This research is based on the athletic ability and physical fitness tests conducted on freshmen students who entered college in 1986. The students were classified according to their Hb values, and from this, the following conclusions were drawn. The Hb value groups are as follows : I) By 12.0g/dl Group N : normal value group (Hb≧12.0g/dl) Group A : lower value group (Hb<12.0g/dl) II) By average value and standard deviation Group 1 : Hb<12.57 Group 2 : 12.57≦Hb<13.24 Group 3 : 13.24≦Hb<13.92 Group 4 : 13.92≦Hb 1) Athletic ability was below the national average on all three tests, but especially noticeable in the endurance running test. 2) Of the physical fitness tests, agilty, muscular strength, endurance and flexibility were lower than the national average. 3) Of the physical fitness test, muscular power was, although minimal, above the national average. 4) The frequency of anemia was 10.5%, which shows a decrease compared to the past tests. 5) From the athletic ability tests and the physical fitness tests conducted on one group of healthy students and another of anemic students, the healthy group scored better in vertical jump, but no significant differense could be observed in other parts of the test. The most important point in developing health activities is to suitably take up and deal with the mental or physical complaints of the student concerned. Anemia is apt to be overlooked and left as it is, if it is not so serious. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a system for health control in which students get not only the results of the health check-ups but also an appropriate guidance based on their actual daily life environment. Although it cannot be concluded from this survey that anemia causes decline of athletic ability, it is true that there is an increasing number of freshmen who are weak in physical strength. We believe that the time has come to reconsider physical education and its goals
