University of Split. University Department of Health Studies.
Abstract
Antenatalna zaštita je skup preventivno-kurativnih postupaka koji se provode za vrijeme trudnoće, s ciljem rađanja zdravog i živog djeteta te očuvanja majčinog zdravlja. Uključuje redovite liječničke preglede (bar jedanput mjesečno), pregled ultrazvukom (bar tri tijekom trudnoće), redovito mjerenje tjelesne mase, krvnog tlaka, bjelančevina u mokraći, planiranje prehrane trudnice i zdravstveno prosvjećivanje (6). Otkriva, proučava, sprječava i otklanja uzroke koji mogu ugroziti zdravlje i život majke i djeteta. Rana dijagnoza trudnoće se temelji na anamnezi, kliničkom pregledu, laboratorijskim pretragama i ultrazvučnom pregledu. Pregledi i nadzori napredovanja trudnoće obavljaju se do 28. tjedna u razmacima od mjesec dana, do 37. tjedna u razmacima od tri tjedna, a zatim jednom tjedno. Prvi ultrazvučni pregled u zdravih trudnoća treba učiniti do 12. tjedna trudnoće, drugi UZV pregled od 18. do 22. tjedna trudnoće, a treći od 32. do 34. tjedna trudnoće.
Da bi antenatalna zaštita bila potpuna, neizostavna je i antenatalna dijagnostika. U slučaju sumnje na kongenitalne anomalije trudnici se savjetuju određene metode antenatalne dijagnostike. Te metode mogu bit neinvazivne i invazivne.
Neinvazivne metode su: Dvostruki i trostruki test, nifty test, ultrazvku, amnioskopija, kardiotokografija.
Invazivne metode su: amniocenteza, biopsija korionskih resica, kordocenteza.Antenatal care is a set of preventive and curative procedures carried out during pregnancy, with the goal of having a healthy newborn and to preserve the mother's health. Includes regular medical check-ups (at least once a month), ultrasound (at least three during pregnancy), regular measurement of body weight, blood pressure, protein in the urine, planning nutrition and health education of pregnant women (6). Detects, study, prevent and eliminate the causes that could endanger the health and lives of mothers and children. Early diagnosis of pregnancy is based on history, clinical examination, laboratory tests and ultrasound. Views and controls the progression of pregnancy are performed until 28 weeks at intervals of once a month, to 37 weeks in intervals of every three weeks, then once a week. The first ultrasound in normal pregnancy needs to be done to the 12th week of pregnancy, a second ultrasound examination of 18 to 22 weeks of pregnancy, and the third 32 to 34 weeks of pregnancy.
Antenatal diagnosis is very important part of antenatal care. In the case of suspected congenital anomalies it needs to be done certain methods of antenatal diagnosis. These methods will be non-invasive and invasive.
Non-invasive methods are: Double and triple test, a nifty test, ultrasound, amnioscopy, cardiotocography.
Invasive methods are amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, cordocentesis
