Soil bank analysis of weed seeds at farm Lužnica d.o.o.

Abstract

Pojam „banka sjemena korova u tlu“ podrazumijeva svu količinu sjemena koja se nalazi u tlu i mjesto gdje se sjeme skuplja i ostaje do stvaranja povoljnih uvjeta za klijanje i nicanje. Poznavanjem sastava i količine sjemenki korova u banci sjemena može se predvidjeti buduća korovna flora na određenoj parceli i mogućnost planiranja, odnosno izrada strategije suzbijanja korova kao sastavni dio integrirane zaštite bilja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi banku sjemena korova u tlu na gospodarstvu Lužnica d.o.o., Zaprešić. Metoda utvrđivanja banke sjemena bila je ispiranje i prosijavanje tla s ciljem dobivanja sjemenki korova iz pojedinog uzorka tla. Uzorci tla su uzeti pedološkom sondom za uzorkovanje neporemećenog profila tla na sljedećim dubinama: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm i 30-40 cm. Uzorkovanje je obavljeno na pet mjesta na parceli prema “W“ shemi rasporeda. Daljnji proces analize banke sjemena obavljen je u laboratorijskim uvjetima u Zavodu za herbologiju. Metodom ispiranja uzoraka tla te determinacijom dobivenih korovnih sjemenki utvrđeno je da se banka sjemena korova na istraživanoj lokaciji sastoji od ukupno šest korovnih vrsta: Amaranthus retroflexus, Veronica persica, Sorghum halapense, Polygonum persicaria, Abutilon theophrasti i Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Najbrojnija korovna vrsta u banci sjemena je Amaranthus retroflexus koja je utvrđena na svim istraživanim dubinama. Ambrosia artemsiifolia nije utvrđena na dubinama 20-30 cm i 30-40 cm. Korovna flora na istraživanoj parceli, izuzev vrste Veronica persica, tipična je korovna flora okopavinskih kultura.The term “soil weed seed bank” defines all the quantity of the seeds that are found in soil and the place where the seeds are collected and where they remain until more favorable conditions for germination are occurred. Knowing the composition and quantity of the weed seeds in the seed bank, it is possible to predict future weed flora in the field and the possibility of planning or creating weed control strategy as a part of integrated weed management. The aim of this research was to determine the soil weed seed bank in soil of the farm Lužnica Ltd, Zaprešić. The seed bank method the was sieving of the soil in order to obtain weed seeds from each soil sample. The soil samples were taken with pedological sampling probe for undisturbed profile of the soil at the following depths: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm. The soil sampling was carried out at five places in the parcel according to "W" scheme of arrangement. Further analysis of the seed bank was performed in the laboratory of the Department of Weed Science. Results show that the soil weed seeds bank on the examined site consisted of six weed species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Veronica persica, Sorghum halapense, Polygonum persicaria, Abutilon theophrasti and Ambrosia artemisiifolia. The most common weed species in the seed bank was Amaranthus retroflexus which had been found in all examined depths. Ambrosia artemisiifolia has not been established at the depths of 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm. Weed flora in the examined field, except for species Veronica persica, represents typical weed flora of row crops