Sacande, Moctar

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u n i ve r s i t y  o f  co pe n h ag e n  Lannea microcarpa Engl.Sacande, MoctarPublished in:Seed LeafletPublication date:2007Document versionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordCitation for published version (APA):Sacande, M. (2007). Lannea microcarpa Engl. Seed Leaflet, (123).Download date: 23. Apr. 2021Forest & Landscape Denmark • Hørsholm Kongevej 11 • DK-2970 HørsholmEmail: SL-International@life.ku.dk • Website: www.SL.ku.dkSeed LeafLetLannea microcarpa engl. No. 123 September 2007taxonomy and nomenclaturefamily: AnacardiaceaeSynonyms: Lannea oleosa A. Chev., L. djalonica A. Chev.Vernacular/common names: Wild grapes. Local names: pegu (Bambara) and sabgha (Mooré, Burkina Faso), falfahi (Peulh).distribution and habitatLannea microcarpa is found in all the Sudanian zones of West Africa (approx. 900-1100 mm). The Northern limit of its habitat is the Sahelo-sudanian zone (500-900 mm) and the southern limit is the Guinean zone (>1100 mm). It prefers deep soil but can also with-stand uncultivated and lateritic soils. It is found in derived savannah and drier forest regrowth. In most places the species is not threatened.UsesThe fruits are edible and traded commercially. They are used for cooking and wine can be produced from fermented pulp. The bark is used for making cords. Pigments from the plant provide a source for natural dyes.Botanical descriptionThe tree grows up to 16 m. The bark is grey white with a spiral twist; it is smooth when the tree is young, becoming splintery with age. The slash is red. The leaves are comprised of 1-3 pairs of asymmetrical leaflets, plus the terminal one. The leaflets are ovate-lanceolate, obtuse and unequal at the base; they are 5.5-13 cm long and 2.7-4.5 cm wide. The new growth has short, close and simple hairs. The flowers are small, green yellowish with glabrous sepals. The flowers crowd at the end of the branches.fruit and seed descriptionfruit: The fruit is an ellipsoidal drupe of ca. 1 cm long, which becomes purple-black at maturity. The av-erage fresh fruit weighs ca. 1 g.Seed: The mean thousand seed weight is ca. 200 g. Whole seeds have ca. 22-28% initial moisture con-tent, while their embryos contain ca. 15-25% mois-ture. The mass ratio of seed coat to the whole seed is 0.369. The seed contains about 35 % oil. A branch of Lannea microcarpa with a bunch of green, red and purple-black fruits. Photo: M. Sacande.flowering and fruiting habitFlowering occurs in the dry season, before the new leaves grow. The fruit ripens at the beginning of the rainy season.HarvestThe harvesting time varies between localities; for ex-ample in Burkina Faso the optimal harvesting time is between May and June. Processing and handlingThe germination of the seeds is often reduced if the fruits are allowed to ferment; therefore, the fruits should be processed as soon as possible after harvest-ing. The fruits are soaked in water and immediately de-pulped, polished with sand to remove the meso-carp tissue and finally washed with water.Storage and viabilitySeeds are generally considered having ‘orthodox’ storage behaviour. Although the seed does exhibit considerable desiccation tolerance, ultra-desiccation to ca. 2% moisture content reduces the germination slightly. In MSBP the viability of the dry seeds was maintained during 8 months storage at 16ºC. Seeds with 5.3% moisture survived 3 days freezing at -20ºC. Seeds could be stored at 25°C for up to 14 months at 5.5 and 5.8% mean moisture content, while retaining Seedleaflets are a series of species wise extension leaflets for tropical forest species with special emphasis on seed technology. Leaflets are compiled from existing literature and research available at the time of writing. In order to currently improve recommendations, FLD encourage feedback from users and researchers who have experience with the species. Comments, corrections, improvements and amendments will be incorporated into future edited leaflets. Please write your comments to: SL-International@life.ku.dkabout one third of the initial germinability. Their vi-ability is lost during 1 month in open (ambient) stor-age. However, a reduction in viability of the seeds stored at -20°C, even at low (3-6%) moisture content suggests that seeds of L. microcarpa may exhibit ‘In-termediate’ (sensu Ellis et al. 1990) seed storage be-haviour. Seeds of this species have been stored in the MSB since 2002, with 100% viability. For short term storage the seeds can be stored with moist vermiculite or sawdust, ventilating to create aerobic conditions. After 16 days’ storage in moist vermiculite at 26°C seed had germination of 71% (initial germination be-fore storage was 57%). dormancy and pretreatmentNo pretreatment is required to germinate fresh seeds. However, the generally low germination responses are caused by the seed-coat imposed dormancy, not due to an impermeability of the endocarp to water. Scarification and pre-soaking seeds before germi-nation help improve their germination capacity. In MSBP seeds exhibited an increase in germination, from an initial value of 65%, to 90% after drying to 3-5% moisture content.Lannea microcarpa dry and clean seeds. Photo: H. Vautier.Sowing and germinationFresh seeds germinate readily when sown either on agar, sand or filter paper at a temperature between 25 and 35°C. The germination rate is maximum when the temperature is ca. 30°C. Selected readingsdaws, M.I., Gaméné, C.S., Sacandé, M., Pritchard, H.W., Groot, S.P.C. and Hoekstra, f. 2004. Desiccation and stor-age of Lannea microcarpa seeds from Burkina Faso. In: Sacande et al., (Eds.) Comparative storage biology of trop-ical tree seeds, IPGRI, Rome.ellis, R.H., Hong, t.d. and Roberts, e.H. 1990. An in-termediate category of seed storage behaviour? I. Coffee. Journal of Experimental Botany 41: 1167-1174.Seed Information database (SId). 2006. http://www.rb-gkew.org.uk/data/sid (release 7.0, October 2006).Neya, O. 2006. Conservation of tree seeds from tropical dry-lands. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, The Neth-erlands.THIS WAS PREPARED IN COLLABORATION WITH CENTRE NATIONAL DE SEMENCES FORESTIÈRES BURKINA FASO.Author: Moctar SacandeMillennium Seed Bank project  Phone: +44-1444 894100Wakehurst Place, Ardingly Fax: +44-1444 894110West Sussex  Email: msbsci@kew.orgRH17 6TN, UK Website: www.kew.org/msbp

<em>Lannea microcarpa</em> Engl.

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<em>Lannea microcarpa</em> Engl.

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