Now a days, vehicles have been developed a lot and reach its new margin; but yet accidents are mostly occurred by retard of the driver to stomp the brake or by the sloppiness of the driver or over speed or due to unpleasant weather. So our project points to emerge a system which can actuate the braking system automatically with the aid of high profile sensors with relay circuit and some more changes in conventional braking system which can actuate the brake automatically in emergency state. The brain of this entire set-up is Arduino microcontroller. The ultrasonic sensors are the vision of this system and stepper motor utilised for actuation. This system has been composed to depict the technological improvement in further. In future the actual model may be evolved based on its viability

A, Chandru

K, Akash

R, Vigneshvaran

S, Deepak

S.P., Vinayagam Mohanavel

V, Ganesh

English

International Research Journal of Automotive Technology (IRJAT)

  
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY  
(IRJAT) 
 
         http://www.mapletreejournals.com/index.php/IRJAT                   
        Received 20 January 2019            ISSN 2581-5865   
                          Accepted 23 January 2019                   2019; 2(6); 13-20 
                                                                               Published online 25 January 2019 
Design and Manufacturing of Smart Braking System 
K.Akash1, A.Chandru1, S.Deepak1, V.Ganesh1, S.P.Vinayagam Mohanavel2, R.Vigneshvaran3 
1UG Scholars, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kingston Engineering College, Vellore, 
Tamilnadu, India. 
2Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kingston Engineering College, 
Vellore, Tamilnadu, India. 
3Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kingston Engineering College, 
Vellore, Tamilnadu, India. 
 
ABSTRACT: 
Now a days, vehicles have been developed a lot and reach its new margin; but yet 
accidents are mostly occurred by retard of the driver to stomp the brake or by the sloppiness of 
the driver or over speed or due to unpleasant weather. So our project points to emerge a system 
which can actuate the braking system automatically with the aid of high profile sensors with 
relay circuit and some more changes in conventional braking system which can actuate the brake 
automatically in emergency state. The brain of this entire set-up is Arduino microcontroller. The 
ultrasonic sensors are the vision of this system and stepper motor utilised for actuation. This 
system has been composed to depict the technological improvement in further. In future the 
actual model may be evolved based on its viability. 
Keywords: Arduino, obstacle detection, ultrasonic sensor, stepper motor 
1. INTRODUCTION: 
            In modern days, Automobile technology has been improved enormously, specifically on 
the braking and vision systems. Safety systems are being examined and progressed to suppress 
accidents and easing of target. The project designed to make differentiation on the systems 
recently in use like Engine management system (EMS), Friction control, Anti-lock braking 
K.Akash et al. / International Research Journal of Automotive Technology/ 2019,2(6),13-20 
system (ABS), electronic brake force distribution (EBD), and further techniques that are recently 
in expansion. Braking set-up plays a vital role and a part which is mandatory when a vehicle is 
studied. It depletes the dynamic energy of the vehicle in situation, which deceleration 
occursoritmight be immobilized. Thus ensuring the vehicle and the individuals inside it were 
secured. This new set-up is made to crack the problem where motorist can’t able to operate the 
brake at the needed time, which enable the self-operated braking system by sensing the barriers 
to keep away from unusual incident. 
 In ourproject, we have made some changes in actuation of Braking System over 
traditional method. The system has an effect of Arduino Microcontroller, which act as a mastery 
of this system. The main idea of our project is to self-actuation of Braking System. This is a user 
and eco-friendly system. 
2. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION: 
a) Collision occurs, due to the unpleasant weather condition. 
b) Not many systems are in place to warn the driver about nearing frontal collision. 
c) Driving while fuddle. 
d) Inexperienced driving. 
e) Frontal collision on highways, due to slow reaction of motorist. 
f) Aggressive or fast driving. 
3. PRINCIPLE COMPONENTS: 
1.    Ultrasonic sensor 
2.    Dc motor 
3.    Arduino board  
4.    Battery 
5.    Stepper motor  
6.    Conventional braking system 
 
 
 
K.Akash et al. / International Research Journal of Automotive Technology/ 2019,2(6),13-20 
4. LAYOUT OF PROPOSED WORKING MODEL (3D MODELING): 
 
Fig. 1. CAD modelling experimental setup 
 
4.1. FABRICATION  PROCESS: 
 
Fig. 1.2. Fabrication Process 
 
 
 
K.Akash et al. / International Research Journal of Automotive Technology/ 2019,2(6),13-20 
4.2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP: 
 
Fig. 1.3. Experimental Setup 
 
4.3. SIDE VIEW &TOP VIEW OF BRAKING SYSTEM: 
 
Fig. 1.4.Side & top of Braking System 
 
K.Akash et al. / International Research Journal of Automotive Technology/ 2019,2(6),13-20 
4.4. BRAKING SYSTEM CIRCUIT SETUP: 
 
Fig. 1.5. Circuit Setup 
4.5. METHODOLOGY: 
                                                                                                    
Fig. 1.6. Methodology Process 
ULTRASONIC 
WAVES 
GENERATED
OBSTACLE 
DETECTION
REFLECTED 
WAVES 
GENERATED
ULTRASONIC 
RECEIVER
BRAKING 
CIRCUIT 
SETUP
SELF-
ACTUATION 
OF BRAKE
K.Akash et al. / International Research Journal of Automotive Technology/ 2019,2(6),13-20 
5. OBJECTIVES: 
           The main motive of this project is to compose the Smart Breaking System in order to 
reduce the unusual incident. To make sure in safety, the system has been enclosed with 
sophisticated components, where the process occurs with less human attention while driving. 
This system is mandatory to be binding up in every vehicle. Mostly it will used while driving the 
vehicles on night time. Most of the accidentsoccurred in the night time travel because the 
motorist may get tired sometimes. So there will be a chance of motorist may bang with opposite 
vehicles or side-way trees. By utilizing this project the vehicle might immobilize through Smart 
Breaking System. So we can ignore the accident. 
6. WORKING PROCEDURE: 
          The ultrasonic sensor is used to sense the obstruction in front of the vehicle while driving. 
The ultrasonic sensor detects the obstacle by emitting the sound waves with a maximum distance 
of 1m to the minimum distance of 2cm. The ultrasonic transmitter sends the sound waves and it 
travels up to a certain distance and gets reflected back. The reflected sound waves generated are 
acquired by an ultrasonic receiver. The received sound waves are then converted into electric 
signals.  
Then, these electrical signals were transmitted to the Arduino board which is a pre-
programmed one. All the data were received, collected and processed by the Arduino board. The 
relay switch is connected to the Arduino board to control the power of the main motor. The A4 
Drive is connected with the Arduino, which controls the power and rotation of the stepper motor. 
The NEMA17 stepper motor is used to actuate the brake lever which is connected to the disc of 
the wheel. 
Now, when the obstacle is detected by the sensor in front of the vehicle and it sends the electric 
signals to the Arduino. When the signals were received by the Arduino, it might cut-off the 
power supply to the main motor to reduce the RPM,at the same time it gives power to the stepper 
motor. The stepper motor is connected to the lever through aconnecting link, which might 
actuate the brake lever and vehicle stops. After the few seconds the relay circuit is again 
triggered to supply power to the main motorand wheels starts rotating again. The delay timing 
K.Akash et al. / International Research Journal of Automotive Technology/ 2019,2(6),13-20 
and the speed of the stepper motor can be easily varied through program as required. The number 
of revolutions of the stepper motor can also varied by the program. 
RESULTS: 
As a result of this Smart Braking System, the activity of each component is working 
goodand the entire system is successfully executed. When the safest distance is identified, where 
the vehicle tensed to stop, during the obstruction. The range of accuracy in ultrasonic sensor over 
this set-up is about 2cm to 1m and works efficiently within the limit determined. 
CONCLUSION: 
We have made the fabrication of Smart Braking System prototype successfully and this 
project depict the execution of a Smart Braking System for frontal collision avoidance, insisted 
to use in vehicles where the motorist may not ableto actuate the brake manually at required 
situation, but the kinetic energy of the vehicle can be turn down automatically by the sensing of 
hurdles. It minimizes the accident levels and tends to save the lives of so many individuals. By 
doing this project practically we gained lot of knowledge about actuation Automatic braking 
system and its future study and examination, we hope to improve this system into an even more 
advanced one for vehicle safety, while realizing that it obviously needs tons of work and 
learning, like  programming and function of microcontrollers and the automobile construction. 
Hence we trust that the implementation of this Smart Braking System will maximize safety and 
also give such system a enormous market opening and a competitive one among other vehicles. 
REFERENCES: 
1. Van NE's. N: Houtenbos. M: van SC Hagen. I: Improving Speed behaviour The Potential of 
In-Car Speed Assistance and Speed Limit Credibility. IET Intel. Transp. Syst. 2008, 2, 323-330. 
2. C Grover, I Knight, F Okoro, I Simmons, G Couper, P Massie and B Smith “Automated 
Emergency Breaking System” published project report, 2008. 
3. Wan-Joo park Dept. of Electr. Eng., Sogang Univ., Seoul Byung-sung Kim; Dong-Eun Seo; 
Dong-Suk Kim; Kwae-Hi Lee “Parking space detection using ultrasonic sensor in parking 
assistance system” , intelligent vechicles Symposium, 2008 IEEE. 
K.Akash et al. / International Research Journal of Automotive Technology/ 2019,2(6),13-20 
4. Zhiwei Luo; Dept. of Mech. Eng., Xiamen univ of technol., Xiamen, china “Research on 
Automobile intelligent collision system” Mechanic automation and control Engineering(MACE), 
2011 Second international conference on 2011. 


Design and Manufacturing of Smart Braking System

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