Daybreak is a 4,127-acre model mixed-use community for comprehensive sustainable design. The project was planned on surplus mining land and will accommodate over 20,000 residential units, approximately 9.1 million sf of commercial space, and 20,000 jobs at build-out. The extensive parks and open space integrates stormwater management, merges with natural systems, and is enlivened by social and recreational programming. The full range of sustainable features includes walkable streets, an extensive trail system, native and drought-tolerant plants, habitat conservation, recycled materials, and a vibrant mix of amenities and services. Landscape Performance Benefits • Retains 100% of storm water that falls on the site for up to a 100-year storm with no impacts on or connections to the municipal storm sewer system. • Saves approximately 1.5 million gallons of potable water each year by using an innovative drip irrigation design. Projected annual savings at build-out are 18.7 million gallons, saving approximately $54,000 annually. • Promotes species diversity with nearly 2.5 times the national average for comparable wetland bird populations present in man-made Oquirrh Lake and the surrounding wetlands. • Reduces auto trips with 88% of neighborhood students currently walking or riding bikes to school. This is expected to reduce auto trips by 2.3 million miles a year at build-out, saving 102,00 gallons of fuel and reducing carbon emissions by 950 tons annually. • Reduced carbon footprint by 9,110 tons, saved 23,000 gallons of fuel and saved over $1.6 million in concrete and transportation costs by reusing materials onsite and recycling construction waste

Goodwin, Amanda

Yang, Bo

English

DigitalCommons@USU

Daybreak CommunityTRADITIONAL SUSTAINABLEDesignerDesign Workshop, Inc.Land UseGreenfieldMixed-useProject TypeCommunityStormwater managementfacilityLocation4454 West Harvest MoonDrive South Jordan, Utah 84095Size4,127 acresBudget$4.3 million - Design andconsultation fees; $48-63million - Landscapeconstruction costs to dateCompletion Date2004 - Founders Village; 2025- Project buildoutLandscape Peformance Benefits• Retains 100% of storm water that falls on the site for up to a 100-year storm with no impacts onor connections to the municipal storm sewer system.• Saves approximately 1.5 million gallons of potable water each year by using an innovative dripirrigation design. Projected annual savings at build-out are 18.7 million gallons, savingapproximately $54,000 annually.• Promotes species diversity with nearly 2.5 times the national average for comparable wetlandbird populations present in man-made Oquirrh  Lake and the surrounding wetlands.• Reduces auto trips with 88% of neighborhood students currently walking or riding bikes toschool. This is expected to reduce auto trips by 2.3 million miles a year at build-out, saving102,00 gallons of fuel and reducing carbon emissions by 950 tons annually.• Reduced carbon footprint by 9,110 tons, saved 23,000 gallons of fuel  and saved over $1.6million in concrete and transportation costs by reusing materials onsite and recyclingconstruction waste.OverviewDaybreak is a 4,127-acre model mixed-use community for comprehensive sustainable design. Theproject was planned on surplus mining land and will accommodate over 20,000 residential units,approximately 9.1 million sf of commercial space, and 20,000 jobs at build-out. The extensiveparks and open space integrates stormwater management, merges with natural systems, and isenlivened by social and recreational programming. The full range of sustainable features includeswalkable streets, an extensive trail system, native and drought-tolerant plants, habitatconservation, recycled materials, and a vibrant mix of amenities and services.Sustainable Features• Of the  4,100 acres in the entire development, up to 1,000 will be used for  parks and openspace. 120 acres of parks and open space have been dedicated so far.• Daybreak boasts 22 miles of maintained  trails and every home is within 1/4 mile of the trailsystem.• The onsite stormwater management system includes 65-acre man-made    Oquirrh Lake, 25acres of constructed wetlands, stormwater canals, dry wells, infiltration basins, and roadsidebioswales.• Oquirrh Lake retains stormwater and supplies reserve irrigation water while providing habitat toover 59 species of birds and game fish.• Native plant communities comprise 68% of common open space, and drought-tolerant plantscover at least 40% of every residential lot. Manicured turf is limited to recreation fields.• Terraced demonstration gardens display the beauty of native species and  teach residentsabout responsible landscape methods within the Great  Basin ecology.• Material excavated to create the lake was reused onsite as base for roads, saving on materialsand hauling costs.• Recycled mine rock from the adjacent Kennecott copper mine is used for walls and entrancemonuments throughout the community.• Community garden space is being expanded due to popular demand.ChallengeThe design team was challenged to create a new community in a high desert environment wheretraditional, water-intensive development and manicured landscapes are not sustainable. In orderto meet local stormwater regulations, appeal to potential home buyers, and fit the environmentalcontext, public parks and open space needed to be both visually engaging and serve sustainablefunctions. SolutionThrough collaborative, holistic planning an intentional, sculpted parks  and open space systemwas designed to perform multiple functions.  On-surface stormwater management is integratedand serves to create  habitat, supplement irrigation, and enhance recreation opportunities.  Thedesign merges natural systems, social and recreational spaces, and  stunning visual amenities.Cost Comparison• Engineers estimate over $70 million in storm water infrastructure  savings over the life of theDaybreak project due to the elimination of municipal impact fees and the dramatic reduction inconventional  conveyance infrastructure. This estimate includes $30 million in residential impactfees, residential entitlements by owner, and reduced in-ground infrastructure.• Using on-site   nursery acclimation, species and age diversity and tree-by-tree   computer-chipmonitoring reduces tree mortality by 60% over typical rates, saving an estimated $2 million in  replanting costs for the project goal of 100,000 trees planted.Lessons Learned• When planned in a collaborative, holistic way, parks and open space systems can performmultiple social, ecological and economic functions. The landscapes at Daybreak capture stormwater, nurture habitat, facilitate recreation, provide a stunning visual amenity, increase landvalues, and promote social interactions.Project TeamClient/Owner: Kennecott Land Residential Development CompanyCommunity Master Planner: Calthorpe AssociatesLandscape Architecture: Design Workshop, Inc.Civil Engineers: Nolte Associates, StantecIrrigation Designer: Russ Jacobsen, LLC Electrical Engineers: Envision Engineering, Hunt ElectricWildlife Biologist: Craig Johnson LLCContractors: ValleyCrest Nursery, Progressive Plants Role of the Landscape ArchitectDesign Workshop  completed master plans for the 4,200-acre community's parks and open spacesystem, produced concept through construction drawings for  65-acre  Oquirrh Lake andaccompanying open space systems (an  additional 100 acres), produced concept throughconstruction documents for the  Founder's Village parks and open space system  includingon-surface  stormwater conveyance and infiltration, and has continuing  design and constructionprojects throughout the community. Case Study Prepared by:Research Fellow: Bo Yang, PhD, Assistant Professor, Utah State UniversityResearch Assistant: Amanda A. Goodwin, MLA Candidate, Utah State UniversityAugust 2011References & ResourcesDesign Workshop - DaybreakKennecott Land - Daybreak National Association of Home Builders Community of the Year, 2011National Association of Home Builders Best in American Living Platinum Award, 2011Envision Utah Governor's Quality Growth Award, 2010RCLCO Sixth fastest selling community in the state of Utah, 2010ASLA Utah Honor Award, 2008American Concrete Institute Excellence in Concrete Award, 2007Envision Utah Governor's Quality Growth Award, 2006Envision Utah Governor's Quality Growth Award, 2002 Additional ImagesDaybreak Community LPS Methodology Page 1 of 4      Daybreak Community Methodology for Landscape Performance Benefits    Retains 100% of storm water that falls on the site for up to a 100-year storm with no impacts on or connections to the municipal storm sewer system.  Verified by civil engineer, Nolte and Associates. All storm water is directed to on-site swales, constructed wetlands, dry wells and/or infiltration basins in the parks and open space system to supplement irrigation and to cleanse and infiltrate the water. The storage capacity of these combined systems is greater than the volume generated in post-construction conditions up to and including the 100-year storm event. There are no connections to the South Jordan municipal stormwater sewer system. In the case of a greater than 100-year storm event, excess water tops designated street curb locations and utilizes the street cross-section for storage and movement of water through South Jordan and into the Jordan River.    Saves approximately 1.5 million gallons of potable water each year by using an innovative drip irrigation design. Projected annual savings at build-out are 17.2 million gallons, saving approximately $54,000 annually.  Worst-case water use calculations were obtained from Design Workshop and used to represent “typical” water use of surrounding communities. 10% of this number was used to estimate the gallons saved through “10% efficiency” drip irrigation technology.   Build-out is expected by 2025, and Daybreak is currently only at 8% of build-out. Projections were calculated by multiplying current savings by a ratio and then by current South Jordan water rates:  Worst case water use per year: 14,973,899 gallons of potable water used for current built portion of Daybreak (Design Workshop, 2004). 14,973,899 x 0.10 = 1,497,390 gallons of potable water per year saved  Projected annual water savings for 100% build-out: 1,497,390 x 100/8 =18,717,375 gallons saved annually at full build-out  Water saved is multiplied by South Jordan water billing rates (HOA area C): $2.90 per 1,000 gallons (South Jordan City, 2011) 18,717,375 x $2.90/1,000 = $54,280 annual savings at build-out using 2010 water rates.    Promotes species diversity with nearly 2.5 times the national average for comparable wetland bird populations present in man-made Oquirrh Lake and the surrounding wetlands.  Typical wetlands of similar ecotype were researched to obtain an estimated average bird populous. This value was compared to the bird counts performed at Oquirrh Lake by the Audubon Society and presented as a proportion (Kantrud, 1984). Acres of wetland created was provided by published Design Workshop literature.   Daybreak Community LPS Methodology Page 2 of 4  Reduces auto trips with 88% of neighborhood students currently walking or riding bikes to school. This is expected to reduce auto trips by 2.3 million miles a year at build-out, saving 102,000 gallons of fuel and reducing carbon emissions by 950 tons annually.  To calculate trip miles saved, average number of households with children were estimated and multiplied by the1/4 mile rule, over the number of days in a typical duration of education per year:  20,000 residential units at build-out @ 71.8% with children (US Census Bureau, 2011) 20,000 x .718= 14,360 families 1/2 mile return-trip drive, 2 times daily for 180 days each year (US Department of Education, 2002) 1/2 x 2 x 180 x 14,360 = 2,584,800 trip miles driven annually at build-out  A study by the University of Utah Department of Family and Consumer Studies and published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology in the fall of 2010 (Napier et al., 2011) shows that 88% of students walk to school.  88% reduction = 2,584,800 x .88 = 2,274,624 trip miles saved  Current average U.S. auto efficiency is 22.4 mpg  2,274,624 / 22.4 = 101,545 gallons of fuel saved  To calculate carbon footprint reduction from trip loads, trip distance was entered into the ALG Carbon Calculator, by using the metric of a midsize petroleum engine (Future Climate, 2011)  Use ALG Carbon Calculator divide trip distance by 52 and provide vehicle fuel efficiency rate    Reduced carbon footprint by 9,110 tons, saved 23,000 gallons of fuel and saved over $1.6 million in concrete and transportation costs by reusing materials onsite and recycling construction waste.  Carbon footprint reduction was calculated by first researching manufacturing average carbon dioxide emissions per ton of concrete. This value was multiplied by the amount of concrete reported as recycled by the client:  Total concrete needed provided by Client: 1,600 tons Total CO2 emissions per ton of cement = 1.1 tons (Malhotra, 1998) 1.1 x 1,600 tons needed = 17,600 tons of carbon avoided by using recycled materials  Trip load impact was added to the equation by first calculating the ratio of cement to concrete, then by researching typical carrying capacities of payload trucks and dividing total amount needed by this volume. To obtain number of trips needed, feasible cement and concrete manufacturing plants were located and total distance was calculated by adding number of trips needed from cement to concrete plant, and from concrete plant to project site.  1,600 tons of concrete needed = 22,068 cubic yards Ratio: 6 bags of Portland cement to 1 cy of concrete 6 x 22,068 = 132,408 bags  Each bag weighs 97 lbs (Malhotra, 1998). Payload truck can carry 75,000 lb. 75,000 / 97 = 773 bags per trip 132,408 / 773 = 171 trips from cement plant to concrete plant Daybreak Community LPS Methodology Page 3 of 4 106 miles each way from cement to concrete plant (x 2 round trip) = 212 miles per trip 212 x 171 = 36,252 trip miles  Typical concrete mixer truck can carry 10 cy of concrete 22,068 /10 = 2,207 trips needed  5.5 miles each way from nearest feasible concrete plant to Daybreak = 11 miles per trip 11 x 2207 = 24,277 trip miles 36,252 + 24,277 = 60,529 total trip miles for specifying new concrete  This process was repeated to include the amount of recycled construction waste that was reused onsite rather than being shipped to a recycling center: Total volume of waste was divided by typical carrying capacity of a one-ton dump truck, then multiplied by the return-trip distance to the nearest feasible recycling center. Total distance between trips for concrete and waste recycling was entered in to a carbon calculating software program. Finally, trip impact carbon reduction and cement product carbon reductions were summed to calculate total carbon impact reduction.  43,500 tons or 87,000,000 lbs of crushed rock reused Crushed rock = 2,200-2,700 lb /cy = 32,222 cy on average  Typical dump truck capacity is 5 cy (assuming 8 mpg diesel truck) 32,222 / 5 = 6,444 trip loads needed  10 miles to nearest rock recycling business (x 2 for round trip) = 20 round trip distance 20 x 6,444 = 128,888 trip miles needed  60,526 +128,888 = 189,414 total trip miles avoided by recycling onsite construction waste and rock  Fuel savings were estimated by multiplying total trip distance between concrete importation and waste exportation at 8 mpg diesel rate. Divide total trip distance by /mpg fuel efficiency for gallons of fuel needed.  Typical diesel v8 truck @ 8mpg 189,414 / 8 = 23,676 gallons of fuel saved  Current fuel prices for diesel were estimated at $3.56 / gallon (for 2010). 23,676 x 3.56 = $84,287 in fuel cost savings  Material savings were estimated by researching concrete prices and multiplying average cost of concrete by total amount of recycled concrete.  $70 x 22,068 = $1,544,760 in material cost savings  84,287 + $1,544,760 = $1,629,047 total savings   Cost Comparison   Engineers estimate over $70 million in storm water infrastructure savings over the life of the Daybreak project due to the elimination of municipal impact fees and the dramatic reduction in conventional conveyance infrastructure. This estimate includes $30 million in residential impact fees, residential entitlements by owner, and reduced in-ground infrastructure.  Calculations generated by civil engineer, Nolte and Associates.  Daybreak Community LPS Methodology Page 4 of 4  Using on-site nursery acclimation, species and age diversity and tree-by-tree computer-chip monitoring reduces tree mortality by 60% over typical rates, saving an estimated $2 million in replanting costs for the project goal of 100,000 trees planted.  Typical tree mortality rates were researched and compared to those reported by annual Daybreak on-site nursery inventory. The difference between the two is presented as a ratio of reduction.  Daybreak mortality rate: 4-5% vs. typical mortality rate at 10-12% (Ulam, 2010) 11% (national avg.) – 4.5% (avg. in Daybreak)/ 11%= 60% mortality reduction  Cost savings were calculated by first researching typical installation prices of installed 2” balled and burlapped trees from local nurseries. Difference in mortality was multiplied by the projected 100,000 trees to be planted at Daybreak (RioTinto, 2010), and then by the typical installation price of balled and burlapped tree installation. Finally, the cost of microchip materials and installation costs was subtracted from this number for a total cost savings.  100,000 trees at typical mortality rates of 10-12% = 11,000 trees to replace 100,000 trees at Daybreak mortality rates of 4-5% = 4,500 Daybreak trees to replace 11,000 – 4,500 = 6,500 trees that would otherwise have to be replaced  Typical 2” balled and burlapped tree, installed from Daybreak Contactor bids = $360 6,500 x $360 = $2,340,000 cost savings from tree replacement  $3 microchip per tree = $300,000 cost investment $2,340,000 – $300,000 = $2,040,000 savings   References  Future Climate (2011). ALG Carbon Calculator, AGL Energy Limited. Available from http://www.aglcarboncalculator.com.au/  Kantrud, H. A., & Stewart, R. E. (1984). Ecological Distribution and Crude Density of Breeding Birds on Prairie Wetlands. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 48(2), 426-437.  Malhotra, V. M. (1998). Role of Supplementary Cementing Materials in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions. In O.E. Gjørv & K. Sakai (Eds.) Concrete Technology for a Sustainable Development in the 21st Century (pp. 226-235). London: E & FN Spon.  Napier, M. A., Brown, B. B., Werner, C. M., & Gallimore, J. (2011). Walking to school: Community design and child and parent barriers. Journal of Environmental Psychology,31, 45-51.  Rio Tinto (2010). 2010 Sustainable Development Report. Available from http://edition.pagesuiteprofessional.co.uk/pdfspool/ePTppz81AeyrRBUCRTMmN+FVbs=.pdf  South Jordan City (2011). 2011-2012 Fee Schedule: http://sjc.utah.gov/feeschedule.asp  Ulam, A. (2010) A new day? Landscape Architecture Magazine, 100, 98-109.  US Census Bureau (2010). Current Population Reports: Projections of the Number of Households and Families in the United States: 1995 to 2010 (pp. 25-1129). Available from www.census.gov/prod/1/pop/p25-1129.pdf  US Department of Education (2002). Average length of school year and average length of school day, by selected characteristics: United States 2001-2002. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. Available from http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/tables/table_2004_06.asp 

Daybreak Community Landscape Performance Benefits Assessment

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Daybreak Community Landscape Performance Benefits Assessment

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