One area of research in beef cattle feeding that is receiving major emphasis at this station is the comparative value of dry and high-moisture grain under various conditions of use and the benefits of processing in comparison to feeding as whole grain. Previous research has involved levels of roughage and moisture content of the roughage (hay or haylage). In this experiment, dry or high-moisture corn grain was fed whole and rolled with a limited feed of corn silage with urea or soybean meal furnishing the supplemental protein

Burkhardt, J. D.

Embry, L. B.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedingsand Research Reports, 1971 Animal Science Reports1971Dry and High-Moisture Corn Fed Whole orRolled With Corn Silage in Cattle Growing-Finishing DietsJ. D. BurkhardtSouth Dakota State UniversityL. B. EmbryFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_cattlefeed_1971Part of the Animal Sciences CommonsThis Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports,1971 by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationBurkhardt, J. D. and Embry, L. B., "Dry and High-Moisture Corn Fed Whole or Rolled With Corn Silage in Cattle Growing-FinishingDiets" (1971). South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971. Paper 7.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_cattlefeed_1971/7South Dakota S tate University Brookings , South Dakota Depar tment of Animal Science Agricultural Experiment S tation A . S .  Series 71-21 Dry and High-Mois ture Corn Fed Whole or Rolled With Corn Silage in Cattle Growing-Finishing Diets J .  D. Burkhard t and L .  B .  Embry One area o f  research in beef cattle feeding that is rece1v1ng maj or emphasis at this s tation is the comparative value of dry and high-mois ture grain under various conditions of use and the benefi ts of processing in comparison to feeding as whole grain . Previous research has involved levels of roughage and mois ture content of  the roughage (hay or haylage) . In this experiment , dry or high-mois ture corn grain was fed whole and rolled with a limited feed of corn silage with urea or soybean meal furnishing the supple­mental protein . Procedures One hundred twenty-eigh t Hereford s teers initially were used in the experiment.  Dietary treatments were dry or  high-mois ture corn fed whole or rolled with a limited feed of corn silage . Each of the four grain treatments was fed with urea or soy­b ean meal as the supplemental protein using two levels of protein during the firs t 4 weeks of the experiment . The design resulted in four pens of  cattle fed each grain treatment . There was no evidence of any interactions between the grain and protein supplement treatments . Therefore , results from the protein supplements are reported s eparately (A. S .  Series 71-20) . The level of corn s ilage ( 71. 2% mois ture s tored in a concrete stave silo) was set at 20 lb . per head daily for the first 147 days . At this time , the original supply of silage was depleted and the s ilo was refilled with corn silage that had been stored in a pile without packing or cover . It had undergone extensive heat damage f rom fermentation and was rather dry ( 37. 7% mois ture) . The level of this silage was reduced to 10 lb . per head daily for the remainder of the experiment .  The level o f  the drier s ilage resulted in nearly the s ame dry matter of corn silage intake as from the 20 lb . fed the firs t 147 days . The dry corn contained an average of 14.1% moisture . The high-mois ture corn was from the same source wi th water added , resulting in an average mois ture content of 25 . 7%.  The high-mois ture corn was s tored in  an oxygen-limiting silo by means of an auger wi th water being added at several points as i t  was elevated into the s tructure . Rolling of both dry and high-mois ture corn was jus t  prior to feeding . A roller mill having corrugated rollers 10 inches in diameter with about 10 corrugations per inch was used to roll the grains . The dry grain was rolled to a medium degree of fineness while the high-mois ture grain was rolled to produce a flattened kernel wi th a minimum amount of fine material . A 64% protein supplement with urea as the maj or supplemental protein and a 32% protein soybean meal supplement were fed at 1 and 2 lb . per head daily to furnish equal amounts of supplemental protein in the diets . Diethylstilbes trol , chlortetracycline and vitamin A were added to furnish 10 mg . ,  70 mg., and 20,000 Prepared for the Fifteenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day , October 1, 1971. 22 - 2 -I .U. per head daily , respectively , in the protein supplements. Dicalcium phosphate and trace mineral salt were offered free choice .  The experiment was terminated after 2 30 days . Carcass data were ob tained and livers and rumens were examined for abnormalities . Results Average daily gains f or all the cattle fed dry or high-mois ture corn were the s ame ( 2 .70 lb ) .  When the dry corn was rolled , rate of gain was 0 .10 lb . less ( 3 .6%)  than for steers fed whole corn. Feed consump tion was als o s lightly less for s teers  fed the rolled dry corn resulting in similar feed efficiency b etween the whole and rolled dry grain. Rolling of the high-mois ture corn did not change the rate of gain in c om­paris on t o  the whole grain. However ,  slightly less air-dry matter was c onsumed with the rolled corn diet , resulting in a small reduction in feed requirements ( 2 .8%) as measured by forced-draft oven mois ture determinations . Previ ous research at this s tation Ras shown only small differences between dry and high-mois ture corn and the effect of rolling corn grain when fed wi th l ow levels of roughage ( 10% or les s )  as hay or haylage . Results of this experiment with the limited amounts of corn silage (ab out 36% air-dry matter) als o indicate essentially no difference between dry and high-mois ture corn or any appreciable advantage f or rolling . An U.S .D.A. b eef grader placed the carcass grades on the animals af ter ab out an 18-hour chill . There appeared to  be no consis tent effect on carcass grade between treatments imp osed in this experiment . Dressing percentage also  did not vary b etween treatments .  Upon slaughter the rumens were examined for  abnormali ties . Animals receiving high-mois ture grains tended t o  have darker rumen walls . Cattle fed r olled c o rn  als o appeared t o  have less free fluid in the rumen than did the cattle receiving whole corn .  While the observations are very subjective , they give s ome indicati on of the changes brought ab out by the diets . Incidence of abs cessed livers was qui te low in this experiment. Diets con­tained about 36% corn silage , air-dry basis , and aure omycin was fed at 70 mg. per head daily . Under these conditions there were only eigh t  abs cessed livers ,  or about 6%.  S ix of thes e  were from cattle receiving rolled corn . Mois ture content o f  the grain did no t appear to influence the incidence of abs cessed livers. Summary Res ults of this experiment showed only small differences between dry ( 14 .1% mois ture) or high-mois ture corn ( 2 5 .7%) when fed with a limi ted amount of c o rn  s ilage (ab out 36% o f  the diet air-dry matter) . Feed consump tion and rate of gain were s ligh tly lower when the dry corn was rolled , but feed efficiency was ab out the same as for the whole corn. Steers fed high-mois ture rolled corn gained at the same rate as those fed wh ole corn . Feed consumption was reduced but feed requirements were sligh tly l ower (2 . 8%) in comparison to  high-moisture whole corn as determined by oven-dry mois ture. 2 3  - 3 -Carcass characteris tics measured did not appear to be affected by mois ture content of the grain or by preparation of the grain. More abscessed l ivers were observed in cattle fed rolled grain. However , total incidence was low , amounting to about 6%.  Table 1. Dry and High-Moisture Corn Fed Whole or Rolled With Corn Silage ( January 7, 1971-Augus t 25 , 1971 - 230 Days ) Number of animals Init. shrunk wt., lb . Final shrunk wt., lb . Avg. daily gain , lb . Avg . daily feed , lb . (air-dry) Corn s ilage Corn grain Supplement Total Feed/100 lb . gain , lb . (air-dry) Corn s ilage Corn grain Supplement Total Dress ing percent Carcass gradec Kidney fat , % Abscessed livers Dry corn Whole Rolled 3ob 32 508 506 1141 1116 2 .75 2 .6 5  8.26 8 .2 1  13.18 12.50 1.48 1.48 22.92 22.19 300 3 10 478 472 53  5 6  8 3 1  838 6 3 .8 6 3 .  7 20 .2 20 .5 2 .9 2 .7 2 3 High-mois ture corna Whole Rolled 32 32 508 504 1129 1126 2 .70 2 .70 8.22  8 .23 12 .4 1  11.83 1.48 1.48  22.11 21.54 305 304 460 437 54 55  819 796 6 3  .9 6 4 .1 20 . 4  20. 2 2 .8 2 .7 0 3 a S tored in Harves tore, A. 0 .  Smith Harves tore Products , Inc. b Two s teers died from pneumonia. c Good = 17; Choice = 20 . Graded to one-third of a grade. 2 4  

Dry and High-Moisture Corn Fed Whole or Rolled With Corn Silage in Cattle Growing-Finishing Diets

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Dry and High-Moisture Corn Fed Whole or Rolled With Corn Silage in Cattle Growing-Finishing Diets

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