Diferencias raciales en incremento de peso en la ceba porcina no especializada

Abstract

Differences in swine weight gain depending on breed were studied under ordinary fattening conditions in Camagüey province from January 2005 to May 2006. Data were collected out of the fattening-cycle registers from 186 swine breeders. Assessed variables were fattening initial weight, final weight, and daily weight gain for Yorkshire, Landrace, Creole, Duroc, Hampshire, and Yorkland breeds. Initial weights were compared by a simple variance test, while final weights and daily weight gain comparisons were carried out through a covariance test, using the SYSTAT statistical software package for both tests. Landrace and Duroc breeds showed the lowest fattening initial weights. Significantly, Duroc breed decreased its initial weight by 10 kg compared to Yorkland breed 24 kg. Swine breeders’ criteria differed by the end of the fattening period due to several causes, such as swine food deficit, financial needs, and others. Final weights for Landrace, Hampshire, and Yorkland breeds reached values near to 90 kg; however, daily weight gain values were higher for Duroc breed, while the worst growing-finishing values were registered for Hampshire breed. A similar performance was detected in the other breeds.Se analizaron las diferencias raciales en el incremento del peso en la ceba porcina no especializada, en la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba, desde enero de 2005 hasta mayo de 2006. Se utilizaron los registros de los ciclos de ceba de 186 productores no especializados. Las variables obtenidas fueron peso inicial de la ceba, peso al final y ganancia en peso diaria para las razas: Yorkshire, Landrace, Criollo Cubano, Duroc Jersey, Hampshire y Yorkland. Se realizó análisis de varianza simple para comparar los pesos iniciales y análisis de covarianza para comparar los pesos finales y la ganancia en peso diaria, con auxilio del paquete estadístico SYSTAT. Las diferencias estadísticas fueron significativas (P < 0,05). Las razas que iniciaron la ceba con pesos más desfavorables fueron la Landrace y la Duroc; en el caso de esta última la diferencia alcanza 10 kg menos que los 24 de la Yorkland. Los criadores terminaron la ceba con diferentes criterios: por déficit de alimento, necesidades financieras, entre otros aspectos. Landrace, Hampshire y Yorkland finalizaron con pesos muy cercanos a los 90 kg; mientras que en la ganancia en peso

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