The third workshop on Theory-Informed User Modeling for Tailoring and Personalizing Interfaces (HUMANIZE) 1 took place in conjunction with the 24th annual meeting of the intelligent user interfaces (IUI) 2 community in Los Angeles, CA, USA on March 20, 2019. The goal of the workshop was to attract researchers from different fields by accepting contributions on the intersection of practical data mining methods and theoretical knowledge for personalization. A total of six papers were accepted for this edition of the workshop.

Ferwerda, Bruce

Germanakos, Panagiotis

Graus, Mark P.

Tkalčič, Marko

English

Repository of University of Primorska

A Summary of the Third Workshop on Theory-Informed UserModeling for Tailoring and Personalizing InterfacesMark P. Graus∗School of Business and EconomicsMaastricht UniversityMaastricht, the Netherlandsmp.graus@maastrichtuniversity.nlBruce FerwerdaDepartment of Computer Science and InformaticsJönköping UniversityJönköping, Swedenbruce.ferwerda@ju.seMarko TkalčičFaculty of Computer ScienceFree University of Bozen-BolzanoBozen-Bolzano, Italymarko.tkalcic@unibz.itPanagiotis Germanakos†UX ICD, Product Engineering, Intelligent Enterprise GroupSAP SEWalldorf, Germanypanagiotis.germanakos@sap.comABSTRACTThe thirdworkshop on Theory-InformedUserModeling for Tailoringand Personalizing Interfaces (HUMANIZE)1 took place in conjunc-tion with the 24th annual meeting of the intelligent user interfaces(IUI)2 community in Los Angeles, CA, USA on March 20, 2019. Thegoal of the workshop was to attract researchers from different fieldsby accepting contributions on the intersection of practical data min-ing methods and theoretical knowledge for personalization. A totalof six papers were accepted for this edition of the workshop.CCS CONCEPTS• Information systems → Data mining; • Human-centeredcomputing→ HCI theory, concepts and models; Interaction designprocess and methods.KEYWORDSUser modeling; personalization; tailoring; user interfacesACM Reference Format:Mark P. Graus, Bruce Ferwerda, Marko Tkalčič, and Panagiotis Germanakos.2019. A Summary of the Third Workshop on Theory-Informed User Model-ing for Tailoring and Personalizing Interfaces. In Joint Proceedings of theACM IUI 2019 Workshops, Los Angeles, USA, March 20, 2019 , 2 pages.1 INTRODUCTIONWhen designing interfaces practitioners often rely on knowledgeand experience about the interface’s intended users and their needsin order to provide the optimal interface for its users. When cre-ating user interfaces that can be personalized, a more data-drivenapproach is mostly taken, where practitioners rely on methods thatuse implicit or explicit feedback to prescribe how to alter interfaces.∗Also affiliated with the BISS Institute, Heerlen, the Netherlands†Also affiliated with the Dep. of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, Cyprus1http://humanize-workshop.org/2http://iui.acm.org/2019/IUI Workshops’19, March 20, 2019, Los Angeles, USACopyright © 2019 for the individual papers by the papers’ authors. Copying permittedfor private and academic purposes. This volume is published and copyrighted by itseditors.The current workshop aims at soliciting work that investigatesthe potential of combining themore data-driven datamining/machinelearning methods with a more theory-driven user-centered ap-proach. Incorporating more knowledge and theory when applyingpersonalization in systems can lead to increased performance ofthese systems. For example, taking a user’s cognitive style intoaccount when personalizing an online tool for comparing and pur-chasing mobile phone contracts, can increase the purchase intentof these systems [2].Three main aspects play an important role in taking a moretheory-driven approach to personalization:(1) How to consider the users of a system in terms of user charac-teristics and individual differences on these characteristics?(2) How to infer these user characteristics and individual differ-ences from interaction data?(3) How to use these individual differences to personalize interfacesor other aspects of systems?A first challenge for addressing those research dimensions re-lates to the characteristics that play a role in what users need orwant from a system. Knowing how users differ from each otherallows us to better alter the interface. These characteristics canthen be used to construct a user model capturing this information.Examples of characteristics that may play a role in how to design anoptimal interface are cognitive style, personality, and susceptibilityto persuasive strategies.A second challenge is that of profiling users in terms of thesecharacteristic based on how they interact with the system. Severalapproaches exist for this more computational challenge, for examplemining data from social media and clickstream analysis.A third challenge is knowing how to use knowledge about anindividual user in terms of these characteristics to adapt an interfaceto match this user. When a user’s characteristics are known, theinterface can be altered to best cater to the user. For example byreducing the number of search results for users with a lower needfor cognition, or by increasing the diversity of the results for userswith a broad taste.These challenges are interconnected and there is no natural orderin which these aspects need to be addressed when personalizing anIUI Workshops’19, March 20, 2019, Los Angeles, USA Graus et al.interface. For example, by analyzing behavior data we can identifypotential individual characteristics that play a role in people’s needs.The HUMANIZE workshop provides scholars and practitionersin the field of personalized user interfaces and interactions witha venue to discuss and explore the commonalities between thesub-problems involved with user interface personalization. An non-exhaustive list of topics for this workshop:• Identifying models that are (expected to be) useful for personaliz-ing user interfaces (e.g., personality, level of domain knowledge,need for cognition, cognitive styles)• Data mining methods to infer user profiles in terms of cogni-tive/psychological user characteristics from data (e.g., how toinfer personality from social media or domain knowledge fromclickstreams)• Theory on how to tailor interfaces to better match certain userprofiles (e.g., altering the number of search results, ordering ofinterface elements, visual versus textual representations)• User studies investigating one or more of the above mentioned2 CONTRIBUTIONSA total of six papers was accepted for the third edition of the HU-MANIZE workshop. Papers were categorized into one of threetopics: 1) mobility, 2) social, and 3) learning. Below is a short de-scription of the topics and the accepted papers:2.1 MobilityTwo papers aim to leverage psychological knowledge to influencemobility. In their position paper Ferwerda and Lee [1] propose anapp that incorporates psychological concepts such as the need forrelatedness, to combat the negative effects of physical inactivity.Mohan, Klenk, and Bellotti [6] conducted qualitative research tounderstand what factors play a role in what mode of transporta-tion people use. The findings of these interviews have been usedto design a survey which was distributed and completed by 235respondents. The survey responses are analyzed and the resultsshow how different factors of the respondents’ geographical situ-ation, personal situation and personality influences the modes oftransportation they use.2.2 SocialTwo papers investigate social aspects. Khosla et al. [3] investigatedhate speech on Twitter in the context of football matches. They col-lected and processed data to identify hate speech and subsequentlyused this data to see how offline events influence the volume of hatespeech, how Twitter users that engage in hate speech differ from thegeneral Twitter users and the linguistic properties of hate speech.Xu and Lee [7] propose a research direction towards understandingwhy current social shopping systems have limited effect on thesocial ties, by investigating how people engage in social shopping,their challenges and goals and privacy and risk perceptions.2.3 LearningPersonalization could be a means to improve the effectiveness andefficiency in learning systems. Two papers investigate incorporat-ing psychological knowledge to do so. Kiunsi and Ferwerda [4]propose a serious game to teach user-centered design. While theproposed game itself is already functional, extensions are presentedin the form of adaptations to the game that allow players to trainthemselves to better function in their role. Lee et al. [5] provide anoverview of different approaches to learning systems used by Eng-lish Language Learners. They propose virtual reality (VR) can easethe process of learning a language and acclimating to the culture.In addition, adapting the VR based on the (inferred) personality ofthe learner may make the learning more efficient.3 FORMAT AND CONCLUSIONThe workshop focuses on bringing together researchers and profes-sionals working in the field of Web Adaptation and Personalization,User Modeling, Human Factors, User Experience, and ArtificialIntelligence, to exchange and share their experiences, new ideasand research results about key aspects (theory, applications andtools) of bridging the gap between computational intelligence andhuman intelligence. In this edition, we had the honor to host thekeynote speech from Dr. Ben Steichen, California State PolytechnicUniversity, with title: “So you’ve modeled your user, now what? –Adaptation Techniques for Tailoring and Personalizing Interfaces.”Ben talked about a variety of highly sophisticated techniques basedon both theoretical and statistical models have been developed withincreased accuracy, as well as breadth of user aspects. On the otherhand, he argued that this strong focus on modeling typically leavesless time and resources for the actual use of these models for thetailoring and personalization of the actual interfaces. In conclu-sion, Steichen presented some of the typical techniques that havebeen used to adapt to users, as well as proposed the use of noveltechniques to make best use of the developed models.With HUMANIZE 2019 we hope to have organized another edi-tion in a series of workshops that will address the current challengesand research directions related to human-centred designs and de-velopments, letting the users having always the “final word” intheir interactions with intelligent processes and applications.REFERENCES[1] Bruce Ferwerda and Michael Lee. 2019. Tamagotchi++: A Serious, PersonalizedGame to Encourage Healthy Behavior. In Companion Proceedings of the 24thInternational conference on Intelligent User Interfaces: 3rd Workshop on Theory-Informed User Modeling for Tailoring and Personalizing Interfaces (HUMANIZE).[2] J. R. Hauser, G. L. Urban, G. Liberali, and M. Braun. 2009. Website Morphing.Marketing Science 28, 2 (mar 2009), 202–223.[3] Sopan Khosla, Siddhant Arora, Abhilash Nandy, Ankita Saxena, and AnandhaveluN. 2019. Understanding Community Rivalry on SocialMedia: A Case Study of TwoFootballing Giants. In Companion Proceedings of the 24th International conferenceon Intelligent User Interfaces: 3rd Workshop on Theory-Informed User Modeling forTailoring and Personalizing Interfaces (HUMANIZE).[4] Domina Kiunsi and Bruce Ferwerda. 2019. Using a Serious Game to Teach User-Centered Design. In Companion Proceedings of the 24th International conferenceon Intelligent User Interfaces: 3rd Workshop on Theory-Informed User Modeling forTailoring and Personalizing Interfaces (HUMANIZE).[5] Michael Lee, Eric Nersesian, Adam Spryszynski, and Ulysee Thompson. 2019.Personalizing VR Educational Tools for English Language Learners. In CompanionProceedings of the 24th International conference on Intelligent User Interfaces:3rd Workshop on Theory-Informed User Modeling for Tailoring and PersonalizingInterfaces (HUMANIZE).[6] Shiwali Mohan, Matthew Klenk, and Victoria Bellotti. 2019. Exploring Howto Personalize Travel Mode Recommendations For Urban Transportation. InCompanion Proceedings of the 24th International conference on Intelligent UserInterfaces: 3rd Workshop on Theory-Informed User Modeling for Tailoring andPersonalizing Interfaces (HUMANIZE).[7] Yu Xu andMichael Lee. 2019. Personalizing User Interactions in a Social ShoppingContext and Open Challenges. In Companion Proceedings of the 24th Internationalconference on Intelligent User Interfaces: 3rd Workshop on Theory-Informed UserModeling for Tailoring and Personalizing Interfaces (HUMANIZE).

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