The purpose of this study was to investigate the

relationship between risk management and relevant safety

practices of school administrators of 28 primary and

secondary schools in the town of Sungai Siput (U), Perak.

The factors considered in this study were the independent variables: Risk Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control and the personal characteristics of the school administrators: gender, age, service category (educational level), years of service and race. A questionnaire was developed to measure the relevant safety practices of the school administrator and its measurement is known as Risk Management Practice. The study conducted show that 64.28 percent of the school administrators carried out regularly risk management practices in their respective schools.

The findings of this study show that Risk Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control are significantly related to Risk Management Practice. The personal characteristics of the school administrators do not appear to be significantly related to Risk Management Practice

Chan, Weng Kwai

English

Universiti Utara Malaysia: UUM eTheses

S C H O O L  RISK  MANAGEMENT  PRACTICE:A P I L O T  S T U D YA Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Universiti Utara Malaysiain Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ofMaster of Science (Management)C H A N  W E N G  K W A IUNIVERSTTI UTARA MALAYSIAMARCH 1996Copyright (c) 1996 by Chan Weng Kwai. All rights reserved.P E R M I S S I O N  T O  U S EIn presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for a Post Graduate Degree fromUniversiti Utara Malaysia, I agree that the UniversityLibrary may make it freely available for inspection. Ifurther agree that permission for copying of this thesisin any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarlypurposes may be granted by my supervisor(s) or, in theirabsence, by the Dean of the Graduate School where I didmy thesis. It is understood that any copying orpublication or use of this thesis or parts thereof forfinancial gain shall not be allowed without my writtenpermission. It is also understood that due recognitionshall be given to me and to Universiti Utara Malaysia forany scholarly use from any material in my thesis.Requests for permission to copy or to make other useof materials in this thesis in whole or in part, shouldbe addressed to:Dean of Graduate SchoolUniversiti Utara Malaysia06010 SintokKedah Darul Aman(UTujuan kajian ini ialah untuk menyiasat perhubungandi antara pengurusan risiko dan amalan-amalankeselamatan yang relevan oleh 28 orang pentadbir sekolahrendah dan menengah di bandar, Sungai Siput (U), Perak.Faktor-faktor yang ditimbangkan dalam kajian iniadalah pembolehubah bebas: Pengenalan Risiko, PenilaianRisiko, dan Pengawalan Risiko, dan sifat-sifat peribadipentadbir sekolah: jantina, umur, kategori perkhidmatan(paras  pendidikan), tahun dalam perkhidmatan dan bangsa.Suatu soalselidik telah dicipta untuk mengukur amalankeselamatan relevan oleh pentadbir sekolah danpengukurannya dikenali sebagai Amalan Pengurusan Risiko.Kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa 64.28 peratuspentadbir sekolah sentiasa mengamalkan pengurusan risikoHasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawaRisiko, Penilaian Ris iko, dan Pengawalan Rberhubung secara signifikan dengan AmalanPengenalanisiko adalahPengurusanRisiko. Sifat-sifat peribadi pentadbir sekolah tidakmenunjukkan sokongan terhadap hubungkait signifikandengan Amalan Pengurusan Risiko.di sekolah masing-masing.(ii)ABSTItACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate therelationship between risk management and relevant safetypractices of school administrators of 28 primary andsecondary schools in the town of Sungai Siput (U), Perak.The factors considered in this study were theindependent variables: Risk Identification, RiskAssessment and Risk Control and the personalcharacteristics of the school administrators: gender,age, service category (educational level), years ofservice and race.A questionnaire was developed to measure the relevantsafety practices of the school administrator and itsmeasurement is known as Risk Management Practice. Thestudy conducted show that 64.28 percent of the schooladministrators carried out regularly risk managementpractices in their respective schools.The findings of this study show that RiskIdentification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control aresignificantly related to Risk Management Practice. Thepersonal characteristics of the school administrators donot appear to be significantly related to Risk ManagementPractice.(iii)ACKNOWZEDGMENTSI am indebted to my supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. AdelYaseen, for his invaluable insight, professionaladvice, encouragement, scholarly guidance and easyavailability in the completion of the thesis; and to Mr.Nasruddin Zainudin for his commitment in reading thethesis.I am especially grateful to Assoc. Prof. Dr. IbrahimAbdul-Hamid, the Dean of the Graduate School, Universitil-tara  Malaysia, for his consideration, understandingand continued support.My sincere appreciation is also extended to theDirector of Institute Aminuddin Baki, Genting Highlands,Dr. Ibrahim Ahmad Bajunid; Directors of EducationalPlanning and Research Division and Perak EducationDepartment; Principals and Headmasters of the schoolswho participated in this study; and to all thoseunmentioned who have helped me in their own special ways.Finally, my greatest appreciation goes to members ofmy family: to my wife, Chen Chiu Hiong for her constantencouragement, sacrifices and assistance: my children,Kelvin and Shereen for their patience and understanding.Their love and care have mitigated much of the toil andpain in completing the thesis.TARLE  O F  C O N T E N T SPermission to useAbstrak (Abstract in Bahasa Malaysia)AbstractAcknowledgementsTable of ContentsList of TablesList of FiguresCHAPTER 11.0 Introduction1.1 Background of the Study1.2 Purpose of the Study1.3 Research Problem1.4 Research Questions1.5 Research Hypotheses1.6 Significance of the Study1.7 Limitations of the StudyCHAPTER 2LTTERATLJRE REVIEW AND RELATED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK2 . 0 Introduction2.0.1 Rationale of Risk Management2.1 Literature Review2.1.1 School EnvironmentiiiiiiivVixxi11556791011111515(VI2.1.2 The causes of accidents and ill-health 182.1.3 Damage to property 202.1.4 Factors causing fire in classrooms 242.1.5 Other risks in schools 252.1.6 Loss of revenue 262.1.7 Legal framework 272.1.8 Risk awareness 312.2 Related Conceptual Framework 362.2.1 Risk Management Cycle 362.2.2 The Research Model 412.2.3 Operational Definitions 42CHAPTER 3RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY3.03.13.23.33.43.53.5.13.5.23.63.7IntroductionType of StudyUnit of AnalysisPopulationSample and sampling techniqueData collection techniquesThe InstrumentPilot testAdministration of Questionnaire andcollection of dataData analysis techniques46464748484848626565CHAPTER 4PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS4.04.14.24.34.3.14.3.24.44.4.14.4.24.54.5.14.5.24.5.34.5.44.5.5IntroductionResearch HypothesesMajor FindingsAnalysis and discussion of findings67677174Distribution characteristics of RiskManagement Practice 74Distribution characteristics of RiskManagement Profile 79Analysis of Risk Management Practice,Risk Identification, Risk Assessmentand Risk Control a4Multiple Regression Analysis of RiskManagement Practice with RiskIdentification, Risk Assessment andRisk Control a4Individual correlation of RiskIdentification, Risk Assessment andRisk Control with Risk ManagementPractice 88Risk Management Practice and personalcharacteristics of the schooladministrator 92Multiple Regression Analysis of RiskManagement Practice with age, servicecategory, years of service and raceRisk Management Practice and ageRisk Management Practice and servicecategory929597Risk Management Practice and years ofservice 99Risk Management Practice and race 101(vii)CHAPTER 5SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.0 Introduction 1035.1 Summary 1035.2 Major Findings 1035.3 Conclusions 1055.4 Recommendations 106BIBLIOGRAPHYAPPENDICESAppendix A 1 - A 20Appendix B 1 - B 5Appendix CAppendix DAppendix EAppendix FAppendix GAppendix H108112132137139147148149151VITA 152(viii)LIST  O F  T A B L E STable 2.1Table 2.2Table 2.3Table 3.1Table 3.2Table 3.3Table 3.4Table 3.5Table 3.6Table 3.7Table 3.8Table 4.1Table 4.2Table 4.3Analysis of fire by building type:Dee 1990 - Nov 1991Analysis of fire by cause:Dee 1990 - Nov 1991Analysis of fire disasters in MalaysiaItems on Risk IdentificationItem Statements on Risk IdentificationItems on Risk AssessmentItem Statements on Risk AssessmentItems on Risk ControlItem Statements on Risk ControlAnalysis of reliability of items forpilot test21222452535556585964Statistical tools used in data analysis 66Summary statistics for Risk ManagementPracticeStem-and-leaf plot of Risk ManagementPracticeCumulative scores of the RiskManagement Questionnaire767679Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.6Table 4.7Table 4.8Table 4.9Table 4.10Table 4.11Table 4.12Table 4.13Table 4.14Classification of Different Levelsof Awareness of Risk ManagementNumber of school administrators atthe different levels of Awarenessof Risk Management Profile8 081Summary Statistics for differentLevels of Awareness of RiskManagement Profile of schooladministrators 82Stem-and-leaf plot of different Levelsof Awareness of Risk ManagementProfile of school administrators 8 3Regression coefficients for RiskManagement Practice with RiskIdentification, Risk Assessmentand Risk ControlCorrelation coefficients for RiskManagement Practice with RiskIdentification, Risk Assessmentand Risk Controla 5s oRegression coefficients for RiskManagement Practice with age,service category, years of service,and race of the school administrator 94Analysis of variance (ANOVA)  of agewith Risk Management Practice 9 6Analysis of variance (ANOVA)  ofservice category (educational level)with Risk Management Practice 9 8Analysis of variance (ANOVA)  of periodof service with Risk ManagementPractice 100Analysis of variance (ANOVA)  of racewith Risk Management Practice 102(xlFigure 2.1Figure 2.2Figure 2.3Figure 4.1 Histogram of Risk Management Practice 77Figure 4.2 Boxplot for Risk Management Practice 77Figure 4.3 Histogram indicating different Levelsof Awareness of Risk Management Profile 83Figure 4.4 Scatterplot of Risk Management Practicevs Risk IdentificationFigure 4.5 Scatterplot of Risk Management Practicevs Risk Assessment9091Figure 4.6 Scatterplot of Risk Management Practicevs Risk Control 91The Risk Management Cycle And ItsDimensionsTheoretical model framework for RiskManagement Practice in schools showingthe relationship between RiskIdentification, Risk Assessment andRisk Control and personalcharacteristics of the schooladministratorOperationalization framework of RiskManagement Practice, RiskIdentification, Risk Assessmentand Risk Control404145(xi)C H A P T E R 11.0 IntroductionThis chapter describes the background and purpose ofthe study: research problems, questions and hypotheses:and significance of the study.1.1 Background of the studyA working definition of Risk Management given byGordon et al, (1994) of The Chartered Institute ofInsurance, London is as follows:The identification, analysis and economiccontrol of those risks which can threaten the assets orearning capacity of an enterprise.Risk Management is a management area in which manymanagers, principals and headmasters are unaware ofi.e., possibly due to the limited knowledge of what it isor through hearsay only.As educational institutions, be it a primary orsecondary school, we are more likely than any type oforganization to be involved in a major fire and we have1The contents of the thesis is for internal user only CROSS, Jonathan P., and FIREK, G.I., (1995). 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School Risk Management Practice: A Pilot Study

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School Risk Management Practice: A Pilot Study

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Universiti Utara Malaysia: UUM eTheses