are around 67% of users who don't want to use the pedestrian bridge. The number of people who cut directly on the road is hazardous for pedestrians and motorists. • Percentage of road crossers at Soegiyapranatan street use it is only 31,83%, and this means that there are 68,62% of road pedestrians not utilizing the available pedestrian bridges. Percentage of road crossers at Ahmad Yani street use it is only 32,65%, and this means that there are 67,35% of road pedestrians not utilizing the available crossing bridges.  2. Based on the analysis of the level of accessibility based on PUPR Perem standard No. 14/2017 can be described as follows: • The high of the stair (optride) in two pedestrian streets is too high, but the width of the stair (antride) in two pedestrian streets is meet to standard about 30 cm. • The use of fences in both pedestrian bridges fulfills the specified requirements so that both are functionally safe for the user. • Pedestrian bridge in Ahmad Yani street has 19 steps before the meet to bordes, so this stair is too heavy for access, but in Soegiyapranata street, the number of steps before the landing borders only 11 steps, so this still provides excellent comfort for users. • The height of a standard stair handrail on Ahmad Yani Street is slightly higher than the standard, which is 90 cm, but on the Soegiyapranata road is too much higher than the standard. This condition makes it difficult for users on the Soegiyapranata road to hold on to the available handrail. • Referring to the existing standard, the width on Jalan Ahmad Yani is a little less because there is only 170 cm, while on Soegiyapranata street, it is very less because there is only 150 cm. This lacking width condition results in pedestrian users having to tilt if they have to cross paths with users in the opposite direction. References [1] Arikunto, Suharsimi. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta [2] Amelinda, Pinkan., Zulkaidi Denny. (2012). Faktor yang  Mempengaruhi Penggunaan  Jembatan Penyeberangan Orang (JPO) di Kota Bandung. Bandung: ITB [3] Goldsmith, S. (2000) UNIVERSAL DESIGN. Oxford: Architectural Press. [4] John J. Fruin. (1971). Pedestrian Planning and Design. Universitas Michigan: Metropolitan Association and Environmental Planners. [5] O’ Flaherty. (1997). Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering. New York: John Wiley and Sons. [6] Permen PUPR No. 14 (2017) ‘Permen PUPR No 14/PRT/M/2017 tentang PERSYARATAN KEMUDAHAN BANGUNAN GEDUNG’. [7] Reay, D. A., and Kew, P. A. (2007) Urban Street Design Guide, Heat Pipes. doi: 10.1016/b978-075066754-8/50008-7. [8] Wibawa, B. A. (2016) ‘ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN JALUR PEJALAN KAKI BAGI PARA DIFABEL DI KOTA SEMARANG’. [9] Wibawa, B. A. and Saraswati, R. S. (2017) ‘Evaluasi Jalur Pejalan Kaki Di Kota Semarang Menurut Permen Pu 03/Prt/M/2014’, Jurnal Ilmiah Teknosains, 3(2). doi: 10.26877/jitek.v3i2.1885.  

Utilization and Accessibility for Pedestrian Bridges  at Ahmad Yani and Sugiyapranata Street, Semarang

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Utilization and Accessibility for Pedestrian Bridges at Ahmad Yani and Sugiyapranata Street, Semarang

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