A new species from Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo (Malaysia), Colletes kinabalu Kuhlmann, new species, is described and illustrated.  This is the first record of a species of Colletes from Southeast Asia and its biogeographical implications are discussed

Kuhlmann, Michael

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Journal of MelittologyBee Biology, Ecology, Evolution, & Systematics The latest buzz in bee biologyNo. 28, pp. 1–6 5 February 2014Copyright © M. Kuhlmann. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0).ISSN 2325-4467Colletes kinabalu n. sp., first record of the genus for the Malay Archipelago and Southeast Asia (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Colletidae)Michael Kuhlmann1Abstract.  A new species from Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo (Malaysia), Colletes kinabalu Kuhlmann, new species, is described and illustrated.  This is the first record of a species of Colletes from South-east Asia and its biogeographical implications are discussed.1 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom (m.kuhlmann@nhm.ac.uk).INTRODUCTIONThe bee genus Colletes Latreille (1802) is characterized by the outwardly arcuate posterior part of the second recurrent vein, the bilobate glossa, and by the base of the propodeum that has a short subhorizontal to vertical basal zone, usually limited poste-riorly by a carina or sharp change in slope or sculpture, and divided by a longitudinal carina (Michener, 1989, 2007).  Colletes currently includes about 500 described species with an estimated total of more than 700 species worldwide (Kuhlmann, unpubl. data) from all continents except Antarctica, Australia, and Madagascar (Michener, 2007). About 220 species have been described from the Palearctic region (Kuhlmann, unpubl. data) with their center of diversity in Central Asia (Kuhlmann, 2005, 2006).For the Oriental zoogeographical region Colletes was first recorded in 2003 while previously it was only known from its western and northern margins that form a broad transitional zone with the Palearctic region (Kuhlmann, 2003).  At present only six spe-cies of Colletes are known from the entire region but none of them from Southeast Asia and the Malay Archipelago (Noskiewicz, 1936; Kuhlmann, 2003, 2010; Dubitzky & Kuhlmann, 2004): Colletes brumalis Noskiewicz (southern China), C. dudgeonii Bing-ham (western and northern India), C. gandhi Kuhlmann (southern India), C. indicus Kuhlmann (southern India), C. taiwanensis Dubitzky & Kuhlmann (Taiwan), and C. Journal of Melittology2 No. 28westghats Kuhlmann (western India).  Thus, the record of a species of Colletes from Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, came as a surprise, raising questions about the origin of the species and its closest relatives.Mount Kinabalu (4095 m) is the highest mountain between the Himalayas and New Guinea, and known for the isolated occurrence of species of Himalayan or north temperate origin (Holloway 1970, 1996).  Because of its biogeographical significance and the morphological distinctiveness the species of Colletes is described here based on the single known male.MATERIAL AND METHODSA single male specimen of the new species was available for study and is housed in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA (ANSP).  Terminology for the description of species is based on Michener (2007) for general morphology.  Puncture density is expressed as the relationship between puncture diameter (d) and the space between them (i), such as i = 1.5d or i < d.  The following abbreviations were used for morphological structures: T—metasomal tergum, S—metasomal sternum.  Body length was measured from the vertex to the apex of the body.  The definition of species groups in Colletes follows Kuhlmann et al. (2009).SYSTEMATICSGenus Colletes Latreille, 1802Colletes kinabalu Kuhlmann, new speciesZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1B9062-F611-4877-9EB8-E053E34265C4(Figs. 1–2)Diagnosis: Colletes kinabalu belongs to the widespread Palearctic C. cunicularius species-group that comprises C. cunicularius (Linnaeus), C. armeniacus (Friese), and C. caskanus (Strand).  The males of this group are characterized by their large body size (> 1 cm), malar area at least half as long as width of mandibular base, broad facial fovea, metasomal terga densely covered with light brown long erect hairs, lack of white api-cal tergal hair bands, and trilobate S7.  Colletes kinabalu differs from the other species of the group by its smaller size, the dark brown to blackish pilosity on the dorsal side of the body (Fig. 1a) (yellowish to reddish-brown in the other species), apical sternal hair fringes generally short and slightly longer medially (Fig. 2e) (much longer in the other species), the unusually long gonostylus (Fig. 2a), and the characteristic shape of S7 (Fig. 2c–d) [for shape of S7 in related species see Noskiewicz (1936) and Stephen (1954)].  The female of C. kinabalu is unknown.Description: ♂: Body length 11.0 mm.  Head slightly wider than long (width:length 1.04).  Integument black except part of mandible, clypeus, and malar area partly dark reddish-brown.  Face except clypeus densely covered with long, dark brown, erect hairs.  Lower face laterally densely covered with short whitish-grey hairs (Fig. 1b–c). Malar area medially about 1.2 times as long as width of mandible base, finely punc-tured (Fig. 1c).  Facial fovea broad, about twice as broad as width of antenna.  Antenna black, ventrally dark reddish-brown.  Mesosoma integument black.  Mesoscutal disc between punctures smooth and shiny; disc densely punctate (i = 0.5d).  Mesoscutellum densely punctate but anteriorly less so, surface smooth and shiny (Fig. 1d); mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metanotum, Kuhlmann: Colletes from Malaya and Southeast Asia2014 3mesepisternum, and propodeum covered with long, erect dark brown to blackish hairs (Fig. 1a, d).  Wings distinctly yellowish-brown; wing venation brown (Fig. 1a).  Legs with integument black to dark reddish-brown.  Vestiture dark brown.  Hind basitarsus as in figure 2f.Metasoma integument blackish to dark reddish-brown, depressed apical tergal margins reddish to yellowish translucent (Fig. 1e–f).  T1 sparsely covered with long, erect dark brown to blackish hairs (Fig. 1f); remaining terga covered with short, erect Figure 1.  Colletes kinabalu, new species, male.  a. Lateral habitus.  b. Face.  c. Head lateral view.  d. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum.  e. Metasoma (dorsal view).  f. Metasomal terga 1 and 2.  Scale bars = 1 mm.Journal of Melittology4 No. 28blackish hairs; T1 apico-laterally with narrow and thin hair band.  Apical tergal de-pressions broad and deeply depressed, on T1 medially about three times as wide as laterally (Fig. 1f).  T1 with dense and relatively coarse, irregular punctation (i = 0.5d), between punctures smooth and shiny, on following terga puncture of disc successively smaller (Fig. 1e–f).  T7 broadly rounded, without emargination or spines.  Sterna with dense apical hair bands, medially broadened (Fig. 2e).  Genitalia and S7 as illustrated (Figs. 2a–d).Figure 2.  Colletes kinabalu, new species, male.  a. Gonostylus.  b. Penis valves.  c. Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view).  d. Metasomal sternum 7 (ventral view).  e. Metasoma (ventral view). f. Hind basitarsus.  Scale bars = 1 mm.Kuhlmann: Colletes from Malaya and Southeast Asia2014 5♀: Unknown.Holotype:  ♂, “Kinabalu, BrNo [British North] Borneo” (ANSP).Distribution:  Only known from Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.Etymology:  The species is named after Mt. Kinabalu (noun in apposition), the only known locality where it has been found so far.DISCUSSIONThe discovery of a species of Colletes on Mt. Kinabalu is surprising and raises ques-tions about the origin of the species.  The closest relative of C. kinabalu is C. cunicularius, which has a transpalearctic distribution occurring from southern Scandinavia, Great Britain, and the northern Mediterranean region in the west to northern Mongolia, Chi-na, and the Far East of Russia in the east (Kuhlmann & Dorn, 2002; Kuhlmann & Pro-shchalykin, 2011).  The populations of this species nearest to Mt. Kinabalu are about 4500 km away in the vicinity of Vladivostok (Russia) and Harbin (China).  The nearest records of the other two related species, C. armeniacus (Asia Minor, Central Asia, Iran) and C. caskanus (Balkans, Asia Minor to Iran), are even further away indicating that C. kinabalu might be an isolated ancient taxon of this species-group and a relict of a more widespread distribution in the past.  This is supported by the fact that bees of the C. cunicularius-group seem to belong to a relatively old clade of Holarctic distribution (Kuhlmann et al., 2009) including three North American species of the C. inaequalis-group (C. inaequalis Say, C. thoracicus Smith, C. validus Cresson) as the closest relatives of the Palearctic taxa (Stephen, 1954) and the endemic and morphologically isolated C. latipes Friese from the Ethiopian highlands (Kuhlmann & Pauly, 2013).Unfortunately, there is no information available about the elevation, exact collec-tion locality, nor the date or the collector of this specimen, making an interpretation of the record difficult.  Given that “BrNoBorneo” (= British North Borneo, today’s Sabah and Labuan in Malaysia) is mentioned as the collecting area, the specimen must be old as the Crown Colony of British North Borneo only existed from 1946 to 1963 before it became part of modern Malaysia.  Presumably the specimen was collected along the South Ridge Route that is the oldest, easiest and most popular way up to the summit of Mt. Kinabalu (New, 1996).  Generally, bees of the genus Colletes prefer open vegetation types with sparsely vegetated soil for nesting.  The habitat requirements in combina-tion with the climate conditions preferred by the relatives of C. kinabalu suggest that it might have been collected in the upper montane zone (2000–2800 m) (Kitayama, 1992) that is known to have a high proportion of butterflies and moths of Himalayan or north temperate derivation (Holloway, 1970, 1996).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am grateful to John Ascher, Singapore, who made me aware of the single individual of Colletes collected on Borneo; to Jason Weintraub, Department of Entomology, Academy of Natu-ral Sciences of Philadelphia, for sending the specimen for study; and to Gavin Broad, Natural History Museum, London, for checking the language.  The constructive comments of Claus Rasmussen and an anonymous reviewer helped to improve the quality of the manuscript.REFERENCESCockerell, T.D.A. 1905. Some American Hymenoptera. Entomological News 16(1): 9–11.Dubitzky, A., & M. Kuhlmann. 2004. First record of the bee genus Colletes for Taiwan with de-Journal of Melittology6 No. 28scription of a new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Colletidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 51(2): 271–278.Holloway, J.D. 1970. The biogeographical analysis of a transect sample of the moth fauna of Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, using numerical methods. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2(4): 259–286. Holloway, J.D. 1996. Butterflies and moths. In: Wong, K.M., & A. Phillips (Eds.), Kinabalu, Sum-mit of Borneo: 291–313. The Sabah Society in association with Sabah Parks; Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; xvii+544 pp.Kitayama, K. 1992. An altitudinal transect study of the vegetation on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Vegetatio 102(2): 149–171.Kuhlmann, M. 2003. Die Bienengattung Colletes Latr. in Indien mit Erstnachweis für die orien-talische Faunenregion (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Colletinae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 35(2): 889–899.Kuhlmann, M. 2005. Faunistik und Zoogeographie der Bienengattung Colletes Latreille 1802 (Hy-menoptera: Apidae: Colletinae) in Mittelasien. Linzer biologische Beiträge 37(2): 1353–1396.Kuhlmann, M. 2006. Zur Biogeographie der Seidenbienen (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Colletes Latr.) im Bienen-Diversitätszentrum Mittelasiens. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie 15: 89–92.Kuhlmann, M. 2010. Taxonomic notes on some Palaearctic Colletes bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 42(1): 749–755.Kuhlmann, M., & M. Dorn. 2002. Die Bienengattung Colletes Latreille 1802 in der Mongolei sowie Beschreibungen neuer Arten aus Sibirien und den Gebirgen Zentralasiens (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Colletinae). Beiträge zur Entomologie 52(1): 85–109.Kuhlmann, M., & A. Pauly. 2013. The bee genus Colletes Latreille 1802 in Ethiopia (Hymenop-tera: Apoidea: Colletidae). Zootaxa 3693(2): 267–292.Kuhlmann, M., & M.Y. Proshchalykin. 2011. Bees of the genus Colletes Latreille 1802 of the Asian part of Russia, with keys to species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea: Colletidae). Zootaxa 3068: 1–48.Kuhlmann, M., E.A.B. Almeida, N. Laurenne, & D.L.J. Quicke. 2009. Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the bee genus Colletes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apiformes: Colletidae), based on mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S sequence data. Insect Systematics and Evolution 40(3): 291–318.Latreille, P.A. 1802. Histoire naturelle des fourmis, et recueil de mémoires et d’observations sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. Barrois; Paris, France; xvi+445pp.,+pls. i–xii.Michener, C.D. 1979. Biogeography of the bees. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66(2): 277–347.Michener, C.D. 1989. Classification of American Colletinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 53(11): 622–703.Michener, C.D. 2007. The Bees of the World [2nd Edition]. Johns Hopkins University Press; Balti-more, MD; xvi+[i]+953 pp., +20 pls.New, R. 1996. Climbing Mount Kinabalu. In: Wong, K.M., & A. Phillips (Eds.), Kinabalu, Summit of Borneo: 69–91. The Sabah Society in association with Sabah Parks; Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; xvii+544 pp.Noskiewicz, J. 1936. Die paläarktischen Colletes-Arten. Prace Naukowe Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego we Lwowie 3: 1–531.Stephen, W.P. 1954. A revision of the bee genus Colletes in America north of Mexico (Hymenop-tera, Colletidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 36(6): 149–527.ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FA0965D8-AE4D-4D01-A52A-1C9C7746EE62The Journal of Melittology is an international, open access journal that seeks to rapidly disseminate the results of research conducted on bees (Apoidea: Anthophila) in their broadest sense.  Our mission is to promote the understanding and conservation of wild and managed bees and to facilitate communication and collaboration among researchers and the public worldwide.  The Journal covers all aspects of bee research including but not limited to: anatomy, behavioral ecology, biodiversity, biogeography, chemical ecology, comparative morphology, conservation, cultural aspects, cytogenetics, ecology, ethnobiology, history, identification (keys), invasion ecology, management, melittopalynology, molecular ecology, neurobiology, occurrence data, paleontology, parasitism, phenology, phylogeny, physiology, pollination biology, sociobiology, systematics, and taxonomy.The Journal of Melittology was established at the University of Kansas through the efforts of Michael S. Engel, Victor H. Gonzalez, Ismael A. Hinojosa-Díaz, and Charles D. Michener in 2013 and each article is published as its own number, with issues appearing online as soon as they are ready.  Papers are composed using Microsoft Word® and Adobe InDesign® in Lawrence, Kansas, USA.A Journal of Bee Biology, Ecology, Evolution, & Systematicshttp://journals.ku.edu/melittologyISSN 2325-4467Journal of Melittology is registered in ZooBank (www.zoobank.org), archived at the University of Kansas and in Portico (www.portico.org), and printed on demand by Southwestern Okla-homa State University Press.Editor-in-ChiefMichael S. EngelUniversity of KansasVictor H. GonzalezSouthwestern Oklahoma State UniversityAssistant EditorsCharles D. MichenerUniversity of Kansas

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Colletes kinabalu n. sp., first record of the genus for the Malay Archipelago and southeast Asia (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Colletidae)

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Colletes kinabalu n. sp., first record of the genus for the Malay Archipelago and southeast Asia (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Colletidae)

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