De Troyer, Niels

Deknock, Arne

Dominguez Granda, Luis

Forio, Marie Anne Eurie

Goethals, Peter

Houbraken, Michael

Nolivos, Indira

Spanoghe, Pieter

Van Echelpoel, Wout

English

Ghent University Academic Bibliography

Distribution of agricultural pesticides in the freshwater environment of the Guayas river basin (Ecuador)Arne Deknock, Niels De Troyer, Michael Houbraken, Luis Dominguez-Granda, Indira Nolivos, Wout Van Echelpoel, Marie Anne Eurie Forio, Pieter Spanoghe, Peter Goethals2 October 2019DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCES AND AQUATIC ECOLOGYRESEARCH GROUP AQUATIC ECOLOGY (AECO)INTRODUCTION2Miyamoto et al. (2008)• Majority of applied pesticides ends up in environment• Biologically active• Developing regions:• Non-specific application methodsINTRODUCTION3Miyamoto et al. (2008)• Majority of applied pesticides ends up in environment• Biologically active• Developing regions:• Non-specific application methods• Cheap products (e.g. persistent organochlorines)• Lack of training, technical services, regulations and control• Low awareness and integration of rational pest management strategies• Pressure by multinationalsINTRODUCTION4Miyamoto et al. (2008)• Majority of applied pesticides ends up in environment• Biologically active• Developing regions:• Non-specific application methods• Cheap products (e.g. persistent organochlorines)• Lack of training, technical services, regulations and control• Low awareness and integration of rational pest management strategies• Pressure by multinationalsINTRODUCTION5• Ecuador• largest export-based banana industry• 34,317 metric tons of active ingredients per year (2014-2017)• Guayas river basin• 40% of national population (2002)• 68% of national crop production (1996)• 88% of Ecuadorean bananas (1996)OBJECTIVES1. Pesticide residues within the Guayas river basin?2. Link with agricultural land use?6METHODOLOGY7• July and August 2016• 181 sampling locations• 31 Daule-Peripa reservoir• 15 Manglares Churute natural reserve• Including upstream, downstream, natural and clearly affected locations• Selection of 83 relevant products• Solid-phase extraction (SPE)METHODOLOGY8• Gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) • Validation: spike-placebo recovery methodLC-MS/MS GC-ECDOBJECTIVES1. Pesticide residues within the Guayas river basin?2. Link with agricultural land use?9RESULTS & DISCUSSION10• 26 products• 108 contaminated sites (60%)• Highest product diversity:• Daule river (E-series): 8 products• Babahoyo river (BH-series): 7 products• Downstream region more polluted• No impact on biological diversity• Note:• Single time point• Other compartments?OBJECTIVES1. Pesticide residues within the Guayas river basin?2. Link with agricultural land use?11RESULTS & DISCUSSION12Cadusafos (62 sites) Butachlor (21 sites) Pendimethalin (21 sites)• Widely spread• Frequently used insecticide in banana industry• Slow degradation: DT50 = 215 d• Relatively mobile: S = 245 mg/L, KOC = 227 L/kg• Daule river• Mainly detections in rice field areas, and few near maize and cacao• Commonly used herbicide in cereal cultivation to control grassy weeds• Very immobile: S = 0.33 mg/L, KOC = 17,491 L/kg• Concentrated in rice field areas• Commonly used herbicide in cereal cultivation to control grassy weeds• Very immobile: S = 20 mg/L, KOC = 700 L/kg RESULTS & DISCUSSION13Fenpropimorph (15 sites) Malathion (12 sites) Pyrimethanil (11 sites)• Upstream region near maize and cacao, infiltrated with bananaplantations• Frequently used fungicide in cereal and banana industries• No physicochemical data• Widely spread• Broad-spectrum fungicide• No physicochemical data• Downstream region (Babahoyo river)• Broad-spectrum insecticide• Very fast degradation: DT50 = 0.4 d• Slightly mobile: S = 148 mg/L, KOC = 1,800 L/kg RESULTS & DISCUSSION• Pesticide residues agricultural land use• Banana and rice• High consumption rates• Application methods• Alternatives and solutions?• Ground-based spraying systems• Avoid monocultures (agroforestry)• Integrated Pest Management strategy (IPM)• Legal regulations + control• Awareness campaigns + training• Policy changes multinationals14renaturefoundation.nlecpa.euCONCLUSIONS• Pesticide residues widely present in Guayas river basin• No impact on biological diversity• Only water phase: other compartments?• Single time point: rainy season? Production cycles?• Frequently detected (>10 sites) were linked with agricultural land use• Banana and rice• High consumption rates + application methods• Alternatives: changing cultivation methods, awareness campaigns, training programs, regulatory measures, policy changes from multinationals15Arne DeknockDoctoral studentAQUATIC ECOLOGY (AECO)arne.deknock@ugent.bewww.ugent.beUniversiteit Gent@ugent@ugentGhent University

Distribution of agricultural pesticides in the freshwater environment of the Guayas river basin (Ecuador)

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8639019/file/8639020

Distribution of agricultural pesticides in the freshwater environment of the Guayas river basin (Ecuador)

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