Liquid biopsy has recently become a very popular, noninvasive sampling procedure. The mainadvantage of this method is the possibility of easy cell-free nucleic acids isolation from differentfluids, primarily blood, and their use in diagnostic or screening processes. The other advantage isthe possibility to follow up on patients’ treatments. Liquid biopsies are applicable in the diagnosis ofoncological, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases and in the use of noninvasive prenatal testing(NIPT). Gene expression studies on gDNA, mtDNA, miRNA, and lncRNA can provide valuableinformation to researchers and clinicians. Currently, it is very popular to obtain exosomes from liquidbiopsies and use them in similar studies. Understanding their role in different pathological conditionscould provide us with valuable information on cell–cell-tissue communication. The identification ofnew extra- and intra-cellular signaling of nucleic acid molecules and pathways could help in thediagnosis and treatment of patients. Cell-free DNAs are widely used in the prenatal detection ofgenetic diseases. Recently oncological diseases have been a focus of research and the newest area tobe researched is cardiovascular disease.L
