The present paper investigates, using a multidisciplinary approach, the dynamic of the settlements in the mountains of Ouled Nail (Algeria) during the Holocene as an attempt to reveal an important historic phenomenon in connection with the expansion of the human establishment. Indeed, the archaeological researches led from 1939 to 1955 in North Africa support the Capsanisation movement where the excavated sites were dated back to the Upper Pleistocene and constitutes the most complete archaeological sequence known until today in the Atlas region.
The presented results will display the first systematic analysis of rock art, lithic industries and funeral monuments during the Capsien period which is supported by chronological, and palaeoenvironmental data. Today, using geomatics and analytical techniques such as GIS as well as and archaeological investigations, allow us to understand the settlement processes during prehistorical and protohistorical periods
