The importance and role of bacteria Escherichia coli in biotechnology

Abstract

Biotehnologija, po definiciji, grana je znanosti koja se bavi primjenom organizama, njihovih dijelova ili metaboličkih produkta i/ili procesa u tehnološkim procedurama za proizvodnju ciljanih supstanci: molekula, ćelija, tkiva i organizama. Ključnu ulogu u biotehnologiji imaju mikroorganizmi, osobito Escherichia coli kao model organizam, čija građa i struktura su dobro istražene i opisane, jedan je od najčešće korištenih organizama u biotehnološkim procesima. Koristi ove bakterije nisu samo na području istraživačkog rada, već i u industrijskoj proizvodnji te za potrebe medicine i farmaceutske industrije, a danas se koristi za masovnu proizvodnju nekih od najkorištenijih biotehnoloških proizvoda kao što su inzulin i rekombinantni hormon rasta. Usprkos razvoju novih tehnika i otkrićima novih biotehnološki pogodnih mikroorganizama, E.coli je i dalje pri samom vrhu ljestvice najčešće korištenih organizama.In definitiion, biotechnology is a part of science whos main purpose is using microorganisms, their parts or metabolic products in technological procedures for making: molecules, cells, tissues and another organisms. The key role in biotechnology have microorganisms and especially E. coli as a model organism, whose structure is very well explored and described which makes it one of the most used organism in biotechnology. The use of this bacteria is not only in the field of clinical research but also in industrial production, medicine and farmacy. Today this bacteria plays the key role in production of some of today's most used biotechnological products such as insulin and Human growth hormone. Although today the advances in molecular techniques and discoveries of new microorganisms are on the rise, E. coli is still at the top of the scale as one of the most commonly used microorganism