The learning concepts inventory（LCI）is an 81-item, self-report survey aimed to assess the fundamental concepts of learning. The LCI was administered to 147 Japanese female junior college students to evaluate how they have developed their personal learning styles as well as belief systems about learning. As overall results confirmed the preceding research conducted by Horino and Ichikawa （1993）, the present study focused on subjects who showed comparatively low level of motivation for learning. An individual subject（ −σ～2σaway from the mean according to seven out of 13 criteria of the Inventory） was identified and selected for a 60-minute in-depth individual interview. Results of both quantitative and qualitative analysis showed that the subject who appeared to be well-adjusted to the classroom was highly at-risk of academic hardship, lacked spontaneous learning styles, and needed for further support
