The importance of the soil evaluation work consists in that the evaluation marks establish the uses and cultures most indicated on a certain field. The evaluation marks are variable and depend on the characteristics of the soil, the crop varieties and hybrids used, the technologies applied, etc. From the analysis of the physical, hydro-physical and chemical properties of the soils in Diosti commune, Dolj County, and their distribution by modes of use, it is found that the largest surface is suitable for arable use; the horticultural plants are suitable on a smaller surface. The productions obtained during the period when the observations were made (2015-2018) at the main horticultural plants are average or tend towards the upper part of the production recommended by the technology. In 2018, with apple tree, a production of 12.5 t / ha was obtained. In 2016 and 2017, the production was 11 t / ha. The average over the 4 years was 10.7 t / ha. The plum tree yields were between 5.5 - 7.0 t / ha. These obtained productions are due to the culture system with large distances between trees and the climatic conditions in the area but also to other factors such as not applying the phytosanitary treatments in time

POPESCU, C.

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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series

Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIX/2019  177  THE SUITABILITY OF SOILS IN THE AREA OF THE COMMUNE DIOSTI, DOLJ COUNTY, FOR DIFFERENT CROPS AND, IN PARTICULAR, FOR HORTICULTURAL PLANTS POPESCU CRISTIAN Faculty of Agronomy, Craiova, Romania  Keywords: soil, evaluation marks, favorability classes, productive potential, favorability  ABSTRACTThe importance of the soil evaluation work consists in that the evaluation marks establish the uses and cultures most indicated on a certain field. The evaluation marks are variable and depend on the characteristics of the soil, the crop varieties and hybrids used, the technologies applied, etc. From the analysis of the physical, hydro-physical and chemical properties of the soils in Diosti commune, Dolj County, and their distribution by modes of use, it is found that the largest surface is suitable for arable use; the horticultural plants are suitable on a smaller surface. The productions obtained during the period when the observations were made (2015-2018) at the main horticultural plants are average or tend towards the upper part of the production recommended by the technology. In 2018, with apple tree, a production of 12.5 t / ha was obtained. In 2016 and 2017, the production was 11 t / ha. The average over the 4 years was 10.7 t / ha. The plum tree yields were between 5.5 - 7.0 t / ha. These obtained productions are due to the culture system with large distances between trees and the climatic conditions in the area but also to other factors such as not applying the phytosanitary treatments in time.  INTRODUCTION   Land evaluation is a complex research and qualitative assessment of the main conditions that determine the growth conditions and development of plants and establishing the degree of favorability of these conditions for each mode of use and cultivation and, finally, it identifies soil types in the researched area. Concerns regarding the appreciation of the agricultural soils of our country after their fertility, have been encountered since the middle of the last century. Currently, the evaluation of agricultural land in our country is done on the basis of the system developed by D. Teaci. This method uses the evaluation marks in order to express the favorability of agricultural land for different types of use and crop plants. This method is based on two distinct sides, namely: the actual evaluation and the technological characterization of agricultural lands. Natural factors and soil characteristics are used to determine the evaluation marks: soil relief, climate, hydrology, texture, gleysation, useful edaphic volume, total porosity, soil reaction, humus reserve, etc. Depending on the general score of the evaluation obtained by multiplying by 100 the product of the values of the coefficients of the considered indicators, the evaluation or favorability classes are obtained.  MATERIAL AND METHOD In order to establish the suitability of the soils of the commune of Diosti for different cultures, the work of evaluation under natural conditions was performed, based on the system elaborated by D. Teaci. The indicators used to characterize the natural conditions and properties of the soils, are evaluated by means of coefficients of evaluation that have values between 0 and 1. The marks of evaluations per uses are obtained by multiplying the values of the coefficients, the indicators of evaluation under natural conditions, and the result is multiplied by 100. Depending on the general score of evaluation obtained by multiplying by 100 the product of the values of the Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIX/2019  178  coefficients of the considered indicators, 10 classes of evaluation or favorability have been established, namely. Class I, from 100 to 91 points, class X a, from 11 to 1 points. In order to establish the suitability of the soils from the commune of Diosti, Dolj County, for the horticultural plants, observations were made, on the main horticultural plants in the studied territory, apple tree, plum tree, vine, regarding the obtained productions, and based on laboratory analyzes, the results regarding the content of fruits and grapes in dry matter, sugar and total acidity were interpreted.  RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The importance of the paper work consists in that by the respective score, the most indicated uses and cultures are established on a certain field, the paper works serve to substantiate the investments, the remuneration of the work in agriculture, the establishment of the technologies, etc. The evaluation marks are variable depending on the characteristics of the soil, the soils and hybrids used, the technologies applied, etc. From the data entered in fig.1., it can be seen the distribution of soils in the commune of Diosti, Dolj County, by modes of use. The largest surface, is suitable for arable use, the horticultural plants are suitable on a smaller surface. From table 1., it appears that the clayey chernozem obtained the highest evaluation marks. It is the soil with the highest productive potential among the soils identified in the commune of Diosti, it is the favorable environment for most cultures.  The highest evaluation marks were obtained for apple tree, plum tree, pear tree, vines, cherries, sour cherries, apricots, peaches, as well as the other cereals (wheat, barley, corn, sunflower). Cultures fall into the favorability classes I, II and III. On the gleyc phreatic cambic chernozem, which has a production potential close to that of the clayey chernozem, the crops fall into the favorability class II and III, except for pastures, meadows, alfalfa and clover. The reddish preluvosoil obtained evaluation marks close to those of the gleyc chernozem, the highest marks were obtained at the horticultural plants: cherry, sour cherry, apricot, peach, vines, vegetables. The crops fall into the favorability classes III and IV, with the exception of pastures, clover and potato.  Figure 1. The map of soils suitability. Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIX/2019  179  Analyzing the production results obtained in the period 2015-2018, during which the observations were made, on an area of 7 ha apple tree, 10 ha plum tree and 4 ha vines (wine varieties), it is found that they are average, or tend towards the upper part of the recommended production of technology (table 2.). It is noted that in 2018, at the apple yield was 12.5 t / ha. In 2016 and 2017, the production was 11 t / ha. The average over the 4 years was 10.7 t / ha. The plum yields were between 5.5-7.0 t / ha. These obtained productions are due to the culture system with large distances between trees and the climatic conditions in the area. Analyzing these productions, it is found that they are not so good in comparison with the productive potential of the soil, considering that the obtained production is due to the ones mentioned above (culture and climate system) but also to other factors such as: failure to apply in time  treatments against diseases and pests.  Table 1. The evaluation marks and the suitability classes of soils from Diosti commune, Dolj County  Crop Gleysated cambic  chernozem Clayey chernozem Reddish preluvosoil Evaluation  mark Suitability  class Evaluation  mark Suitability  class Evaluation  mark Suitability  class Pasture 72 III 57 V 57 V Meadow 50 VI 44 VI 44 VI Apple tree 80 III 80 III 64 IV Pear tree 90 II 81 II 64 IV Plum tree 81 II 90 II 72 III Cherry tree 72 III 100 I 80 III Apricot tree 70 IV 90 II 72 III Peach tree 70 IV 90 II 72 III Vine – wine 80 III 100 I 80 III Vine – table 80 III 100 I 80 III Wheat 81 II 90 II 72 III Barley 81 II 72 III 72 III Maize 90 II 90 II 72 III Sunflower 81 II 58 V 64 IV Potato 64 IV 80 III 57 V Sugarbeet 90 II 72 III 72 III Soybean 81 II 90 II 72 III Pea – bean 81 II 90 II 72 III Flax oil 81 II 72 III 64 IV Flax linen 72 III 90 II 64 IV Hemp 81 II 81 II 64 IV Lucerne 81 II 64 IV 64 IV Clover 64 IV 64 IV 51 V Vegetables 90 II 72 III 72 III  Table 2. Fruit yields obtained in 2015-2018 period Species Yield, t/ha Av. t/ha Crop system Surface ha 2015 2016 2017 2018 Apple tree 10.5 11.0 11.0 12.5 11.25 Classic 7 Plum tree 5.5 7.0 6.1 6.9 6.3 Classic 10 Analyzing the results obtained in wine grapes, we can see here good yields compared to other communes, however below the level of productions that could be obtained, due to the pedoclimatic conditions in the area. Thus, in table 3, it is observed that the highest yields were obtained from the white Feteasca variety, on average 8.5 t / ha, which is correlated with the pedological Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIX/2019  180  conditions in the area. In the Italian Riesling variety, the average yield obtained was 8.3 t / ha. Table 2. Wine grapes yields obtained in 2015-2018 period Varieties Yield (t/ha) Average t/ha Surface 2015 2016 2017 2018 Feteasca alba 8.5 8.0 8.8 8.2 8.5 4 Riesling italian 8.1 8.9 8.0 8.1 8.3  The yields obtained are lower here as well as with fruit tree species, this being due also to negligence and in particular due to the climatic conditions (the sum of the hours of insolation being insufficient), failure to perform proper plowing, failure to apply chemical fertilizer in sufficient dose. Interpreting the results of the qualitative analyzes in fruit and grapes (table 4.) it is found that in apples the quantity of dry matter is 14.2% and in plums it is 19.0%, which shows that in the area the fruits find good conditions for storage. Analyzing the percentage of sugar it is observed that it is 8.3% in apples and 16.2% in grapes. Table 3. The fruit content of dry matter, sugar, and acidity Fruit Dry matter % Sugar % Acidity,% malic acid Mere 14,2 8,3 0,30 Prune 19,0 9,8 1,0 Struguri 20,0 16,2 0,5   These contents are due to the climatic conditions (the sum of the temperature degrees) in the area. The total acidity expressed in malic acid obtained from laboratory analyzes is 0.30% in apples and 0.5% in table grapes, in plums being 1.0%. These analyzes highlight the favorability for horticultural species. In conclusion, the field observations and analyzes show that horticultural species find good conditions in the village of Diosti, Dolj County, therefore we recommend that this sector be expanded. In order to obtain the highest yields, it is recommended that in the commune of Diosti more attention be paid to the care work in the plantation, controlling diseases and pests in time, applying fertilization according to the agrochemical mapping. CONCLUSIONS From the analysis carried out it was observed that the two types of chernozem (clayey and gleysated cambic), are soils with a high productive potential and the culture of the cereals is indicated. These soils are well supplied with nutrients. The reddish preluvosoil, formed on slopes and pseudoteraces, with a slope of more than 15% with southern and northern exposure is used for vineyards. Concerning the  demands of the national economy, agriculture is of great importance to them, one of them being reccomended to set up vine plantations on sloping lands, which cannot be occupied by other crops, by making terraces, etc. In conclusion, it can be said that the soils from the commune of Diosti, Dolj County, have a high fertility and on them they find good conditions of development most of the horticultural plants.  BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Bălan  Mihaela, 2017 - Researches on the evolution of soil main chemical indicators under the influence of different crops, soil water erosion and fertilization on typical luvosoil from Experimental field Preajba, Gorj County, Analele Universitatii din Craiova, seria Agricultura ,Montanologie,Cadastru,Vol.XLVII/2/2017,ISSN 1841-8317, pag. 260-267.  Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIX/2019  181  2. Florea N., Munteanu I., 2012 - Sistemul Român de taxonomie a Solurilor. Editura Sitech, Craiova.  3. Glodeanu M., Popescu S., Alexandru T., 2016 -  Investigations concerning the possibility of converting the liquid flow into an electric parameter in order to automatize the working process for agricultural sprinkling machinery. Theird Conference Energy Eficiency and Agricultural Engineering, Bulgaria, pp 140-143. 4. Popescu Cristian., 2006 - Pedologie - bonitare funciară, Editura Universitaria, Craiova. 5. Popescu Cristian, 2017 - The suitability classes as arable land of soils from South – Western zone of Dolj District, the territory of Piscu Vechi and Ghidici localities. Analele Universitatii din Craiova, Agricultura, Montanologie, Cadastru, vol. XLVII /1, pag 374-378, ISSN 1841-8317, ISBN CD-ROM 2066-950X.  6. Teaci, D., 1977 - Aspecte privind determinarea capacităţii de producţie a terenurilor arabile din România. ICCPT Fundulea,vol.XLII. 7. Teaci, D., 1980 - Bonitarea terenurilor agricole. Editura Ceres, Bucureşti.  8. Vasile C., 2016 - The implementation of an automated system of monitoring of the steam tempertures at the formation of compound feed granules. Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series, Vol. XLVI, no. 2, 2016, ISSN: 1841-8317, pag. 588-593.    

THE SUITABILITY OF SOILS IN THE AREA OF THE COMMUNE DIOSTI, DOLJ COUNTY, FOR DIFFERENT CROPS AND, IN PARTICULAR, FOR HORTICULTURAL PLANTS

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THE SUITABILITY OF SOILS IN THE AREA OF THE COMMUNE DIOSTI, DOLJ COUNTY, FOR DIFFERENT CROPS AND, IN PARTICULAR, FOR HORTICULTURAL PLANTS

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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series