In narratology, focalization is defined as the angle via which things are seen in the
narrative world; also it is accounted as an element present in all narrative genres. As
an independent discipline, focalization starts with Gerard Genette, and it undergoes
various modifications from classical narratology to post-classical narratology. In fact,
there are two basic domains for the discussions of focalization: 1. Genette's theory, 2.
Post-Genettean approaches. Accordingly, this article aims at introducing focalization
and the related notions to it, plus reviewing Genette's and post-Genettean approaches,
in addition to making a background on focalization in the modernist view
