A corticioid basidiomycete Hyphodontia sphaerospora was known from Japan and South America. This species was found in this study as also distributed in Taiwan and Vietnam. Description and illustrations based on the studied collections are provided. The morphological distinction of H. sphaerospora from the most resembled species, H. arguta, is discussed

Wu, Sheng-Hua

Yurchenko, E.O.

Repository of Polessky State University (Репозиторий Полесского государственного университета)

Fung. Sci. 27(1): 9–15, 2012 New records of Hyphodontia sphaerospora  in Taiwan and Vietnam Eugene Yurchenko and Sheng-Hua Wu Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan 404, R.O.C.  (Accepted: December 20, 2011) ABSTRACT A corticioid basidiomycete Hyphodontia sphaerospora was known from Japan and South America. This spe-cies was found in this study as also distributed in Taiwan and Vietnam. Description and illustrations based on the studied collections are provided. The morphological distinction of H. sphaerospora from the most resem-bled species, H. arguta, is discussed. Keywords: Basidiomycota, corticioid fungi, Hyphodontia arguta, H. sphaerospora, taxonomy.                                                          Corresponding author, email: shwu@mail.nmns.edu.tw Introduction Hyphodontia sphaerospora was firstly re-ported from the type locality in Ehime Prefec-ture, Shikoku Island, South Japan (Maekawa, 1993); then it was recorded from northeast Equador, and from Venezuela (Hjortstam and Ryvarden, 2002; Hjortstam et al., 2005). Mi-cromorphology of this species was only illus-trated in the protologue (Maekawa, 1993). Hy-phodontia sphaerospora was described for the first time by Maekawa (1993) as Grandinia ar-guta (Fr.) Jülich var. sphaerospora N. Maek. According to the protologue and other taxo-nomic reports (Hjortstam and Ryvarden, 2002; Hjortstam et al., 2005), it differs from G. arguta var. arguta by having globose and slightly thick-walled spores up to 4.5 μm diam. Moreo-ver, according to fig. 2 and fig. 3 in Maekawa (1993), G. arguta var. sphaerospora differs from var. arguta in different morphology of capitate cystidia, which are narrower, cylindri-cal, and more or less flexuous in the former. In addition, lagenocystidia of var. sphaerospora are often lateral, while those in var. arguta are terminal. After studying Hyphodontia spp. deposited in herbarium of National Museum of Natural Sci-ence, Taiwan, R.O.C. (TNM), we found that H. sphaerospora is also distributed to Taiwan and Vietnam. Description of the species based on two studied specimens is provided in this paper. Morphological descriptions were based on dry basidiomata. Microscopic measurements were carried out on the material mounted in 3% KOH water solution. The sporal wall amyloid or dextrinoid reaction was checked in Melzer’s solution (Mz’s), and cyanophily was examined 10 Fung. Sci. 27(1), 2012 by using Cotton blue-lactophenol solution. Im-ages of hymenial surface were captured by digi-tal camera Nikon Coolpix P6000 via an ocular of Zeiss Stemi SV11 stereomicroscope. Taxonomy Hyphodontia sphaerospora (N. Maek.) Hjort-stam (Figs. 1, 2, 4A, & 4B) Basidioma totally effused, soft-membranaceous. Hymenial surface odontioid. Aculei dark cream, conical-subcylindrical, usu-ally blunt, wart-shaped in young basidiomata, 4–8 per mm, up to 0.35–0.5 mm high, 0.05–0.15(–0.2) mm wide at base, mostly solitary, under lens with fine bristles due to projecting lagenocystidia or almost smooth. The part be-tween aculei paler in color, 0.03–0.1 mm thick, finely porulose-reticulate, slightly cracking. Margin paler, fairly abrupt or diffuse. Hyphal system monomitic, hyphae clamped at all primary septa. Subicular hyphae and hy-phae of aculeal trama loosely arranged, moder-ately branched, straight to slightly flexuous, colorless, thin- to thick-walled, (1.5–)2.7–4(–5.2) μm diam, occasionally with adventitious septa. Subhymenium loose, indistinctly delim-ited from subiculum; subhymenial hyphae moderately branched, colorless, but yellowish in mass, thin-walled, constricted in branch sites up to 1.2–1.4 μm, swollen between branch sites up to 3.3–3.7 μm. Lagenocystidia numerous, with pale yellowish incrustation, occasionally with lateral protuberances, 16.5–28(–30) μm long, 3.5–4.2(–5.2) μm wide in basal part, the upper subulate part about 0.6 μm wide without incrustation. Capitate and subcylindrical cystid-ia or hyphal ends variably abundant, aggregated mostly at aculeal apices, but also occurring be-tween aculei, (13–)17–25(–40) × 3–4.5 μm, with or without intercalary swellings, straight or flexuous, some with adventitious septa; capitate hyphal ends with strongly cyanophilous con-tents. Basidia subcylindrical, 11–14 × 3.8–4 μm, colorless, thin-walled, 4-sterigmate. Basid-iospores globose to broadly ellipsoid, (3.1–) 3.3–4(–4.5) × (2.8–)3–3.7(–4.1) μm, colorless, with ca. 0.3 μm thick walls, Mz’s-negative, slightly cyanophilous, with very small or indis-cernible apiculus. Specimens examined.  Hyphodontia sphaer-ospora. Taiwan. Nantou County, Sunlinksea, 120°47' E, 23°38' N, alt. 1,700 m, on dead cor-ticated twig of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, 1 cm in diam, coll. S.H. Wu, 1.VII.1992, Wu 9207-21 (TNM F24830). Vietnam. Ha Tay Province, Ba Vi National Park, 105°22' E, 21°04' N, alt. 1,200 m, on dead corticated angi-osperm trunk, coll. S.H. Wu and S.Z. Chen, 3.VII.1998, Wu 9807-53 (TNM F9041). Hyphodontia arguta. Taiwan. Nantou Coun-ty, Hsitou, alt. 1,200 m, on branch of Crypto-meria japonica, coll. S.H. Wu, 10.X.1991, Wu 911010-4 (TNM F24822); Sunlinksea, alt. 1,700 m, on branch of C. japonica, coll. S.H. Wu, 1.VII.1992, Wu 9207-17 (TNM F24829), Wu 9207-32 (TNM F24831), Wu 9207-40 (TNM F24724), coll. S.H. Wu, 19.IX.1992, Wu 9209-58 (TNM F24833), Wu 9209-82 (TNM F24835), Wu 9209-85 (TNM F24837); Tungpu, alt. 1,300 m, on branch of angiosperm, coll. S.H. Wu, 8.X.1992, Wu 9210-99 (TNM F24841). Taipei, Yangminshan National Park, alt. 350 m, on dead branch of angiosperm, coll. S.H. Wu and S.Z. Chen, 20.II.2001, Wu 0102-12 (TNM F12781). China. Yunnan, Yiliang County, Shiaotsapa, Houho, on rotten trunk of angiosperm, coll. S.H. Wu and J.Y. Tseng,  Hyphodontia sphaerospora in Taiwan and Vietnam 11 Fig. 1.  Hyphodontia sphaerospora (TNM F9041). A. Basidioma section. B. Aculeus section. C. Subicular hyphae. D. Hy-phae from aculeal trama. E. Subhymenial hyphae and lagenocystidia. F. Hyphal ends from the base of aculei, with la-genocystidia. G. Lagenocystidia. Scale bars for A = 0.5 mm, for B = 0.1 mm, for C–G = 10 μm. 18.IX.1998, Wu 9809-86 (TNM F9180). U.S.A. Ohio, Butler County, on Quercus sp., coll. H.H. Burdsall, Jr., 18.VII.1977 [ex Herb. Center of Forest Mycology Research, HHB 9393; TNM F914 (duplicate)]. Sweden. Öland, Högstrum, on fallen Quercus, coll. Å. Strid, 7.X.1995 [ex Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (S); TNM F4607 (duplicate)].                                    12 Fung. Sci. 27(1), 2012 Fig. 2.  Hyphodontia sphaerospora (TNM F9041). A. Capitate cystidia and hyphal ends at aculeal apex. B (TNM F9041) &F (TNM F24830). Capitate cystidia. C. Basidioles and basidiospores. D. Basidia. E (TNM F9041) & G (TNM F24830). Ba-sidiospores. Scale bars for A = 10 μm, for B–G = 5 μm.                             Distribution.  Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Equador, Venezuela (subtropical to warm-temperate areas of East Asia and northern South America). Remarks.  In contrast with the description for H. sphaerospora (Maekawa, 1993; Hjort-stam and Ryvarden, 2002), collections from Taiwan and Vietnam have denser and shorter aculei, and spores are from globose to broadly-ellipsoid. The Taiwanese collection is probably young, and has wart-like to short-conical aculei, 60–80 μm high and 45–90 μm wide at base. The specimen from Vietnam has conical-subcylindrical aculei, up to 0.5 mm high and up to 0.2 mm wide. After studying specimens of H. arguta from Taiwan, China, Sweden, and U.S.A., we found that this species is distinctly separated from H. sphaerospora. In H. arguta there are numerous wide, moderately thick-walled hyphal ends, constituting aculei tips and resembling tubular cystidia or even skeletal hyphae, often yellow- Hyphodontia sphaerospora in Taiwan and Vietnam 13 Fig. 3.  Hyphodontia arguta (TNM F24822). A. Basidioma section. B. Hyphal ends near aculeus tip. C. Hymenium. D. La-genocystidia from hymenium. E. Lagenocystidium at vegetative hypha. F. Capitate cystidia with exudate. G (TNM F24833)& H (TNM F914). Basidiospores. Scale bars: for A = 0.5 mm, for B–F = 10 μm, for G & H = 5 μm. ish to reddish-yellow in mass (Fig. 3B) and rendering the upper part of aculeus fimbriate (Fig. 4D); hyphae in aculeal trama and subicu-lum are often thick-walled. In H. sphaerospora hyphal ends are fairly slender, thin-walled and colorless; hymenophoral aculei are generally smooth; hyphae are narrower and thin-walled, which gives more soft consistency of the basid-ioma. Besides, lagenocystidia in H. sphaero-spora are smaller, thin-walled, and more abun-dant, than in H. arguta (Figs. 3C, D). Both spe-cies have thin- to slightly thick-walled basidio-                                  14 Fung. Sci. 27(1), 2012 Fig. 4.  Hymenial surfaces. Hyphodontia sphaerospora. A. TNM F24830. B. TNM F9041. Hyphodontia arguta. C. TNMF24831 (irregularly odontioid). D. TNM F24822 (almost hydnoid). E. TNM F24837 (almost hydnoid). Scale bars = 1 mm                       spores, but in H. sphaerospora they are smaller and often globose, whereas in H. arguta sub-globose spores are seldom (Figs. 3G, H). Spores of Taiwanese material of H. arguta were meas-ured as (4.2–)4.8–5.3 × (2.8–)3.4–3.7 μm. Significant morphological variation in hyme-nophore was found in examined collections of H. arguta, from warted to minutely hydnoid, probably due to developmental stage of the ba-sidiomata. However, H. arguta generally has thicker and longer aculei (Fig. 4).  Acknowledgements This study is supported by National Science Council of R.O.C. (Grant No. NSC 98-2621-B-178-002-MY3). The first author is financially supported by the National Science Council of R.O.C. (Grant No. NSC 100-2811-B-178-001). The authors are grateful to Ms. S.Z. Chen (Na-tional Museum of Natural Science), for the help in managing herbarium specimens. References Hjortstam, K. and L. Ryvarden. 2002. Studies in tropical corticioid fungi (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales): Alutaceodontia, Botry-odontia, Hyphodontia s.s. and Kneiffiella. Synop. Fung. 15: 7–17. Hjortstam, K., L. Ryvarden, and T. Iturriaga. 2005. Studies in corticioid fungi from Vene-zuela II (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales). Synop. Fung. 20: 42–78.  Hyphodontia sphaerospora in Taiwan and Vietnam 15 Maekawa, N. 1993. Three new corticiaceous fungi (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) from Japan. Proc. Japan Acad., Ser B 69(5): 119–122.    球孢絲齒菌 (Hyphodontia sphaerospora)  在臺灣及越南的新記錄 Eugene Yurchenko 吳聲華 國立自然科學博物館植物學組，臺中市 404 摘  要 球孢絲齒菌 (Hyphodontia sphaerospora) 是一種過去發現於日本及南美洲的殼菌類。本研究發現這種也產於臺灣及越南。本文並提供球孢絲齒菌的特徵描述及特徵圖。本文並討論球孢絲齒菌與一相似種，銳尖絲齒菌 (H. arguta) 的特徵差別。 關鍵詞：分類學、球孢絲齒菌 (H. sphaerospora)、殼菌、銳尖絲齒菌 (Hyphodontia arguta)、擔子菌門。                                           16 Fung. Sci. 27(1), 2012            

New records of Hyphodontia sphaerospora in Taiwan and Vietnam

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New records of Hyphodontia sphaerospora in Taiwan and Vietnam

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