Silver nanoparticle-based antimicrobials can promote a long
lasting bactericidal effect without detrimental toxic side
effects. However, there is not a clear and complete protocol
to define and relate the properties of the particles (size,
shape, surface charge, ionic content) with their specific
activity. In this paper, we propose an effective multi-step
approach for the identification of a ?purpose-specific active
applicability window? to maximize the antimicrobial activity
of medical devices containing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)
(such as surface coaters), minimizing any consequent risk for
human health (safety by design strategy). The antimicrobial
activity and the cellular toxicity of four types of Ag NPs,
differing in their coating composition and concentration
have been quantified. Through the implementation of flowfield flow fractionation, Ag NPs have been characterized
in terms of metal release, size and shape. The particles
are fractionated in the process while being left unmodified,
allowing for the identification of biological particle-specific
contribution. Toxicity and inflammatory response in vitro have
been assessed on human skin models, while antimicrobia