Koren, Toni

Repository of University of Primorska

ANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 22 · 2012 · 2 177Short scientific article UDK 595.78:591.9(497.571)Received: 2012-10-19ON THE OCCURRENCE OF CHARAXES JASIUS (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) IN ISTRIA, CROATIAToni KORENUniversity of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Institute for Biodiversity Studies, SI-6310 Izola, Giordana Bruna 6, SloveniaE-mail: koren.toni1@gmail.comABSTRACTThe two-tailed Pasha, Charaxes jasius, is one of the largest and most impressive butterfly species in Europe. In Croatia it inhabits the Mediterranean coastal areas, from Rijeka south towards Dalmatia, and many Adriatic islan-ds. Until now, its occurrence in the most northwesterly part of the Croatian shore, the Istrian peninsula, remained questionable. Three new records, from Palud, Premantura and Kalavojna, confirm its presence on the peninsula and expand its known range in Croatia. There are no suitable larval habitats north of the Mirna valley, and there-fore the valley likely represents the northern distribution border for this species in Croatia. A map representing all published records from Croatia is provided.Key words: Charaxes jasius, Arbutus unedo, Istra, distributionPRESENZA DI CHARAXES JASIUS (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) IN ISTRIA, CROAZIASINTESILa Ninfa del corbezzolo, Charaxes jasius, è una delle farfalle più belle ed impressionanti in Europa. In Croazia la specie vive nelle aree costiere del Mediterraneo, da Fiume verso la Dalmazia, e su molte isole adriatiche. Fino ad oggi la sua presenza nelle aree più a nord-ovest della costa croata, ossia nella penisola istriana, era incerta. Tre nuove segnalazioni provenienti da Palù (Palud), Promontore (Premantura) e Calavogna (Kalavojna) confermano la sua presenza nella penisola ed espandono la conoscenza dell’area di distribuzione della specie in Croazia. A nord della valle del fiume Quieto (Mirna) non ci sono più habitat adatti alle larve. Gli autori ipotizzano quindi che la valle rappresenti il confine più settentrionale della distribuzione della specie in Croazia. Nell’articolo è riportata anche la mappatura di tutte le segnalazioni della specie in territorio croato. Parole chiave: Charaxes jasius, Arbutus unedo, Istria, distribuzioneANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 22 · 2012 · 2 178Toni KOREN: ON THE OCCURRENCE OF CHARAXES JASIUS (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) IN ISTRIA, CROATIA, 177–182INTRODUCTIONThe Istrian peninsula, with a surface area of 348 square kilometers, is the largest and northern-most pe-ninsula in the Adriatic Sea. It is now divided among three countries: Croatia, Slovenia and Italy (Mihelj, 2006). The largest part lies in the territory of Croatia, and is dealt with in this paper. By geologic and geomorphic struc-ture the peninsula can be divided in three distinct regi-ons; White Istria, Grey Istria and Red Istria. White Istria includes the north/northeastern part of the peninsula (http://www.istrapedia.hr). It is a typical karstic area with scarce Mediterranean vegetation and karstic surfaces. Grey Istria, which stretches across the central part of the peninsula, got its name from its composition of flysch, consisting of impermeable marl, sandstone and clay. The western shore of the peninsula, Red Istria, contains li-mestone traces covered with red earth. About a third of the peninsula is covered with woods. Along the coast and on the islands, pinewoods, maquis and garrigue are the main vegetation types, interspersed with holm oak (Quercus ilex) and strawberry trees (Arbutus unedo) (http://www.istrapedia.hr).Butterflies inhabiting the Croatian part of Istria have never been systematically surveyed, and only limited data exist. The best-surveyed areas are probably Učka (Rebel, 1910, 1912a, 1913a), Pazin and Vela Traba (Koren & Ladavac, 2010), Rovinj (Daniel, 1971) and Brioni (Re-bel, 1912b, 1913b). For other areas, only a limited number of records exists (Stauder, 1922; Whirington, 1984). With only a modest body of published research, it is likely that various butterfly species will be newly recorded on the peninsula.The two-tailed Pasha, Charaxes jasius (Linnaeus, 1767), is one of the largest and most colorful members of Nymphalidae family in Europe. This charismatic spe-cies flies in two broads, from April until October (Tol-man & Lewington, 2008). Its habitat consists mostly of mixed scrubland, mostly maquis, which contains its larva host plant, A. unedo. The adults are attracted to fermen-ting fruit, so they can also be easily found around fig or apple trees. The species is distributed mainly in the coastal Mediterranean region, which includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, France and Italy, and se-parately, from Dalmatia to Greece and Turkey (Tolman & Lewington, 2008).The aim of this paper is to presents first records of this species in Istria, as well as to give an overview of the distribution of the two-tailed Pasha in Croatia.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe distribution of the species in Croatia was deri-ved from available literature, of which 32 publications contain data on the presence of this species in Croatia (Germar, 1814–1817; Mann, 1869; Werner, 1895; Galva-gni, 1902, 1909, 1921, 1935; Abafy-Aigner, 1910; Stauder, 1913, 1922; Puschnig, 1914/1915; Muller, 1921; Schawerda, 1921, 1927; Hafner, 1930; Neustetter, 1956; Moucha, 1965; Habeler, 1976, 2008; Withrington, 1984; Waring & Tho-mas, 1989; Reinhardt, 1990; Jakšić, 1993; Luy, 1994, 2002; Krištović, 2007; Saga, 2007; Boljat & Šuljić, 2008; Wi-thrington & Verovnik, 2008; Lorković, 2009; Kučinić et al., 2011; Verovnik, 2011). Additionally, surveys of this spe-cies across the Istrian peninsula were conducted bet-ween 2008 and 2012, during several general surveys of butterfly fauna.C. jasius was observed in these localities:1.  Palud, 1 km SE, forest edge and maquis, near the sea, 45.020577 N, 13.715416 E, 14.7.2008, 1M & 1F.2.  Pula, Premantura, Istria, edge of maquis, 44.801692 N, 13.919322 E, 15.7.2009, 1M.3.  Kalavojna, 2 km S of Rakalj, Istria, bushy area, near the forest edge, 44.963310 N, 14.053678 E, 19.7.2009, 2M. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONC. jasius was first noted in Croatia by Germar (1814–1817), who recorded its presence on two islands, Brač and Hvar. Subsequently, it has been recorded on many islands (e.g. Withrington & Verovnik, 2008; Kučinić et al., 2011; Verovnik, 2011) as well as across large parts of the Croatian coast, including the Kvarner region and Dal-matia (e.g. Stauder, 1922; Habeler, 1976).As this species is highly dependent on its larva host plant, A. unedo, the plant’s distribution in Croatia, according to Nikolić (2012), is also presented on the C. jasius distribution map. The plant’s distribution in Istria fits entirely within the known range of C. jasius on the peninsula. In other parts of the C. jasius range, however, the distributions do not appear as closely matched. This discrepancy may be explained either by insufficient floristic surveys in such areas or by the high migratory potential of C. jasius. In the Kvarner Islands (e.g. Lošinj, Rab) and southern Dalmatia, the species is very common and numerous, especially in locations where the maquis contain A. unedo. The recorded sightings of C. jasius generally become sparser moving south to north. The exception is the southern-most part of Dalmatia, from Dubrovnik to the border with Montenegro, generally known as Konavle region. In 2012, a butterfly survey was carried out in the area (T. Koren, unpubl.), but no specimens were observed. If it is present in the area, therefore, it is probably rare and localised.During surveys over the last five years, C. jasius was recorded in Istria in three localities; all of them in the coastal southwestern area of the peninsula (Fig. 1). The provisional distribution maps of butterflies in Yugoslavia (Jakšić, 1988) indicate a record for the species in Istria, near the Raša River valley, but the source of this record remains unknown. Moreover, in recent literature on the butterflies of Istria (Danijel, 1971; Kučinić et al., 1999; Šašić ANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 22 · 2012 · 2 179Toni KOREN: ON THE OCCURRENCE OF CHARAXES JASIUS (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) IN ISTRIA, CROATIA, 177–182& Mihoci, 2007, Koren & Ladavac, 2010), the species is not mentioned in this area. The Raša River valley was visited by the author on several occasions during the last five years, but no specimens were observed. It is, however, possible that this species was or still is present near the sea, around the village Trget, as the habitat is Fig. 1: The distribution of the two-tailed Pasha (Charaxes jasius) in Croatia with marked presence of its larva host plant, Arbutus unedo.Sl. 1: Distribucija dvorepega paše (Charaxes jasius) na Hrvaškem ter zabeležena prisotnost hranilne rastline gosenic, Arbutus unedo.ANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 22 · 2012 · 2 180Toni KOREN: ON THE OCCURRENCE OF CHARAXES JASIUS (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) IN ISTRIA, CROATIA, 177–182very similar to that in Kalavojna, and A. unedo is also present. The sites closest to the Raša River valley whe-re C. jasius has been reported are Rijeka (Stauder, 1922) and the Kvarner Islands (Withrington & Verovnik, 2008). The older records for Cres, Lošinj and Rab have been confirmed by recent surveys, with the species found to be very common in some locations (T. Koren, unpubl.). The presence of the species in Rijeka has never been confirmed.The new records from Istria represent the northern--most areas for the species on the Adriatic coast, but surprisingly, there is a literature citation for the species in coastal Slovenia (Lelo, 2007). However, as there is no indication for this distribution in the recent butterfly atlas (Verovnik et al., 2012), this record could be con-sidered to be erroneous. As this species is not present in Slovenia, and it has not been recorded north of the Mirna River valley, even in intensive surveys (T. Koren, unpubl.), the valley itself could represent the distributi-on border for this species. And while the distribution of C. jasius in Croatia is relatively well known, not much is known about its biology, life history or conservation status – further researches should be directed towards these areas.POJAVLJANJE DVOREPEGA PAŠE (CHARAXES JASIUS) V ISTRI, HRVAŠKAToni KORENUniverza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče, Inštitut za biodiverzitetne študije, SI-6310 Izola, Giordana Bruna 6E-mail: koren.toni1@gmail.comPOVZETEKDvorepi paša (Charaxes jasius) je eden največjih in najbolj prepoznvanih metuljev v Evropi. Na Hrvaškem poseljuje obalne predele od Reke proti jugu Dalmacije in mnoge Jadranske otoke. Njegov habitat predstavlja gr-movje in makija, kjer rase hranilna rastlina gosenic, Arbutus unedo. Do nedavnega je bilo njegovo pojavljanje na severozahodnem delu Hrvaške, na polotoku Istra, vprašljivo. Med leti 2008–2012 je bil dvorepi paša zabeležen na treh novih lokacijah v Hrvaški Istri: Paludu, Premanturi in Kalavojni. S temi najdbami sta potrjeni njegova pri-sotnost na istrskem polotoku ter njegova razširjenost v severozahodnem delu Hrvaške. Razširjenost dvorepega paše na Hrvaškem se v veliki meri prekriva z razširjenostjo hranilne rastline gosenic. Dolina reke Mirne verjetno predstavlja mejo dvorepega paše, saj nikoli ni bil najden severneje od nje, prav tako ne v Sloveniji. Zemljevid z vsemi objavljenimi lokacijami na Hrvaškem je prikazan.Ključne besede: Charaxes jasius, Arbutus unedo, Istra, razširjenostANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 22 · 2012 · 2 180 181Toni KOREN: ON THE OCCURRENCE OF CHARAXES JASIUS (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) IN ISTRIA, CROATIA, 177–182REFERENCESAbafi-Aigner, L. (1910): Adalék a Magyar Tengermel-lék, Horvátország és Dalmáczia lepkefaunájához. Ro-vartani Lapok, 17, 71–105. (In Hungarian)Boljat, J. & A. Šuljić (2008): Inventarizacija faune dnevnih leptira Parka prirode Lastovsko otočje. Zbornik radova interdisciplinarnog istraživačkog projekta Lasto-vsko otočje, 2007.Daniel, F. (1971): Wanderfalter in Rovinj - Südistrien 1970. Atalanta, 3(5), 310–311.Galvagni, E. (1902): Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Fau-na einiger dalmatinischer Inseln. Verh. zool. - bot. Ges. Wien, 52, 362–388.Galvagni, E. (1909): Die zoologische Reise des Na-turwissenschaftlichen Vereines nach Dalmatien im April 1906 (Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Lepidopterenfauna der Adriatischen Inseln). Sonder-Abdruck aus den Mitt. Na-turwiss. Verh. an der Univ. Wien, 7, 154–254.Galvagni, E. (1921): Nachtrag zur Kenntnis der Schmetterlingsfauna Lussins. Verh.zool. - bot. Ges. Wien, 72, 84–89.Galvagni, E. (1935): Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Schmetterlings-fauna von Hvar (Lesina). Mitt. Naturwiss. Ver. an der Univ. Wien, 84, 118–121.Germar, E. F. (1814-1817): Reise durch Österreich, Tyrol nach Dalmatien und in das Gebiet von Ragusa. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1–2, 323 p.Habeler, H. (1976): Beiträge zur Lepidopterenfauna Dalmatiens. Acta Entomol. Jugosl., 12 (1–2), 67–87.Habeler, H. (2008): Die Schmetterlinge der Adria--Insel Krk. Eine ökofaunistische Studie. Verlag H. Peks, Schwanfeld, 222 p.Hafner, I. (1930): Prirodoslovna istraživanja sjeverno-dalmatinskog otočja, I Dugi i Kornati, Lepidoptera. Ju-goslavenska Akademija znanosti i umjetnosti u Zagre-bu, 16, pp. 45–62. http://www.istrapedia.hr. Accessed: 15.9.2012.Jakšić, P. (1988): Provisional distribution maps of the butterflies of Yugoslavia (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Ju-goslavensko entomološko društvo, Zagreb, 214 p.Jakšić, P. (1993): The M. Rogulja collection of the Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera) from the former state of Yu-goslavia. Entomol. Gaz., 44, 85–95.Koren, T. & Lj. Ladavac (2010): Butterfly fauna (Lepi-doptera: Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea) of Central Istria (Croatia). Nat. Croat., 19(2), 369–380.Krištović, M. (2007): Doprinos poznavanju faune leptira otoka Visa. Zbornik istraživačkih radova Udruge studenata biologije - “BIUS”. Biološki kamp Vis, 2005, pp. 67–69.Kučinić, M., N. Tvrtković & E. Kletečki (1999): The fal-se ringlet (Coenonympha oedippus F.) is a member of the Croatian butterfly fauna after all. Nat. Croat., 8 (4), 399–407.Kučinić, M., I. Mihoci, N. Tvrtković, M. Šašić, D. Bo-janić-Varezić, S. Joković, M. Mazija & A. Popijač (2011): Raznolikost danjih leptira (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Rhopa-locera) otoka Mljeta. In: Benović, A. & P. Durbešić (eds.): Proceedings of the Symposium Branimir Gušić Days, Mljet 2010, pp. 111–125.Lelo, S. (2007): Dnevni leptiri Bosne i Hercegovine. Prirodno-matematicki fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Sarajevo, 337 p.Lorković, Z. (2009): The Rhopalocera fauna of Cro-atia with special respect to the fauna of Plitvice Lakes. Entomol. Croat., 13(1), 15–78.Luy, U. (1994): 3. Beitrag zur Tagfalterfauna der Insel Rab, Kroatien (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoi-dea). Nota lep., 16(3/4), 251–263.Luy, U. (2002): 4. Beitrag zur Tagfalterfauna der Insel Rab, Kroatien. Atalanta, 33(1/2), 69–75.Mann, J. (1869): Lepidopteren gesammelt während dreier Reisen nach Dalmatien in den Jahren 1850, 1862 und 1868. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Österr., 19, 371–388.Mihelj, S. (2006): Transformations of Imaginedary Landscapes: Istra and Šavrinija as Intercultural Narrati-ves. In: Cornis-Pope, M. & J. Neubauer (eds.): A Com-parative History of the Literary Cultures of East Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries. John Benjamins Press, Amsterdam, pp. 364–373.Moucha, J. (1965): Tagfalter – Fauna der Insel Brač (Lepidoptera). Acta Faun. Entomol. Musei Nat. Prague, 11(106), 265–275.Müller, H. (1921): Vier Wochen auf der Insel Brazza. Entomologischer Anzeiger, 1(4-6), 17–18.Neustetter, H. (1956): Sammelreisen nach Dalmatien (Jugoslavien). Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, 3(3), 4–8.Nikolić, T. (ur.) (2012): Flora Croatica Database (http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd). Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu.Puschnig, K. (1914/1915): Zum Dundovalde. I. E. V. 1 (1–2), 8–9.Rebel, H. (1910): Lepidopteren aus dem Gebiete des Monte Maggiore in Istrien. XXI. Jahresber. ent. Ver Wien, 23, 97–110.Rebel, H. (1912a): Lepidopteren aus dem Gebiete des Monte Maggiore in Istrien. Jahresber. Wien. ent. Ver., 22, 227–240.Rebel, H. (1912b): Zur Lepidopterenfauna der Brioni-schen Inseln. Jahresb. Ent. Ver. Wien., 23, 217–222.Rebel, H. (1913a): Lepidopteren aus dem Gebiete des Monte Maggiore in Istrien. II. Nachtrag. Jahresb. Ent. Ver. Wien., 23, 177–205.Rebel, H. (1913b): Über die Lepidopterenfauna der Brioni grande. Jahresb. Ent. Ver. Wien, 24, 181–201.Reinhardt, R. (1990): Beitrag zur Tagfalterfauna der mitteldalmatinischen Adriaküste (Lepidoptera, Papiliono-idea). NEVA, 11(2), 113–117.Saga, W. (2007): ZGB-Exkursion in Kroatien vom 30. 04. - 06. 05. 2005. Mitt. Zool. Ges. Braunau, 9(3), 215–220.ANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 22 · 2012 · 2 182Toni KOREN: ON THE OCCURRENCE OF CHARAXES JASIUS (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) IN ISTRIA, CROATIA, 177–182Schawerda, K. (1921): Beiträge zur Lepidopterenfauna der kroatischen Küste und Neubeschreibungen. Deut-sche Entom. Zeitschrift Iris, 111–138.Schawerda, K. (1927): Beitrag und Nachtrag zur Le-pidopterenfauna derdalmatinischen Inseln, beziehun-gsweise der Insel Lussin. Verh. zool. - bot. Ges. Österr., 77, 79–81.Stauder, H. (1913): Weitere Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Makrolepidopterenfauna der adriatischen Küstengebie-te. Boll. Soc. Adriatic, 27, 105–106.Stauder, H. (1922): Die Schmetterlingsfauna der il-lyro-adriatischen Festland- und Inselzone (Faunula Il-lyro-Adriatica). Ztschr. wiss. Insektenbiologie, 17 (1/2), 14-21, (3/4), 58-64, (5/6), 83-92, (7/8), 135-147, (9/12), 165–176.Šašić, M. & I. Mihoci (2007): New findings of the wood brown Lopinga achine (Scopoli, 1763) (Lepidopte-ra: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in Croatia. Entomol. Croat., 11(1–2), 63–67.Tolman, T. & R. Lewington (2008): Butterflies of Bri-tain & Europe. HarperCollins Publishers, London, 384 p.Verovnik, R. (2011): Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalo-cera) of the Croatian islands: an update on published re-cords and new surveys of Pašman and Ugljan. Entomol. Gaz., 62, 251–263.Verovnik, R., F. Rebeušek & M. Jež (2012): Atlas dnev-nih metuljev (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Slovenije. Cen-ter za kartografijo favne in flore, Miklavž na Dravskem polju, 456 p.Waring, P. & R. Thomas (1989): Butterflies of the Yu-goslavian island of Mljet. 19 August - 2 September 1988. AES Bulletin, 48, 147–149.Werner, O. (1895): Bilješke o makro-lepidopterima, prikupljenim na poluostrvu Pelješcu. Glasnik Zemalj-skog Muzeja, 2, pp. 207–214.Withrington, D. (1984): Butterflies in northern Yugo-slavia. AES Bulletin, 43, 76–81.Withrington, D. K. J. & R. Verovnik (2008): Butterflies (Rhopalocera) of the Croatian islands. Entomol. Gaz., 59, 3–25.

On the occurrence of Charaxes jasius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Istria, Croatia

http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-UM4LVHAP/bb51dc06-e2d2-464b-a02d-661915a43a5a/PDF

On the occurrence of Charaxes jasius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Istria, Croatia

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Repository of University of Primorska