Jacoby, Jeanne L, MD

Juarbe, Ainslee, MS4

English

Lehigh Valley Health Network: LVHN Scholarly Works

Lehigh Valley Health NetworkLVHN Scholarly WorksUSF-LVHN SELECTEmpathy, Burnout, and Emotional Intelligence inIncoming USF Pharmacy and Medical StudentsAinslee Juarbe MS4USF MCOM- LVHN CampusJeanne L. Jacoby MDLehigh Valley Health Network, Jeanne_L.Jacoby@lvhn.orgFollow this and additional works at: https://scholarlyworks.lvhn.org/select-programPart of the Medical Education CommonsThis Poster is brought to you for free and open access by LVHN Scholarly Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in LVHN Scholarly Works by anauthorized administrator. For more information, please contact LibraryServices@lvhn.org.Published In/Presented AtJuarbe, A. Jacoby, J. (2018, March). Empathy, Burnout, and Emotional Intelligence in Incoming USF Pharmacy and Medical Students.Poster Presented at: 2018 SELECT Capstone Posters and Presentations Day. Kasych Family Pavilon, Lehigh Valley Health Network,Allentown, PA.© 2018 Lehigh Valley Health NetworkLehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, Pennsylvania• Empathy, burnout, and EI states of USF pharmacy and medical students match those of students at other institutions.• Studies show incoming students have the highest levels of empathy and lowest levels of burnout, though they tend to decline throughout years of schooling. • This research will serve as a baseline for studying the progression of empathy, burnout, and EI for this class of medical and pharmacy students at USF throughout their years of training. • Hopefully, results from this study provide administrative faculty from the USF College of Pharmacy and MCOM with data that will encourage change for promotion of wellness within the curriculum.Empathy, Burnout, and Emotional Intelligence in Incoming USF Pharmacy and Medical StudentsREFERENCES• Empathy levels for USF pharmacy students are higher, at 112, than have been shown in other studies, at 110, yet are significantly lower than those of the medical students• The Core and SELECT medical students’ average levels of empathy match those of first year students in other similar studies (range: 115-123) • With respect to gender, similar patterns seen for pharm/medical students and practicing physicians levels of empathy• High levels of PE at the beginning of their graduate medical education• About 1/3 of each of the classes meet two of the three domain classifications for burnout• Further research could be done to explore whether high PE serves as a protective factor against burnout for students during graduate healthcare education• Curriculum changes at other schools includes: Patient experience simulation, Promotion of volunteerism• Attenuation in self-serving behavior and medical authoritarianism The JSE, MBI, and ESCI are tools widely used to measure empathy, burnout, and EI, respectively. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, medical student version (JSPE-MS) is a 20-question survey used to measure empathy, scored on a scale from 20-140. Higher scores on the JSE connote higher levels of empathy. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) is a 16-question survey, designed to measure burnout in students through analysis of three separate domains. The ESCI is a 72-question survey tool that assesses and measures emotional and social behaviors of its respondents through analysis of 12 competencies. An additional 11 demographic questions were added to the survey and were assessed to determine any potential correlation between empathy, burnout, and/or EI. Surveys were disseminated to all incoming USF medical and pharmacy students (N=274) using an anonymous, de-identified email link to a secure survey platform. Students were assigned two or more of the surveys to complete. Using Excel, correlational analyses and analysis of variance were used to examine relationships and group differences between the pharmacy, and Core and SELECT medical classes.ESCI Competency Pharmacy CoreOrganizational Awareness 4.24 3.98Conflict Management3.44 3.81Inspirational Leadership 3.93 3.70BackgroundMethodsResults DiscussionConclusions1. Tsang, M. (2013). The Importance of Empathy—As I Have Studied and Experienced It. Hawai’i Journal of Medicine & Public Health, 72(9 Suppl 4), 79–80.2. Chew BH, Zain AM, Hassan F. (2013). Emotional intelligence and academic performance in first and final year medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education. 13(44). doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-44.3. Bodenheimer, T., and C. Sinsky. (2014). From Triple to Quadruple Aim: Care of the Patient Requires Care of the Provider. The Annals of Family Medicine. 12.6: 573-76.4. Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, et al. (2001). The Jefferson scale of physician empathy: development and preliminary psychometric data. Educ Psychol Meas. 61(2):349–365.5. Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christina_Maslach/publication/277816643_The_Maslach_Burnout_Inventory_Manual/links/5574dbd708aeb6d8c01946d7.pdf.6. Hay Group. Emotional and social competency inventory (ESCI): A user guide for accredited practitioners. Available at: http://www.eiconsortium.org/pdf/ESCI_user_guide.pdf.7. Shanafelt TD, Boone S, Tan L, Dyrbye LN, Sotile W, Satele D, West CP, Sloan J, Oreskovich MR. (2012). Burnout and Satisfaction With Work-Life Balance Among US Physicians Relative to the General US Population. Arch Intern Med.172(18):1377–1385. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.31998. Chen, Daniel C. R., et al. (2012). Characterizing Changes in Student Empathy throughout Medical School. Medical Teacher, 34(4), 305–311. doi:10.3109/0142159x.2012.644600.9. Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ. An empirical study of decline in empathy in medical school. Med Educ. 2004;38:934–941.10. Fjortoft, N., Van Winkle, L. J., & Hojat, M. (2011). Measuring Empathy in Pharmacy Students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 75(6), 109. http://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe75610911. Ried, L. D., Motycka, C., Mobley, C., & Meldrum, M. (2006). Comparing Self-reported Burnout of Pharmacy Students on the Founding Campus With Those at Distance Campuses. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 70(5), 114.12. Tamayo, C. A., Rizkalla, M. N., & Henderson, K. K. (2016). Cognitive, Behavioral and Emotional Empathy in Pharmacy Students: Targeting Programs for Curriculum Modification. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 96. http://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.0009613. Van Winkle, L. J., Fjortoft, N., & Hojat, M. (2012). Impact of a Workshop About Aging on the Empathy Scores of Pharmacy and Medical Students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 76(1), 9. http://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe761914. Chen, D., Lew, R., Hershman, W., & Orlander, J. (2007). A Cross-sectional Measurement of Medical Student Empathy. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(10), 1434–1438. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0298-x15. Kumar, S. (2016). Burnout and Doctors: Prevalence, Prevention and Intervention. Healthcare, 4(3), 37. http://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare4030037Problem StatementResearch studies currently demonstrate decreased empathy, emotional intelligence (EI), and high levels of burnout among professionals within the healthcare workforce. Studies have additionally shown that levels of empathy tend to decline throughout the years of medical training. Previous studies have primarily focused on medical student levels of burnout, empathy, and EI, yet few have looked at the same in pharmacy students throughout their training. This study will analyze levels of empathy, burnout, and EI in the incoming Pharmacy students of the University of South Florida (USF), and will compare them to the incoming medical students of both the Core and SELECT courses.Using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE), MaslachBurnout Inventory (MBI), and Emotional Intelligence and Social Competency Inventory (ESCI), what are the current states of empathy, burnout, and EI of incoming medical and pharmacy students at USF?34%66%Percentage of Core Student BurnoutBurned Out (High EX & CY) Not Burned Out38.54%61.46%Percentage of Pharmacy Student BurnoutBurned Out (High EX &CY) Not Burned Out27%73%Percentage of SELECT Student BurnoutBurned Out (High EX & CY) Not Burned Out267 responses were gathered (N=274) with a 97% completion rate. Demographic questions looked at gender, age, marital status, parental status, and specialty of interest. The mean levels of empathy on the JSE for Pharmacy was 112 (SD=12); Core 118 (SD=11); SELECT 116 (SD=11). Analysis of variance on empathy scores yielded an F = 7.50 and p = 0.0007. Post-hoc analysis determined a statistically significant difference in empathy between the Core and Pharmacy students. Analysis of MBI results showed high levels of Exhaustion in Pharmacy (Average=19) and Core students (Average=17), and high levels of Professional Efficacy and Cynicism in all classes. Twelve ESCI competencies were analyzed among pharmacy and Core classes, with significant findings in 3 categories.  Count Percentage Gender   Male 133 49.81 Female 134 50.19 Total 267  Program   USF Core 130 48.69 USF SELECT 41 15.36 USF Pharmacy 96 35.96 Total 267  Age Range   <22 45 17.98 22-24 148 55.43 25-27 50 18.73 28-30 8 3 31-33 7 2.62 34-36 2 0.75 >36 3 1.12 Total 263  Marital Status   Single 224 83.90 Married 42 15.73 Separated/Divorced 1 0.37 Total 267  Children   Yes 8 3 No 259 97 Total 267  Specialty (Medical Students Only)   Anesthesiology 2 1.17 Family Med/General Practice 9 5.26 Neurosurgery 4 2.34 Otolaryngology 2 1.17 Pediatrics 5 2.92 Radiology 4 2.34 Dermatology 6 3.51 OB/GYN 4 2.34 Orthopaedic Surgery 16 9.36 Psychiatry 1 0.58 Emergency Medicine 14 8.19 Neurology 4 2.34 Ophthalmology 2 1.17 Pathology 3 1.75 Plastic Surgery 3 1.75 Radiation Oncology 1 0.58 Hematology/Oncology 3 1.75 Endocrinology 3 1.75 Gastroenterology 3 1.75 Cardiology 4 2.34 Infectious Disease 2 1.17 Cardiothoracic Surgery 1 0.58 Trauma Surgery 1 0.58 General Surgery 1 0.58 Interventional Radiology 1 0.58 Radiation Oncology 1 0.58 Other 11 6.43 Undecided 60 35.09 Total 171  Ainslee Juarbe, MS4, Mentor: Jeanne L. Jacoby, MDTable 1. USF Respondent Demographics Figure 1. Average JSE scores for USF ProgramsFigure 2. Comparison of Empathy by Gender and ProgramFigure 3. Comparison of Burnout by MBI DomainFigure 7. Comparison of percentage of high EX and CYTable 2. Comparison of ESCI Competencies by USF Program

Empathy, Burnout, and Emotional Intelligence in Incoming USF Pharmacy and Medical Students

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Empathy, Burnout, and Emotional Intelligence in Incoming USF Pharmacy and Medical Students

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