Breeden, Gregory K.

Brosnan, James T.

English

University of Tennessee, Knoxville: Trace

University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Commercial Horticulture UT Extension Publications 9-29-2011 W266 Ground Ivy Gregory K. Breeden James T. Brosnan Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_agexcomhort  Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, and the Horticulture Commons Recommended Citation "W266 Ground Ivy," Gregory K. Breeden and James T. Brosnan, W266 , https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_agexcomhort/39 The publications in this collection represent the historical publishing record of the UT Agricultural Experiment Station and do not necessarily reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information about UT Ag Research can be found at the UT Ag Research website. This Turf is brought to you for free and open access by the UT Extension Publications at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Commercial Horticulture by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact trace@utk.edu. W266Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)Gregory K. Breeden, Extension Specialist – Turfgrass Weed ScienceJames T. Brosnan, Ph.D., Assistant Professor – Turfgrass Weed SciencePlant SciencesIntroductionGround ivy or creeping charlie (Glechoma hederacea) is a perennial broadleaf weed of both warm- and cool-season turfgrass. Ground ivy infestations are a common problem in both residential and commercial lawns, and to a lesser degree on golf  courses and athletic fields. Ground ivy is commonly found in moist, shaded environments where turf is thin; however, it can also be found in areas of full sun. Control of ground ivy in warm- and cool-season turf can be challenging.Ground Ivy IdentificationGround ivy, often confused with members of the geranium (Geraniaceae) family, is a prostrate growing perennial that can form dense mats that often creep out of shady moist areas into areas of full sun (Figures 1 & 2). Leaves (approximately the size of a quarter) are kidney-shaped with a scalloped margin (Figure 3). Leaves are arranged opposite one another along stolons that root at the nodes, which can make physical removal (i.e., hand-weeding) difficult (Figure 4). Ground ivy is a member of the mint (Lamiaceae) family and has square stems. When the foliage is crushed, it emits a distinct odor. Ground ivy produces blue to purplish-colored flowers in spring that appear in clusters of three (Figure 5). Primary growth occurs during spring and fall, but ground ivy can be found throughout the growing season.Ground Ivy Control OptionsCultural PracticesThe best defense against any weed infestation is maintaining a dense, vigorous stand of turfgrass. Growing conditions that favor turf often discourage the growth of ground ivy. Decreasing shade and soil moisture will create an environment better suited for turfgrass growth and less conducive for ground ivy. Additionally, soil test regularly and apply nutrients Figure 1. Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) in a home lawn Figure 2. Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) mataccording to soil test recommendations. While cultural practices can be used to help discourage ground ivy infestations, they will not provide complete control. Herbicide applications will be required for complete eradication.Figure 3. Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) leaves Figure 4. Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) stolons Table 1. Postemergence herbicides for Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) controlHerbicide OptionsThere are no preemergence herbicides for control of ground ivy; sequential applications of postemergence herbicides are required to achieve effective control. Herbicides containing three or more phenoxy (or phenoxy-type) herbicides can be used to control 1.	 Product	Name	 Active	Ingredients	 Rate/ac	 Turf	Species2.	 Blindside	 metsulfuron	+	sulfentrazone	 3.25-10	oz.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Tall	Fescue,	Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass,			 	 	 	 Centipedegrass	3.	 Celsius	 thiencarbazone	+	iodosulfuron	+	dicamba	 2.5-3.75	oz.	 Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass,	Centipedegrass	4.	 Confront	 triclopyr	+	clopyralid	 1-2	pts.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial	Ryegrass,			 	 	 	 Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass,	Centipedegrass		5.	 Drive	XLR8	 quinclorac	 2	qts.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial	Ryegrass,			 	 	 	 Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass,	6.	 Escalade	II	 2,4-D	+	fluroxypyr	+	dicamba	 2-3	pts.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial	Ryegrass,			 	 	 	 Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass			 	 	 	7.	 Manor	 metsulfuron	 0.125-1	oz.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass,			 	 	 	 Centipedegrass	8.	 Millennium	Ultra	2	 2,4-D	+	clopyralid	+	dicamba	 2-3	pts.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial	Ryegrass,			 	 	 	 Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass	9.	 Momentum	fx2	 2,4-D	+	triclopyr	+	fluroxypyr	 3-4	pts.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial	Ryegrass,			 	 	 	 Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass,	Centipedegrass	10.	 Monument	 trifloxysulfuron	 0.53	oz.	 Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass	11.	 Onetime	 quinclorac	+	MCPP	+	dicamba	 64	oz.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial	Ryegrass,			 	 	 	 Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass,12.	13.	14.	 	Figure 5. Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) flowers15.	 Powerzone	 carfentrazone	+	MCPA	+	MCPP	+	dicamba	 2-4	pts.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial			 	 	 	 Ryegrass,	Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass	16.	 Q-4	 quinclorac	+	sulfentrazone	+	2,4-D	+	dicamba	 7-8	pts.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial			 	 	 	 Ryegrass,	Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass	(Dormant)	17.	 Solitare	 quinclorac	+	sulfentrazone	 16-32	oz.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial			 	 	 	 Ryegrass,	Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass,	Centipedegrass	18.	 Speedzone	 carfentrazone	+	2,4-D	+	MCPP	+	dicamba	 3-5	pts.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial			 	 	 	 Ryegrass,	Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass	19.	 Spotlight	 fluroxypyr	 0.67-2.5	pts.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial			 	 	 	 Ryegrass,	Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass,	Centipedegrass	20.	 SquareOne	 carfentrazone	+	quinclorac	 8-18	oz.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial			 	 	 	 Ryegrass,	Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass,	Centipedegrass	21.	 Surge	 sulfentrazone	+	2,4-D	+	MCPP	+	dicamba	 3-4	pts.	 Kentucky	Bluegrass,	Fine	Fescue,	Tall	Fescue,	Perennial			 	 	 	 Ryegrass,	Bermudagrass,	Zoysiagrass	22.	 Three-way	Selective,		 2,4-D	+	MCPP	+	dicamba	 Product-	 Product-Dependent23.	 Trimec	Classic,			 	 Dependent		 Trimec	Southern,			 Triplet,	Others	 	 	 	24.	 		 	 	ground ivy in established turf. Additionally, herbicides containing the active ingredients fluroxypyr, quinclorac or metsulfuron (alone and in mixtures) have performed well in research at the University of Tennessee. Fluroxypyr can be found in herbicides such as Spotlight® (fluroxypyr) and Escalade® (fluroxypyr, 2,4-D and MCPP), while quinclorac can be found in herbicides such as Drive XLR8® (quinclorac) and Solitare® (quinclorac and sulfentrazone). Metsulfuron 1.	 Product	Name	 							Active	Ingredients	 														Rate/ac											Turf	SpeciesTable 1. Postemergence herbicides for Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) control (continued)can be found in Manor® (metsulfuron) and Blindside® (metsulfuron and sulfentrazone). See Table 1 for a complete list of herbicides active against ground ivy. Again, sequential applications may be needed for complete control.Final ThoughtsGround ivy control in established turf can be difficult. Improving cultural practices and applying sequential applications of postemergence herbicides will often be required to provide effective control. Always refer to the product label for specific information on proper product use, tank-mix compatibility and turfgrass tolerance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. For more information on turfgrass weed control, visit the University of Tennessee’s turfgrass weed science website, http://tennesseeturfgrassweeds.org.W266   10/11   11-0158 Programs in agriculture and natural resources, 4-H youth development, family and consumer sciences, and resource development.University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture and county governments cooperating.UT Extension provides equal opportunities in programs and employment.

W266 Ground Ivy

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W266 Ground Ivy

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