Chastagner, G.A.

Eikemo, H.

Nielsen, Knud Nor

Perez-Sierra, A.

Pettersson, M.

Talgø, V.

Thomsen, Iben Margrete

English

Copenhagen University Research Information System

u n i ve r s i t y  o f  co pe n h ag e n  Københavns UniversitetClimatic conditions related to recent outbreaks of Neonectria neomacrospora on Abiesspp. in Europe and USATalgø, V.; Eikemo, H.; Thomsen, Iben Margrete; Chastagner, G.A.; Pettersson, M.; Nielsen,Knud Nor; Perez-Sierra, A.Publication date:2017Document versionPeer reviewed versionCitation for published version (APA):Talgø, V., Eikemo, H., Thomsen, I. M., Chastagner, G. A., Pettersson, M., Nielsen, K. N., & Perez-Sierra, A.(2017). Climatic conditions related to recent outbreaks of Neonectria neomacrospora on Abies spp. in Europeand USA. Poster session presented at Invasive forest pathogens & implications for biology & policy, NiagaraFalls, Ontario, Canada.Download date: 03. Feb. 2020nibio.no PO Box 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway+47 406 04 100Climatic conditions related to recent outbreaks of Neonectria neomacrosporaon Abies spp. in Europe and USA Neonectria canker Venche Talgø1, Håvard Eikemo1, Iben M. Thomsen2, Gary A. Chastagner3, Martin Pettersson4, Knud Nor Nielsen2 & Ana Perez-Sierra5Neonectria canker caused by the fungus Neonectrianeomacrospora (Fig. 1 and 2) has become a severe diseaseon true fir (Abies spp.) in Scandinavia, UK and isolatedlocations in western USA. The conidia are splash dispersedand may cause local infections within the same tree orneighbouring trees during wet periods. The ascospores areairborne and capable of spreading the fungus over longerdistances. The conidial stages of the fungus have been knownfor over 100 years, but no epidemics like those we haveexperienced during recent years were reported. Here wepresent climatic data (temperature and monthlyaccumulated precipitation) for the last 25 years from fivecountries where N. neomacrospora (N. n.) is causingdamage, two location per country (blue dots in Fig. 3 and 4and temperature and precipitation in Fig. 5-14).ConclusionSince we do not know the exact starting points of the N. n.epidemics, it is hard to determine what impact precipitationand temperature has on disease development. The bestdocumentation we have, is from Norway (Fig. 7, 8 and 15)where the photos in Fig. 16 were taken. During a 10 yearspan starting in 1996 (Fig. 15), precipitation was abovenormal from 1997-2000, and the temperature increased, twofactors that may have triggered the epidemic. In somelocations, such as southern Sweden, lack of inoculum may belimiting disease development. In January 2017, we visited anoble fir stand of 12 ha in southern Sweden (Skåne) whereno symptoms of N. n. were found.1Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P. O. Box 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway2Department of Geosciences and Nature Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark3Washington State University, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA 98371-4998, USA4Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 49, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden5Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UKFigure 2. Micro conidia (A), macro conidia (B), germinating ascospores (C), anda culture (D) of Neonectria neomacrospora. Photos: Jafar Razzaghian (A, B) andVenche Talgø (C, D)Figure 1. Symptoms and signs of Neonectria neomacrospora; dieback of white fir (Abies concolor) (A), resin flow on Nordmann fir (A. nordmanniana) (B), and perithecia (C) and mycelial growth (D) on subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa). Photos: Venche TalgøPettersson, M., Frampton, J., Rönnberg, J. & Talgø, V. 2016. NeonectriaCanker Found on Spruce and Fir in Swedish Christmas Tree Plantations. PlantHealth Progress17:202-205 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHP-BR-16-0017).Robak, H., 1951. Noen iagttagelser til belysning av forholdet mellomklimatiske skader og soppangrep på nåletrær. Meddr Vestland. forstl. ForsStn8: 1-43. (In Norwegian).Skulason, B., Hansen, O.K., Thomsen, I.M., Talgø, V. & Nielsen, U.B. 2017.Damage by Neonectria neomacrospora and Adelges piceae in provenancetrials of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in Denmark. Forest Pathology. DOI:10.1111/efp.12326.Nielsen, U.B., Xu, J., Nielsen, K.N., Talgø, V., Hansen, O.K. & Thomsen, I. M.2017. Species variation in susceptibility to the fungus Neonectrianeomacrospora in the genus Abies. Scandinavian Journal of Forest ResearchDOI:10.1080/02827581.2017.1287300.Figure 16. Subalpine fir (Abieslasiocarpa) in a remote foreststand in Breilandslia,Hjelmeland, Norway. The treeswere planted in 1967. In 1997they were completely healthy(left), but in 2007 trees weredead and dying fromNeonectria neomacrospora(right). Photos: Terje PundsnesDenmarkIn 2011, N. n. was found for the first time in Denmark onsubalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa) in a severely affectedprovenance trial. Later, it was found on different fir speciesin Danish Christmas tree fields, forest stands, seed orchards,and ornamental plantings where it had caused epidemicsand great losses. It was also found on Danish fir seeds and innurseries (Talgø and Thomsen, unpubl. data; Skulasson2016; Nielsen et al. 2017).NorwayIn June 2008, a severe disease outbreak caused by N. n. wasdiscovered on white fir (A. concolor) in several counties insouthern Norway. Later, it was isolated from seven more firspecies, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla) (Talgø et al., unpubl. data). The pathogen wasfirst found in Norway by Robak (1951).SwedenIn 2015, a disease survey was carried out at 21 SwedishChristmas tree farms to get an overview of damaging agents.N. n. was isolated from dead shoots of Nordmann fir (A.nordmanniana) on two farms (Borås). The fungus had notbeen reported from Sweden before (Pettersson et al. 2016).USAIn 2013, a survey for N. n. was carried out in the PacificNorthwest (Oregon, Washington and Idaho) on fir species.Typical symptoms and signs were found on sixteen hosts inwestern Washington and Oregon (Chastagner et al., unpubl.data).UKIn 2016, N. n. was isolatedfrom noble fir (A.procera) in a badlydamaged forest stand inValley, Wales (left andright). No N. n. was foundin Eskdalemuir. (Perez etal., unpubl. data).0500100015002000250002468101996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Hjelmeland, NorwayPrecipitation (mm) Temperature (°C)0246810121989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Temperature C°DenmarkSilkeborg Hørsholm Arboretum02040608010012019891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320152016Monthly precipitation (mm)DenmarkSilkeborg Hørsholm Arboretum050100150200250199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Monthly precipitation (mm)NorwayHjelmeland Apelsvoll02468101992199219931994199619961997199820002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Temperature C°NorwayHjelmeland Apelsvoll0501001501992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Monthly precipitation (mm)SwedenSkåne Borås02468101992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Temperature C°SwedenBorås Skåne024681012141992199319941995199619961997199820002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Temperature (°C)UKValley Eskdalemuir0501001502002501992199319941995199619961997199820002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Monthly precipitation (mm)UKValley Eskdalemuir02468101214161992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Temperature (°C)USAPortland Mt Rainier0501001502002503003504001992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Monthly precipitation (mm)USAPortland Mt RainierFigure 15. The black, horizontal line shows the 30-year normal precipitation(scale for temperature to the left and precipitation to the right).Figure 13.Figure 11.Figure 9.Figure 7.Figure 5. Figure 6.Figure 8.Figure 10.Figure 12.Figure 14.Figure 3.North-western USAFigure 4.UK and ScandinaviaPhotos: Ana Perez-Sierra

Climatic conditions related to recent outbreaks of <i>Neonectria neomacrospora</i> on <i>Abies</i> spp. in Europe and USA

https://curis.ku.dk/portal/files/190433957/Neonectria_neomacrospora_IUFRO_2017.pdf

Climatic conditions related to recent outbreaks of <i>Neonectria neomacrospora</i> on <i>Abies</i> spp. in Europe and USA

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