We describe a 2 year old girl with cystic fibrosis who presented with pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. She was admitted to pediatric intensive care unit with cough, dyspnea and cyanosis of two day duration. She had experienced attacks of cough, dyspnea and wheezing for one and half years. Sweat chloride test values were 100 and 90 mEq/L. On the third day after admission, she was acutely dyspneic, hypotensive and bradycardic and died although resusitated. In the chest X-ray pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium were revealed. In conclusion, the rare complications pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium should be in mind in cystic fibrosis patients whose general condition deteriorates acutely
