Ontogenia larval comparativa de duas esp?cies (Characiformes e Siluriformes) end?micas do rio S?o Francisco

Abstract

Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar histologicamente o desenvolvimento ontogen?tico de duas esp?cies de peixes end?micos da bacia do rio S?o Francisco, Prochilodus argenteus (curimat?-pacu) e Lophiosilurus alexandri (pacam?). As coletas para as an?lises histol?gicas foram realizadas a cada 24 horas a partir do momento da eclos?o at? o 14? dia p?s-eclos?o (DPE) para a observa??o do desenvolvimento larval e at? o 39? DPE para a observa??o do desenvolvimento gonadal. As larvas foram fixadas inteiras em solu??o de Bouin e as l?minas histol?gicas foram coradas pelo m?todo de Hematoxilina-Eosina. Larvas de pacam? exibiram um tamanho corporal maior em rela??o ?s larvas de curimat?-pacu desde a eclos?o. Larvas de pacam? apresentaram a abertura da boca e in?cio da pigmenta??o dos olhos no momento da eclos?o, enquanto que nas larvas de curimat?-pacu, esses eventos foram observados no 1? DPE. No curimat?-pacu a visualiza??o e a insufla??o da bexiga natat?ria ocorreram no 1? e 3? DPE, respectivamente, sendo esses eventos mais tardios no pacam?, com visualiza??o no 2? e insufla??o no 8? DPE. Os gr?nulos de vitelo foram absorvidos no 4? DPE pelo curimat?-pacu e no 10? DPE pelo pacam?. No 7? DPE, o tubo digest?rio do pacam? apresentou-se mais diferenciado em rela??o ao curimat?-pacu. O sistema digest?rio de ambas as esp?cies ao 14? DPE demonstraram caracter?sticas relacionadas aos seus respectivos h?bitos alimentares, com est?mago amplo e intestino curto no pacam?, t?picos de h?bito carn?voro; est?mago com fun??o mec?nica e intestino longo no curimat?-pacu, t?picos de h?bito detrit?voro. O tecido epitelial de revestimento, formado por uma ?nica camada de c?lulas nas larvas rec?m-eclodidas (0 DPE), apresentou diferencia??o ao longo dos dias, exibindo presen?a de escamas no curimat?-pacu e numerosas c?lulas ?club? na regi?o epitelial intermedi?ria do pacam?, em avalia??es realizadas ao 39? DPE. Analisando os indiv?duos com 39 DPE, verificou-se a presen?a de g?nadas indiferenciadas com c?lulas som?ticas e c?lulas germinativas primordiais que foram observadas realizando migra??o no sentido caudo-cranial desde o 1? DPE em ambas as esp?cies. P?de-se concluir que as altera??es anat?micas observadas durante a ontogenia de larvas P. argenteus e L. alexandri est?o diretamente relacionadas ao h?bito alimentar e ao comportamento inerente ? cada esp?cie, sendo uma detrit?vora que nada ativamente na coluna d??gua, e outra carn?vora que habita regi?es de fundo, respectivamente. Aos 39 dias p?s-eclos?o, em ambas as esp?cies n?o foram observados ind?cios histol?gicos de diferencia??o sexual.Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (BNB)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.The objective of this work was to compare histologically the ontogenetic development of two endemic species of fish from the S?o Francisco river basin, Prochilodus argenteus (curimat?-pacu) and Lophiosilurus alexandri (pacam?). The samples for the histological analyzes were performed every 24 hours since the moment of hatching until the 14th day post-hatching (DPH) for observation of the larval development and until the 39th DPH for the observation of gonadal development. The whole larvae were fixed in Bouin's solution and the histological slides were stained by the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Pacam? larvae exhibited a larger body size relative than the curimat?-pacu larvae since hatching. Pacam? larvae presented the mouth opening and pigmentation of eyes beginning at the time of hatching, whereas in curimat?-pacu larvae, these events were observed in the 1st DPH. The visualization and the inflation of the swim bladder in the curimat?-pacu, occurred in the 1st and 3rd DPH, respectively, being these events in the pacam? later, with visualization in the 2nd and insufflation in the 8th DPH. The yolk granules were absorbed in the 4th DPH by the curimat?-pacu and in the 10th DPE by the pacam?. In the 7th DPH, the pacam??s digestive tube was more differentiated than curimat?-pacu. The digestive system of both species at the 14th DPH has features of it eating habits the pacam?, with a broad stomach and a short intestine in the pacam?, typical of a carnivorous habit; stomach with a mechanical function and a long intestine in curimat?-pacu, typical of detritivorous habit. The epithelial lining tissue, formed by a single layer of cells in the newly hatched larvae (0 DPH), showed a differentiation throughout the days, exhibiting scales in curimat?-pacu and numerous club cells in the middle epithelial region of the pacam?, at evaluations carried at the 39th DPH. Analyzing the individuals with 39 DPH, the presence of undifferentiated gonads with somatic cells and primordial germinative cells were observed, which has a caudate-cranial migration since 1st DPH in both species. It was concluded that the anatomical alterations of the ontogeny of P. argenteus and L. alexandri larvae are directly associated to the feeding habit and the inherent behavior of each species, being these detritivorous that nothing actively in the column of water and carnivorous that inhabits bottom regions, respcectively. At the 39 day post-hatching, both species hasn't evidenced of sexual differentiation