This study aims to determine the content and levels of Acesulfame K sweetener in unmarked beverages without labels prepared and sold by elementary school canteens in South Denpasar subdistrict. This research is a type of descriptive research that uses survey methods with simple random sampling techniques and experiments in the laboratory. The number of primary schools in South Denpasar District is 72 schools. The population in this study were 145 types of unmarked beverages without labels that were prepared and sold by elementary school canteens in South Denpasar District. The number of samples sampled are 110 samples from 145 existing populations. The parameters of artificial sweetener in this research were Acesulfame K which was tested by HPLC. The research data are presented in tables, graphs and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that of 110 samples containing 49 acesulfam K samples (44.55%) and acesulfam K levels all samples met the requirements in accordance with the maximum allowable limit referring to the Head of POM (National Agency of Drug and Food Control) RI Regulation Number 4 of 2014

Candra, I Putu

Rudianta, I Nyoman

Singapurwa, Ni Made Ayu Suardani

Sudiarta, I Wayan

Yunantariningsih, I Dewa Ayu Ketut

English

Ejournal Universitas Warmadewa

SEAS (Sustainable Environment Agricultural Science) E-ISSN 2614 – 0934 https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/seas Vol. 3, Number 1, April 2019, pages: 1 - 6 http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/seas.3.1.1329.1-6  Published: April 30th, 2019 Analysis of Acesulfame K Sweetener on Elementary School Student’s Snacks in South Denpasar Sub-district I Dewa Ayu Ketut Yunantariningsih, Ni Made Ayu Suardani Singapurwa*, I Wayan Sudiarta, I Nyoman Rudianta, I Putu Candra Study Program of Food and Technology Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Warmadewa, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to determine the content and levels of Acesulfame K sweetener in unmarked beverages without labels prepared and sold by elementary school canteens in South Denpasar subdistrict. This research is a type of descriptive research that uses survey methods with simple random sampling techniques and experiments in the laboratory. The number of primary schools in South Denpasar District is 72 schools. The population in this study were 145 types of unmarked beverages without labels that were prepared and sold by elementary school canteens in South Denpasar District. The number of samples sampled are 110 samples from 145 existing populations. The parameters of artificial sweetener in this research were Acesulfame K which was tested by HPLC. The research data are presented in tables, graphs and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that of 110 samples containing 49 acesulfam K samples (44.55%) and acesulfam K levels all samples met the requirements in accordance with the maximum allowable limit referring to the Head of POM (National Agency of Drug and Food Control) RI Regulation Number 4 of 2014. Keywords: Artificial sweetener; asesulfam K; hawker food Author Correspondence: Ni Made Ayu Suardani Singapurwa  Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Warmadewa, Indonesia E-mail: a.suardani@gmail.com 1. Introduction Hawker food is food or drinks that can be directly consumed that can be purchased from food vendors, both produced by the seller or produced by other people, without further processing (1) Snack food for school children is snacks that are sold in the school environment and routinely consumed by most school children. Food safety of snacks is still needed to get attention because of the use of illegal additives, the use of food additives exceeds permitted levels and the quality and safety of microbiological that does not meet the requirements (2).  According to (3), material added within food to influence the nature or form of food. One food additive that is often used is artificial sweeteners. Currently, there are still many uses of artificial sweeteners in a variety of foods and beverages that are sold freely with levels that exceed the threshold. These foods and drinks are generally preferred by children because they are combined with attractive colors and are formed as cold drinks. According to unit implementer of task (UPT), data from the South Denpasar Youth and Sports Education Office, South Denpasar District consists of 8 villages that consists of 72 elementary schools. Based on a preliminary survey of the types of snacks that sold by school, namely main foods such as packaged rice, fried rice, fried noodles, and snacks/snacks that have been licensed. Whereas drinks sold are packaged drinks that have been labeled with marketing license and unmarked beverages that are prepared and sold by school canteen traders such as syrup ice, tea and others. So that in this study focused on the type of drink without a brand or a label that is prepared and sold by the school canteen SEAS (Sustainable Environment Agricultural Science) © All Right Reserved Page 1 Analysis of Acesulfame K Sweetener on Elementary School Student’s Snacks in South Denpasar Sub-district trader. Based on the description above, the use of artificial sweeteners is still found to exceed the maximum allowable usage, consequently it will pose a risk to health for those who consume it. Therefore, research will be conducted on the analysis of the content of Acesulfame K sweetener in elementary school children's snacks in the District of South Denpasar. The purpose of this study is to determine the content of Acesulfame K artificial sweeteners in unmarked beverages without labels prepared and sold by traders in the elementary school canteen in South Denpasar District and to determine the levels of Acesulfame K sweeteners on unmarked beverages without labels prepared and sold by traders in elementary school canteens in South Denpasar Sub-district are eligible or not with the maximum allowable limit. 2. Materials and Methods Time and Location of Research The survey in this study was conducted in elementary schools in South Denpasar District. As for the testing of artificial sweeteners carried out at the Central Laboratory of POM (National Agency of Drug and Food Control) Chemistry in Denpasar. This research was conducted in January - July 2019. Experimental design This type of research is descriptive research. According to (4) that descriptive research is research that seeks to describe a phenomenon, event, event that is happening at the present time (5). This research uses survey and experimental methods in the laboratory. Population and Sample Determination of the population in this study was done by purposive sampling which is a drink without a brand without a label that is prepared and sold by traders in the primary school canteen in South Denpasar District. The population is 145 drinks from 72 elementary schools. The sample is the portion of the population to be studied or a portion of the number of characteristics possessed by the population (6). The determination of the school canteen sampled for sampling is done at random (simple random sampling). The sampling technique was carried out once for each trader in the school canteen. In one sample school canteen that is included in the sample criteria will be sampled entirely. Based on the Slovin Formula (7) namely the determination of the minimum number of samples to be examined with a defined margin of error of 5% (95% confidence level), the calculation is as follows:     Where n is the sample, N is the population and e is the margin of error (5%). With the Slovin formula, the minimum number of samples to be studied is 106 samples from 145 existing populations.  Research Implementation The study was divided into 4 stages: 1) a preliminary survey of elementary schools in South Denpasar Subdistrict to see the profile of snacks for school children sold in primary school canteens in South Denpasar Subdistrict 2) conducting sampling at randomly selected primary schools for sweetener SEAS (Sustainable Environment Agricultural Science) © All Right Reserved Page 2 Analysis of Acesulfame K Sweetener on Elementary School Student’s Snacks in South Denpasar Sub-district sampling according sample criteria 3) analysis of Acesulfame K in samples by HPLC  (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) in the laboratory, 4) data processing. Data Analysis The data were analyzed descriptively accompanied by discussion and conclusions. The results obtained are presented in tabular form with narration. The results of the study will refer to (8) on the Maximum Limit of Using Sweetener Additives. 3. Results and Discussion Results of Acesulfame K Content Test  Based on the sampling results, obtained 110 minimum samples in accordance with sample criteria which is including 51 colored drinks (46%), 36 ice lollies samples (33%), 16 tea drinks samples (14%), mixed ice 3 samples (3%), and other beverages 4 samples (4%). The results of the analysis of artificial sweeteners of Acesulfame K in the sample can be seen in Table 1 to Table 5. SEAS (Sustainable Environment Agricultural Science) © All Right Reserved Page 3 Table 1. Results of Artificial Sweeteners Test in Colored Drinks  School Code Colored Drinks Level of Acesulfame K (mg/kg) Maximum Limit B, F, G, Y, CC, Q, T, V Chocolate  Undetected   D Chocolate 29.09   I Chocolate 168.14   M Chocolate 53.12   AA Chocolate1 257.05  600 mg/kg AA Chocolate2 80.56   BB Chocolate 249.03   P Chocolate 172.76   A Green 26.92   C, Z, FF Green Undetected   N Green 11.28 600 mg/kg Y Green 31.50   AA Green 45.17   BB Green 204.44   S Green 88.42   V Green 93.45   Code of School Colored Drinks Level of Acesulfame K (mg/kg) Maximum Limit O Red 32.28   AA Red 189.54   600 mg/kg C, M, FF Yellow Undetected   N Yellow 29.95  600 mg/kg H, Q, V White 110.16   M White 54.48 600 mg/kg H Orange 140.19   AA Orange 61.47  600 mg/kg FF Orange Undetected   AA Purple 177.26   BB Purple 220.20  600 mg/kg CC Purple 94.87   F Blue 18.43   I Blue 150.19  600 mg/kg CC Blue 86.16   Containing of Acesulfam K Does not contain Acesulfam K 27 sample 24 sample Total sampel:51 Qualify  51 sample (100%) Analysis of Acesulfame K Sweetener on Elementary School Student’s Snacks in South Denpasar Sub-district SEAS (Sustainable Environment Agricultural Science) © All Right Reserved Page 4 Table 2. Results of Sweetener Test on Ice Lolly  Table 3. Results of Sweeteners on Tea Drink  Analysis of Acesulfame K Sweetener on Elementary School Student’s Snacks in South Denpasar Sub-district SEAS (Sustainable Environment Agricultural Science) © All Right Reserved Page 5 Table 4. Results sweetener Test on Mixed fruit ice dessert  Table 5 Test Results on other Beverages Acesulfame K Table 1 shows the results of the Acesulfame K sweetener in 51 colored beverage samples. Based on quantitative test results, there were 24 samples that did not contain Acesulfame K (not detected) and 27 samples contained Acesulfame K with the smallest levels of 11.28 mg / kg, which were found in the largest green drinks 257.05 mg / kg in brown drinks. The level of Acesulfame K in the sample fulfills the requirements that is not to exceed the maximum allowable limit of 600 mg / kg. Table 2 shows the results of the Acesulfame K sweetener in 36 ice wax samples. Based on the results of quantitative tests there were 21 samples that did not contain Acesulfame K (not detected) and 15 samples contained Acesulfame K with the lowest levels of 60.55 mg / kg found in chocolate ice wax and the largest content of 308.55 mg / kg in white ice wax. The levels of Acesulfame K in the ice pops are all met the requirements, namely not to exceed the maximum allowable limit of 500 mg / kg for ice popsicles.  Table 3 shows the results of the Acesulfame K sweetener in 16 tea drink samples. Based on quantitative test results, there were 9 samples that did not contain Acesulfame K (not detected) and 7 samples contained Acesulfame K with the smallest level of 76.52 mg / kg and the largest concentration of 170.87 mg / kg. The level of Acesulfame K fulfills the requirement that it does not exceed the maximum allowable limit of 600 mg / kg. Table 4 shows the results of the Acesulfame K sweetener in 3 mixed ice samples. Based on the quantitative test results, the three mixed ice samples did not contain Acesulfame K (not detected). This shows that the three samples of mixed ice meet the maximum allowable limit for acesulfame K in mixed ice which is 600 mg / kg. Table 5 shows the results of Acesulfame K sweetener in 4 beverage samples. Percentage of Acesulfame K test results can be seen in graph 1. Based on the test results of the four samples do not contain Acesulfame K (not detected). This means that the Acesulfame K content in the sample meets the maximum allowable limit for drinks which is 600 mg / kg. Several studies have shown that acesulfam-K is indigestible, non-glycemic and non-carcinogenic, safe for human consumption as artificial sweetener with ADI as much as 15 mg / kg Analysis of Acesulfame K Sweetener on Elementary School Student’s Snacks in South Denpasar Sub-district SEAS (Sustainable Environment Agricultural Science) © All Right Reserved Page 6 body weight (9). 4. Conclusion Based on the results of laboratory tests of 110 test samples containing 49 acesulfam K samples (44.55%) and did not contain 61 acesulfam K samples (55.45%). The level of artificial sweetener in 110 beverage samples obtained the results for the levels of Acesulfame K, all of them still meet the maximum allowable limits. References 1 Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman Keamanan Pangan di Sekolah Dasar. Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Bina Gizi dan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2011.  2 Indonesia BPO dan MR. Keamanan Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah [Internet]. 2006. Available from: https://www.pom.go.id/mobile/index.php/view/berita/146/keamanan-pangan-jajanan-anak-sekolah--PJAS-.html. 3 Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 033 tentang Bahan Tambahan Pangan. Jakarta; 2012.  4 Sudjana N, Ibrahim. Penelitian dan Penilaian Pendidikan. Bandung: Sinar Baru Algensindo; 2007. 5 Arikunto S. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2002. 6 Hidayat DN. Paradigma dan Metodologi Penelitian Sosial Empirik Klasik. Jakarta: Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia; 2003. 7 Husein U. Metode Riset Bisnis. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama; 2005. 8 Peraturan Kepala Badan POM RI Nomor 4 tentang Batas Maksimum Penggunaan Bahan Tambahan Pangan Pemanis. 2014.  9 Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik. Mengenal Penggunaan Asesulfam K Pada Pangan [Internet]. 2016. Available from: ik.pom.go.id/v2016/artikel-keracunan. 

Analysis of Acesulfame K Sweetener on Elementary School Student’s Snacks in South Denpasar Sub-district

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Analysis of Acesulfame K Sweetener on Elementary School Student’s Snacks in South Denpasar Sub-district

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