A perda de peso durante o estádio pupal desenvolvido em diferentes plantas hospedeiras foi quase a mesma; mas a taxa de perda de peso diferiu de hospedeiro para hospedeiro. 0 número de ovos depositados pela mariposa foi diferente em hospedeiros diferentes. 0 número de ovos eclodidos também variou de hospedeiro para hospedeiro. Isto mostra que a fertilidade deste inseto foi afetada pela planta hospedeira. A taxa de peso corporal por dia durante o estágio pupal foi inversamente proporcional aos ovos subsequentemente eclodidos

Singh, Arun K.

Thipathi, S. R.

English

Cadernos Espinosanos (E-Journal)

Bolm Zool., Univ. S. Paulo 1 2:1 3 1—1 3 8, 1988 (1 9 9 2 )EFFECT OF WEIGHT LOSS DURING PUPAL STAGE ON THE HATCHING OFEGGS IN LEUCINODES ORBONALIS (GUEN) (PYRALIDAE:LEPIDOPTERA)S.R. TRIPATHI & ARUN K. SINGHEntomological Laboratory,Department of Zoology, University of Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, India. (Recebido em 30.I X 1988)RESUMO: A perda de peso durante o estádio pupal desenvolvido em diferentes plantas hospedeiras foi quase a mesma; mas a taxa de perda de peso diferiu de hospedeiro para hospedeiro. 0 número de ovos depositados pela mariposa foi diferente em hospedeiros diferentes. 0 número de ovos eclodidos também variou de hospedeiro para hospedeiro. Isto mostra que a fertilidade deste inseto foi afetada pela planta hospedeira. A taxa de peso corporal por dia durante o estágio pupal foi inversamente proporcional aos ovos subsequentemente eclodidos.ABSTRACT: Weight loss during the pupal stage in rearing on different host plants was almost the same; but the rate of weight loss differed from host to host. The number of eggs oviposited by the moth was different on different hosts. The number of eggs hatched also varied from host to host. This shows that the fertility of this insect was affected by the host plants. Rate of weight loss per day during the pupal stage was inversely proportional to the subsequent hatching of the eggs.INTRODUCTIONIt was observed earlier that phytophagous insects viz , Diaphania m d ica (PANDEY, 1974) exhibits the tendency of weight loss/day in pupal stage, which is inversely proportional to the hatching of eggs. Sufficient data on applicability of this relationship in other phytophagous insects is still lacking. The present investigation deals with the relationship between weight loss during pupal stage and the hatchability of eggs in Leucinodes orbonalis reared on different host plants.MATERIAL AND METHODSThe experiment was conducted under the laboratory conditions from November 1987 to January 1988 during which the temperature ranged from11 to 25<=,C and R. H. varied from 41 to 86’/.. The five food plants brinjal long violet, brinjal white long, brinjal round purple, tomato and potato were grown in separate plots. Tender and fresh food was used to rear the insects obtained from laboratory maintained on separate diets of the above food plants for one generation The study was conducted as follows:Weight gained by Larvae and weight loss during pupal stage. The experiment for each food plant consisted of three replicates, each with 20 larvae. The larvae were reared in small beakers covered by fine muslin cloth. They were provided with fresh food material twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, until pupation. Larvae were weighed everyday from third instar to the last day of the larval stage. Similarly, the weight of the pupae was also recorded until the date of emergence and the pupal duration was noted. Weight loss during pupal stage was calculated bydeducting the weight of the prepupa. The rate of weightloss/day during the pupal stage was calculated by dividing the total weight loss during pupal stage by dividing the total weight loss during pupal stage by respective pupal duration.Egg production and hatching of eggs. After emergence of the moths, the five pairs of moths of each food plants were selected and maintained with respective host tissue and accordian folded paper in a glass chimney whose top wascovered by muslin cloth. The moths were provided" with 20’/.sugar solution in cotton bolls. Total number of eggs laid by the female during her life time was recorded. Eggs obtained from the female were kept on moistened filter paper for eclosion When the eggs hatched, the percentage of hatching was recorded. The above records were obtained for females reared as larvae separately on five food plants.RESULTSWeight gained by larvae and weight lost during pupal stage. The results are summarised in Table 1 There is difference in the weight of the prepupa with respect to different food plants. It is minimum (88.0 mg) on potato butthe maximum (91 5 mg) on brinjal long violet Analysis of variance test detected the significant difference in the weight of the prepupa, in response to rearing on different food (P 0.05) On the basis of the weight of the prepupa, the food plants may be arranged as brinjal long violet, brinjal white long, brinjal round purple, tomato and potato. Weight loss during pupal stage is almost equal irrespective of difference in food plants but the rate of weight loss varied among different food plants.Egg production and hatching. The number of eggs laid by L. orbonalis differed mostly from food to food (Table 2) Hatching of the eggs also differed significantly from plant to plant. It was the highest (96*/.) on brinjal white long and the lowest on potato (88V.) None of the tested food plants induced cent per cent hatching of eggs. It varied from 88-96*/. in response to rearing on different food plants (P0.05) On the basis of percentage of hatehabi1ity, the host plants may be arranged as brinja 1-white long, brinjal long violet, brinjal round purple, tomato and potato.The data of the Table 1 show that the total weight loss during pupal stage is almost the same irrespective of the kind of food plants. This suggests that the weight loss during the pupal stage does not depend on the kind of which larvae were reared. The data of the Table 2 show that thehatching of eggs is independent of the weight loss duringpreceeding pupal stage. Coefficient of correlation betweenhatching and weight loss comes to -0.40; observed value of t(t=0.94) for the sample in hand is much less than the Tablevalue 2.20 at 11 degree of freedom. As such, the hypothesisthat hatchability of eggs is independent of weight loss during pupal stage is very well tennable. Fig. 1 also points the same.Table 1 also shows that the rate of weight loss (R) differed from host to host. Fig. 2 representing the hatching of the eggs (H) against reciprocal of the rate of weightloss (1/R) shows a line fit with non-zero slope and zero intercepts. This indicates the relation HR = k (H = hatchability of eggs, R = rate of weight loss during pupalstage and k = constant) The differential response of pupato the weight loss per day may be either due to variation in tne temperature and R. H. But, since all the experimental materials were subjected to similar variation in temperature and R.H., so the variation in temperature and R.H. can not be accounted to differentiate rate of weight loss in relation to host plants testedDISCUSSIONOur findings confirm the relation (HR = k) proposed by PANDEY (1974) in Diaphania indica. In L orbonalis also, the hatchability of eggs is inversely proportional to the rate of weight loss during the pupal stage. Evidently, the hatchability of eggs differs from plant to plant, because different plants induce different rates of weight loss during the pupal stage. PEPER AND HASTING (1943) have reported that the unsaturated fatty acid, Linoleic acid, is essential for normal growth and development In this insect also, this acid or other fatty acids may be essential for normal growth and development. The defficiency of this fatty acid, perhaps disturbs the normal rate of metabolism and therefore, depending on the extent of defficiency, the rate of weight loss during pupal stage in L . or bona 11 s differs from plant to plant. ROBERTSON AND SANG (1944) have reported that the variation in vitamin content of food induces the hatching of eggs. Therefore, in this insect it appears that the variation in the vitamin content is responsable for variation in weight loss when the insect is reared on different food plants. Further investigation which is in progress in our laboratory is likely to confirm this.Our results show that the fecundity and fertility is affected differently by different host plants. However, BRANSON AND ORMAN (1967) and DANIEL (1969) have reported that the fertility is not affected by alternate host plants.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe greatly appreciate Dr P- N. Pandey, Head, Department of Zoology, V.S. Mehta College of Science Bharwari, Allahabad for the critical comments on the MS which he has reviewed. We also thank Prof R. A. Agarwal, Head, Department of Zoology for the necessary facilities.REFERENCESBRANSON T.F & A.E. ORTMAN. 1967 Fertility of the Western corn root-worm reared on alternate hosts. J Eco. Entomol 60:595DANIELS, N.E. 1969. Alternate hosts of green bugs. J. Eco. Entomol 62:521PANDEY, P.N. 1974. Effects of weight loss during pupal stage on the hatching of their eggs in Diaphania indica- Zool Mag. 83:220-224PEPPER, J.H. & HASTINGS. 1943. Linoleic acid requirements:Loxostege. Montana State. Coll Pgni Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull 413:1-36ROBERTSON, F.W. & J.H. SANG. 1944. Nutrition and fecundity-Proc- Roy. Soc B. 132:258-290Table 1 Weight loss in Leucinodes stageorbonalis during pupalHost p 1 antWt . of prepupaWt . of pupa on last day of pupal stageAv.Wt. loss dur ing pupa 1 stageAvPupa 1 stage in daysAv . rate of Wt. loss per day in mgBr in j a 1 1 ong violet91 510.89 66.010.71 25.5 14.1010.64 1 .60Brinj al white 1 ong90.010.81 64.010.81 26.0 16.2010.90 1 .60Br in j a 1roundpurple89.810.87 62.1010.,81 27 7 16.6010.68 1 .66T omato 89-510.83 62.010.84 27.5 19.3010.65 1 .42Potato 88.010.81 62.510.83 25.5 21 . 411 .06 1 19Table 2 Fertility of Leucinodes orbonalis on foodsdifferentHost plants N® of eggs/ fema1eN® of '/.ofeggs that hatchabilityhatched of eggsBr inj a 1longviolet201 .0 1 13.32 195.0 1 13.44 95Br inj a 1 white 1 ong180.0 1 15.08 173.1 1 15.96 96Br in j a 1roundpurple169 .0 1 15.85 158.0 1 14.38 92T omato 110.0 1 17.15 98.0 1 11 .90 90Potato 85.4 1 10.54 76.0 1 7.19 88HATCHING OF EGGS(%WEIGHT LO SS DURING PUPAL STAGE (MG)Fig. 1: Relationship between hatching of eggs and totalweight loss during pupal stage; numbers indicate the serials of the food mentioned in the textHATCHING OF EGGS ( % )RECIPROCAL OF RATE OF WEIGHT LOSS DURING PUPAL STAGE (MG)Fig. 2. Relationship between hatching of eggs and rate of weight loss during pupal stage; numbers indicate serials of the food plants mentioned in the text

Effect of weight loss during pupal stage on the hatching of eggs in Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen) (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)

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Effect of weight loss during pupal stage on the hatching of eggs in Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen) (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)

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