Measuring transducers - characteristics, application and signal processing

Abstract

Cilj ovog završnog rada je bio obraditi osobine mjernih pretvornika, njihovu primjenu i obradu signala. Mjerenja se provode u svim granama industrija te ovisno o potrebi koriste određene senzore. Mjerni pretvornike tj. senzore susrečemo u svakodnevnom životu od kučanstva(osjetilni senzor-lampa na dodir,dugme lifta), u automobilima (parkirni senzor,senzor temperature motora i rashladne tekućine,senzor brzine), sigurnosti (detektori metalnih predmeta, oružja i nagaznih mina),medicini itd. Trenutni razvoj senzora teži povećanju složenosti senzorskih sustava. Kombinacija veće fleksibilnosti i ekonomičnosti, omogučila je da se veliki sofisticirani sustavi za obranu signala svode na mikroelektronski čip.(pr. Pametni senzori imaju pretvorbu, pojačavanje signala, filtriranje i drugo obradu na jednom uređaju). Iz perspektive krajnjeg korisnika senzorski se sustav čini jednostavnijim čak i sa povećanom funkcionalnosšću i unutarnjom složenošću sustava. Razvijanjem senzora teži se dobiti što manje senzore te da su višefunkcionalni (ostvaruje se ugradjom mikroprocesora). Uz mogućnosti koje se pružaju upotrebom senzora moguće je jeftino i efikasno osmisliti donedavno nezamisliva rješenja.Aim of this final paper was to study the properties of measuring transducers, their application and signal processing. Measurements are made in all industries and use specific sensors depending on need. Measuring converters, ie. sensors are encountered in everyday life from household (sensitivity sensors for elevator button or touch lamp switch), in cars (parking sensor, engine and coolant temperature sensor, speed sensor), safety (detectors of metal objects, weapons and land mines), in medicine and so on. Current sensor development is tending toward increased complexity in sensor systems. Combination of higher flexibility and lower production cost, allows large and sophisticated signal processing systems to be reduced to a microelectronic chip (example- smart sensors have transduction, signal amplifaction, filtering, and other processing on a single substrate). From perspective of the end user sensor system now appears simpler even with its increased functionality and internal complexity. Developing sensors we want to get smaller dimensions with more functionality (its achieved by installing a microprocessor). With the capabilities provided by the use of sensors, it is possible to design inexpensive and efficiently sensors we couldn’t even think about