Valenti, Vitor Engrácia

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– 137 -The recent use of heart rate variability for research Journal of Human Growth and Development, 2015; 25(2): 137-140THE RECENT USE OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY FOR RESEARCHVitor Engrácia Valenti1,2Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasivemethod that analysis cardiac autonomicregulation1,2.The use of this method was previouslyvalidated in physiological experiments3,4,whichperformed pharmacological stimulation of thesympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systemsand made relationship with the traditional time andfrequency domain analysis of HRV, confirming theuse of this method to evaluate cardiac autonomicregulation. Moreover, HRV has also been used topredict mortality after cardiacevents5 and it has beenconsidered as a marker of stress6.An easy and economic access to HRV analysisthrough heart rate monitors, which are wellrecognized in the literature7, 8 helped researches touse this method to evaluate cardiac autonomicregulation.In the last 15 years this method hasreceived great attention.After a careful search onPubmed/Medline, the term “heart rate variability”was present in 1,013 manuscripts in 2014, in 2013this number was 972 and in 2012 it was 7299. Werealize that each year the number of groups thatuse HRV in their studies has considerably increased.In this context, I raise points that are worthto mention. Firstly, advantages includeadditionalinformation for cardiac autonomic responses inpathological situations10-12, during physiologicalstress13,14, association with social function15 forinstance. It is currently clear that autonomic nervoussystem is related to several conditions.Nevertheless, before starting to study HRVanalysis,relevant details of this method should bediscussed in order to avoid misunderstanding ofresults. For example, HRV consider the intervalbetween consecutive heart beats2, reflectingparasympathetic and sympathetic cardiac autonomicmodulation, it does not directly measuressympathetic or parasympathetic activity. There aredifferent methods that quantify it, i.e. plasma levelsof norepinephrine and epinephrine16, renalsympathetic nerve activity17and parasympatheticnerve activity18.In 1996, the Task Force of the EuropeanSociety of Cardiology and the North American Societyof Pacing and Electrophysiology publishedmethodological considerations regarding traditionaltime and frequency domain analysis of HRV2. Thisseminal publication aimed to permit appropriatecomparisons.Since then, new methods related to thechaos theory applied on organic systems and heartrate dynamics has been investigated19.This year the European Society of Cardiologytogether with the European Heart RhythmAssociation and co-endorsed by the Asia Pacific HeartRhythm Society reviewed the literatureabovementioned in 199619. They addressed the useof non-conventional methods (nonlinear) which hadbeen used in a significant number of patients (morethan 200 cases) finding only 21 studies from thethousands already published. They described indetails nonlinear methods as Detrended fluctuationanalysis with á1 and á2 components, HurstExponent, Correlation Dimension and LargestLyapunov Exponent.In this sense, I take this opportunity toreinforce attention of researchers around the worldto keep being extremely careful when using HRV fortheir analysis. Important factors are necessary toconsider, such as sample frequency to use whendigitalizing the electrocardiogram, filtering records,caution with stationary data andwhether tointerpolate an electrocardiogram to enhanceaccuracy of R wave. Therefore, investigators aroundthe world will keep helping us to discover theunlimited mysteries of science.The current number of the Journal of HumanGrowth and Development is composed by a total of15 original manuscripts. The journal keeps1 Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências (UNESP) - Marília (SP), Brasil.2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, (UNESP) - Presidente Prudente (SP), Brasil.Corresponding author: Vitor Engrácia Valenti. E-mail: vitor.valenti@marilia.unesp.brSuggested citation: Valenti VE. The recent use of heart rate variability for research. Journal of Human Growth and Development.2015; 25(2): 137-140. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.102991Manuscript submitted: august 16 2015. Accepted for publication: august 23 2015.Journal of Human Growth and Development2015; 25(2): 137-140 EDITORIALDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.102991– 138 -The recent use of heart rate variability for research Journal of Human Growth and Development, 2015; 25(2): 137-140contributing to Scopus and 8 more database,including Lilacs and the Directory of Open AccessJournals.An elegant study performed by Alves20analyzed laboratory variables of cerebrospinal fluidin subjects with enterovirus meningitis. As a mainfinding, it was reported that cerebrospinal fluidprotein and glucose levels change according toage.In this line, Formiga and coworkers21 evaluatedthe global and motor development of preterminfants, with respect to the performance in thechronological age and corrected age for prematurity.The authors observed that in the first year of agerisks and problems can be overestimated.The importance of the first year of life issupported by Ferreira et al22, which performed aprospective cohort to describe the profile of growthin normal infants during the first year of life. Theauthors reported that children with normal birthweight showed appropriate growth, based on theWHO 2006, during the first year of life, and that ahigh birth weight tends to result in more increasedgrowth rate during the first year of life.In this context, the editorial board wish youan excellent read.REFERENCES1. Abreu LC. Heart rate variability as a functionalmarker of development. J Hum Growth Dev.2012; 22(3): 279-281.2. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiologyand the North American Society of Pacing andElectrophysiology. Heart rate variability:standards of measurement, physiologicalinterpretation and clinical use. Circulation.1996;93(5):1043-65. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.10433. Aubert AE, Ramaekers D, Beckers F, Breem R,Denef C, Van de WerfF, et al. The analysis ofheart rate variability in unrestrained rats.Validation of method and results. ComputMethods Programs Biomed. 1999; 60(3):197-213.4. Ramaekers D, Beckers F, Demeulemeester H,Aubert AE. Cardiovascular autonomic functionin conscious rats: a novel approach to facilitatestationary conditions. Ann NoninvasiveElectrocardiol. 2002;7(4):307-18.5. Buccelletti E, Gilardi E, Scaini E, Galiuto L,Persiani R, Biondi A, et al. Heart rate variabilityand myocardial infarction: systematic literaturereview and metanalysis. Eur Rev Med PharmacolSci. 2009;13(4):299-307.6. Berntson GG, Cacioppo JT, Grossman P. Whithervagal tone. Biol Psychol. 2007;74(2):295-300.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.08.0067. Vanderlei LC, Silva RA, Pastre CM, Azevedo FM,Godoy MF. Comparison of the Polar S810imonitor and the ECG for the analysis of heartrate variability in the time and frequencydomains. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2008; 41(10):854-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X20080050000398. Barbosa MPCR, Netto Júnior J, Cassemiro BM,Souza NM, Bernardo AFB, Silva AKF, et al.Impact of functional training on cardiacautonomic modulation, cardiopulmonaryparameters and quality of life in healthy women.ClinPhysiolFunct Imaging. 2015;29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cpf.122359. Voss A, Schroeder R, Heitmann A, Peters A, PerzS. Short-term heart rate variability—influenceof gender and age in healthy subjects. PLoSOne.2015;10(3):e0118308. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.011830810. Dias CJ, Azoubel LM, Costa HA, Maia EC,Rodrigues B, Silva-Filho AC, et al. Autonomicmodulation analysis in active and sedentarykidney transplanted recipients. Clin ExpPharmacol Physiol. 2015; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.1248111. Saito I, Hitsumoto S, Maruyama K, Nishida W,Eguchi E, Kato T, et al. Heart Rate Variability,Insulin Resistance, and Insulin Sensitivity inJapanese Adults: The Toon Health Study. JEpidemiol. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE2014025412. Liakos CI, Karpanou EA, Markou MI, Grassos CA,Vyssoulis GP. Correlation of 24-Hour BloodPressure and Heart Rate Variability to RenalFunction Parameters in Hypertensive Patients.The Effect of Smoking. J ClinHypertens(Greenwich). 2015.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jch.1264013. Moreno IL, Pastre CM, Ferreira C, Abreu LC, ValentiVE, Vanderlei LC. Effects of an isotonic beverageon autonomic regulation during and after exercise.JIntSoc Sports Nutr. 2013;10:2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-10-214. Roque AL, Valenti VE, Guida HL, Campos MF,Knap A, Vanderlei LC, et al. The effects ofdifferent styles of musical auditory stimulationon cardiac autonomic regulation in healthywomen. Noise Health. 2013;15(65):281-7. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.11352715. Gruber J, Mennin DS, Fields A, Purcell A, MurrayG. Heart Rate Variability as a Potential Indicatorof Positive Valence System Disturbance: A Proofof Concept Investigation. Int J Psychophysiol.2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.00516. Liao YT, Wang SM, Wang JR, Yu CK, Liu CC.Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Enhanced theInfectivity of Enterovirus 71. PLoS One.2015;10(8):e0135154. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013515417. Nakamura T, Tanida M, Niijima A, Hibino H, ShenJ, Nagai K. Auditory stimulation affects renalsympathetic nerve activity and blood pressurein rats. 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Formiga CKMR, Vieira MEB, Linhares MBM.Developmental assessment of infants bornpreterm: comparison between the chronologicaland corrected ages. J Hum Growth Dev.2015;25(2): 230-236. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd. 10302022. Ferreira PVA, Leal VS, Silva MMC, Mukai AO,Rodrigues CLS, Bertoli CJ, et al. Infant growthduring the first year of life. J Hum Growth Dev.2015; 25(2): 211-215. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd. 103017

THE RECENT USE OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY FOR RESEARCH

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THE RECENT USE OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY FOR RESEARCH

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