Se cita por primera vez para
la Argentina Gynaikotrhrips uzeli y
Androthrips ramachandrai en agallas
sobre hojas de Ficus benjamina en la
Provincia de Misiones. La primera de
estas especies es fitófago inductor de
agallas y la segunda presumiblemente
predadora. Se brinda una descripción
breve y se ilustran ambas especies.Gynaikothrips uzeli, and Androthrips
ramachandrai are recorded at the first
time for Argentina in leaf galls of Ficus
benjamina in Misiones province. The
first is phytophagous and gall inducer;
but the second is probably a predator. A
brief description and illustrations of both
species are given.Fil: De Borbón, Carlos Manuel. 
    Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza.Fil: Agostini, Juan Pedro. 
    Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarl

Agostini, Juan Pedro

De Borbón, Carlos Manuel

Repositorio OAI Biblioteca Digital Universidad Nacional de Cuyo

253Gynaikothrips uzeli y Androthrips ramachandrai, primeras citas para la ArgentinaTomo 43  •   N° 1  •   2011Rev. FCA UNCUYO. ISSN 0370-4661. Tomo 43. N° 1. Año 2011. 253-260.            Nota científica1 Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA Mendoza. San Martín 3853. Luján de Cuyo. Mendoza. Argentina. M5507EVY. cborbon@mendoza.inta.gov.ar2 Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo INTA Misiones. Avda. Libertador 2472. (3384) Montecarlo. Misiones. Argentina. jpagostini@montecarlo.inta.gov.arG y n a i k o t h r i p s  u z e l i  ( Z i m m e r m a n n )  y Androthrips ramachandrai Karny (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), primeras citas para la ArgentinaGynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmermann) and Androthrips ramachandrai Karny (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), first records for ArgentinaCarlos Manuel de Borbón 1Juan Pedro Agostini 2RESUMENSe cita por primera vez para la Argentina Gynaikotrhrips uzeli y Androthrips ramachandrai en agallas sobre hojas de Ficus benjamina en la Provincia de Misiones. La primera de estas especies es fitófago inductor de agallas y la segunda presumiblemente predadora. Se brinda una descripción breve y se ilustran ambas especies.ABSTRACTGynaikothrips uzeli, and Androthrips ramachandrai are recorded at the first time for Argentina in leaf galls of Ficus benjamina in Misiones province. The first is phytophagous and gall inducer; but the second is probably a predator. A brief description and illustrations of both species are given. INTRODUCTIONFicus benjamina L. is an ornamental shrub commonly used in the region of the North East of Argentina (NEA), mainly the provinces of Corrientes and Misiones. Its use can be either for ornamentation of parks or for urban trees. Recently, at several Palabras claveagal la • tr ips del f icus • Ficus ben jamina  • Gynaikotrhrips uzeli • Androthrips ramachandraiKey wordsleaf gall • weeping ficus thrips • Ficus benjamina • Gynaikothrips uzeli • Androthrips ramachandraiOriginales: Recepción: 08/04/2011 - Aceptación: 12/05/2011254C. M. de Borbón, J. P.  AgostiniRevista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrariaslocalities in Misiones Province, leaves of this tree were observed formed into galls or folded along the central vein and thrips were found associated with these symptoms. Initially, the damage was attributed to Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal), the only species in this genus recorded from Argentina (4, 6) in 1968 on leaves of Ficus laevigata Blanco. Apparently this species is widespread in the Federal Capital of Argentina (5). The genus Gynaikothrips comprises 41 species considered valid (13). It is characterized by antennal segment III with one sensorium and 3 or (3 + 1) on segment IV. Also not all the pronotal setae are well-developed, and there are numerous deep striations on the pronotum, giving it a strongly sculptured look (15).Objective The aim of this work is to record for the first time two species of thrips from Argentina associated with galled leaves on Ficus benjamina.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo samples of thrips were collected on plants of Ficus benjamina with the help of a fine brush. Insects were preserved in alcohol at 70% and carried to the Fitovirología laboratory of EEA Mendoza INTA for identification. Material was cleared with KOH to 10%, then, it was transferred to capsules with increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol for their dehydration. It completely cleaned in clove oil and mounted on slides into Balsam of Canada (15). The specimens were identified with the help of keys and by confrontation with descriptions (1, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15). The material was photographed using a microscope Zeiss Axiostart Plus equipped with a digital camera. Specimens are deposited in the EEA Mendoza INTA fitovirología laboratory.RESULTSAccording to the study of the morphological characters of adults found in Misiones, these correspond to the species Gynaikothrips uzeli (figure 1, p. 255). With adults of Gynaikothrips were found larvae (figure 2, p. 255), other immature of this species and female adults of Androthrips ramachandrai (figure 3, p. 255). This last characterized by the presence of fore femurs thickened, with a tooth near to their base, and few small tubercles in the inner side of them and a tooth in each fore tarsus. Viewed a stereoscopic microscope are distinguished among themselves because Gynaikothrips presents the last abdominal segment (tube), comparatively longer, antennas longer and thin, predominantly yellow and not thickened fore femurs.255Tomo 43  •   N° 1  •   2011Gynaikothrips uzeli. 1 Adult ♂.   2 Larva.   3 Androthrips ramachandari ♀.Brief description of the speciesGynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmermann, 1900)Female macroptera Colour. Body brown, antennal segment III-VIII, tarsus, fore tibias and apical part of the middle and hind tibias yellow. Forewings pale. 1 32Gynaikothrips uzeli y Androthrips ramachandrai, primeras citas para la Argentina256C. M. de Borbón, J. P.  AgostiniRevista de la Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasGynaikothrips uzeli. 4 Head.  5 Pronotum y Mesonotum.  6 Antenna.  7 Forewing.Structures. Head longer than wide, strongly striate, with a pair of short setae behind to posterior ocellus and two pairs of well developed setae blunt pointed not in a row behind of the eyes, maxilars stylets far apart each other about a thirds of the head wide (figure 4). Antenna 8-segmented (figure 6), III with one sensorious y IV with three sensorious. Pronotum strongly sculpturated, with epimeral setae and usualy posteroangulars well developed, anteromarginals y anteroangulars with variable length (figure 5).4 567257Gynaikothrips uzeli y Androthrips ramachandrai, primeras citas para la ArgentinaTomo 43  •   N° 1  •   2011Fore tarsus with one small tooth each one. Mesonotum reticulate, with the thirds divided (figure 5, p. 256). Metanotum also reticulate. Forewing parallel sided, with about 15 duplicated cilia. (figure 7, p. 256). Pelta broadly triangular; tergites II - VII with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae; tube equal or scarcely longer than head.Male macroptera (figure 1, p. 255) similar to female but smaller.Examined material: 5 ♀♀ and 8 ♂♂ collected by J. P. Agostini, October of 2010, on leaves gall of Ficus benjamina, Eldorado, Misiones province. In table is showed measurements of some setae, head and tube of examined material.Table. Length in micra of head, tube and some pronotal setae of Gynaihothrips uzeli specimens from Argentina. Androthrips ramachandrai Karny, 1926Female macroptera (figure 2, p. 255).Colour. Body and legs brown, tarsi yellow, antennal segment III , fore tibiae, apex of midle and hind tibiae yellow, antenal segments IV - VI ligth brown with base variably yellow (figure 8, p. 258); forewings pale. Structures. Head scarcely longer than wide; postocular setae long with apex weakly capitate behind of eyes; maxillary stylets about one third of head width apart. Antennae 8-segmented; segment III with three sensoria, IV with four sensoria. Pronotum with almost no sculpture; four pairs of major setae present, anteromarginals not developed. Fore femur thikened (figure 9, p. 258), with a tooth near base and rounded tubercles on inner margin (figure 10, p. 258), fore tarsal tooth well developed (figure 11, p. 258). Metanotum with weakly linear reticulation. Forewing weakly constricted medially; about 12 duplicated cilia present. Pelta elongate triangular; tergites II - VII with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae; tergite IX setae S1 almost as long as tube.Examined Material: 5 ♀♀ collected by J. P. Agostini, October of 2010, on leaves gall of Ficus benjamina, Eldorado, Misiones province.Female (n=5) Male (n=8)Features Mean Range Mean RangeHead 313 270 - 341 258 244 - 280Tube 372 310 - 415 264 244 - 310Pronotum 183 161 - 203 142 122 - 168Body 2,840 2,580 - 3,180 2,155 1,920 - 2,500Pronotal setae              anteromarginal 59 49 - 73 48 34 - 71              epimeral 143 112 - 166 101 85 - 124              posteroangular 132 90 - 159 75 39 - 100              discals 13 12 - 15 11 10 - 15Ratio head/tube 0,84 0,80 - 0,88 0,98 0,90 - 1,04Ratio epimeral/posteroangular 0,92 0,80 - 1,00 0,74 0,40 - 1,00258C. M. de Borbón, J. P.  AgostiniRevista de la Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasAndrothrips ramachandrai.8 Antenna.  9 Fore femurs.  10 Detail of tooth and tubercles at inner side of fore femurs.  11 Detalil of tooth of fore tarsus. 89 1011DISCUSSIONOcurrence of Gynaikothrips uzeli and Androthrips ramachandrai has been reported recently in different countries of the Americas: Southern USA (1, 9, 10), México (3), Puerto Rico (2), Costa Rica (18) and Colombia (16). Both of these thrips species are native to Southeast Asia, and their introduction and dispersal in America 259Gynaikothrips uzeli y Androthrips ramachandrai, primeras citas para la ArgentinaTomo 43  •   N° 1  •   2011can be attributed to the horticultural trade in Ficus benjamina. Gynaikothrips uzeli induces galls on leaves of this plant, and is frequently accompanied by species of the genus Androthrips. One species of this genus, Androthrips flavipes Schmutz (17), is considered to be a predator, and this is most likely also true of A. ramachandrai. According to reports by Mound and collaborators (14, 15), in Southeast Asian populations G. uzeli presents a great variability in the length of the pronotal setae. Although only a limited number of specimens were measured in the present study, a similar a wide range of setal lengths was found (table, p. 271 ). The length of the posteroangulars setae has been used to distinguish different species, and the variation gave rise to doubts about the identity of G. ficorum and G. uzeli. These two species are distinguished from each other by the short posteroangular setae of G. ficorum (less than 50% of the epimeral setae), whereas the posteroangular setae are long in G. uzeli. Unfortunately, any specimens with posteroangular setae near to 50% of the epimerals could be assigned to either of these species. However, the two thrips species seem to have preferences for different host plants. G. ficorum usually lives on Ficus microcarpa, whereas G. uzeli lives on Ficus benjamina. This difference in behavior supports the hypothesis that these are distinct species.In this work, were found only two male specimens of Gynaikothrips with short posteroangular setae (0,4 as long as epimeral). This could be attributed to a mixture of both species or a more likely due to a great variations of posteroangular setae in G. uzeli. This problem could be solved with rearing studies and a long series of sample collected on individual leaf gall. In addition to these two species of Gynaikothrips from the American continent, Retana (18) described Gynaikothrips garitacambroneroi, mainly based on the length of the pronotal setae and the male genitalia. This species was studied and ratified by some researchers (7, 16, 19), but in view of the great morphological similarity to G. uzeli and the preference for the same host it was placed in synonymy by Goldazarena et al. (8).CONCLUSSIONAccording to morphologic feature observed in examined specimens, and the aforementioned background we conclude that found species correspond to Gynaikothrips uzeli and Androthrips ramachandari and both are recorded at the first time for Argentina.REFERENCES 1. Boyd, D. W.; Held, D. W. 2006. Androthrips ramachandrai (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): an introduced thrips in the United States. Florida Entomologist 89(4): 455-458. 2. Cabrera Asencio, I.; Ramirez, A.; Saez, L.; Velez, A. 2008. Gynaoikothrips uzeli Zimmermann (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) y Montandoniola moraguezi Puton (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae): Nuevos Records para Puerto Rico. The Journal of Agriculture of University of Puerto Rico. 92(1-2): 111-113.260C. M. de Borbón, J. P.  AgostiniRevista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias 3. Camero Campos, J.; Valenzuela García, R.; Carvajal Cazola, C.; Ríos Velasco, C.; García Martínez, O. 2010. New records for Mexico: Gynaikothrips uzeli, Androthrips ramanchandrai (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and Montandiola confusa (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Florida Entomologist 93(3): 470-472.  4. De Borbón, C. M. 2008. Desertathrips chuquiraga gen. et sp.n. (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) from Argentina. Zootaxa. 1751: 25-34. 5. De Santis, L.; Gallego de Sureda, A. E.; Merlo, E. Z. 1980. Estudio sinóptico de los Tisanópteros Argentinos (Insecta). Obra del centenario de Museo de La Plata 6: 91-166. 6. Gallego, A. E. 1973. Notas taxonómicas y biológica sobre tisanópteros de la República Argentina. Neotropica 19(58): 43-49.  7. Garita Cambronero, J.; Lizano Fallas, V. 2006. Determinación del dimorfismo sexual de Gynaikothrips garitacambroneroi (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) inductor de agallas en Ficus benjamina. Métodos Ecología Sistemática 1(1): 10-14. 8. Goldararzena, A.; Mound, L. A.; zur Strassen, R. 2008. Nomenclatural problems among Thysanoptera (Insecta) of Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical 56(2): 961-968. 9. Held, D. W.; Boyd, D.; Lockley, T.; Edwards, G. B. 2005. Gynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) in the Southestern united stated: Distribution a review of biology. Florida Entomologist 88(4): 538-540. 10. Hoddle, M.; Mound, L. A.; Paris, D. 2011.Thrips of California. http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/thrips_of_california/data/key/thysanoptera/Media/Html/browse_species/Androthrips_ramachandrai.htm 14/02/2011. 11. ; Mound, L. A.; Paris, D. 2011.Thrips of California. http://keys.lucidcentral.org/ keys/v3/thrips_of_california/data/key/thysanoptera/Media/Html/browse_species/Gynaikothrips_ficorum.htm 14/02/2011. 12. Mannion, C.; Hunsberger, A.; Gabel, K.; Buss, E.; Buss, L. University of Florida IFAS Extension IPM Florida, 2006. http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu/resources/grants_showcase/ornamentals_and_turf/Trips_%28Piojitos%29_del_Ficus_Benjamina.pdf 14/02/2011. 13. Mound, L. A. 2011. Thysanoptera (Thrips) of the World – a checklist,   http://anic.ento.csiro.au/worldthrips/taxon_details.asp?BiotaID=442, 14/02/2011. 14. ; Wang, C. L.; Okajima, S. 1995. Observations in Taiwan on the identity of  the cuban laurel thrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 103(2): 185-190. 15. ; Marullo, R. 1996. The Thrips of Central and South America: An Introduction. Memoirs on Entomology, International. 6: 1-488.  16. Sepúlveda Cano, P.; Ocampo Morales, L. F.; Gaviria Rivera, A. M.; Rubio Gómez, J. D. 2009: Trips (Thysanoptera) asociados a agallas de Ficus benjamina (Linnaeus, 1767) (Moraceae) en la región central de Colombia. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, Medellín 62(2): 5081-5087. 17. Raman, A.; Ananthakrishnan, T. 1984 Gall insecto-host plant relationship - An ecological perspective. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences 93(4): 293-300. 18. Retana Salazar, A. P. 2006. Variación morfológica del complejo Gynaikothrips uzeli-ficorum (Phleothripidae: Tubulifera). Métodos Ecología Sistemática 1(1): 1-9. 19. ; Sánchez Chacón, E. 2009. Anatomía de la agalla en Ficus benjamina (Moraceae) asociada a "trips" (Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae). Revista de Biología Tropical 57 (Suppl. 1): 179-186.Ackowledgements To Dr. L. A. Mound (Honorary Research Fellow CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Canberra Australia) for their valuable comments, help for the identification of species and bibliographical material. To Marta Gatica (Fitopalogía, EEA Mendoza INTA) to facilitate microscopy equipement.

Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmermann) and Androthrips ramachandrai Karny (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae), first records for Argentina

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