Photorhabdus temperata strain Meg1 is an entomopathogenic bacterium that forms a symbiotic association with Heterorhabditis nematodes. We report here a 4.9-Mbp draft genome sequence for P. temperata strain Meg1, with a G+C content of 43.18% and containing 4,340 candidate protein-coding genes

Abebe-Akele, Feseha

AbouZaied, Mohamed A.

Badr, Usama M.

Ghazal, Shimaa M.

Hurst, Sheldon G., IV

Hussein, Mona A.

Khalil, Kamal M.

Morris, Krystalynne

Thomas, W. Kelley

Tisa, Louis S.

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University of New HampshireUniversity of New Hampshire Scholars' RepositoryMolecular, Cellular and Biomedical SciencesScholarship Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences12-11-2014Draft Genome Sequence of Photorhabdustemperata Strain Meg1, an EntomopathogenicBacterium Isolated from Heterorhabditis megidisNematodesSheldon G. Hurst IVUniversity of New Hampshire, DurhamShimaa M. GhazalUniversity of New Hampshire, Durham, Shimaa.Ghazal@unh.eduKrystalynne MorrisUniversity of New Hampshire, DurhamFeseha Abebe-AkeleUniversity of New Hampshire, DurhamFeseha Abebe-AkeleUniversity of New Hampshire, DurhamSee next page for additional authorsFollow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/mcbs_facpubThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences at University of New Hampshire Scholars'Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Universityof New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact nicole.hentz@unh.edu.Recommended CitationHurst IV, S. G. , S. Ghazal, K. Morris, F. Abebe-Akele, W. K. Thomas, U. M. Badr, M. A. Hussein, M. A. AbouZaied, K. M. Khalil, andL. S. Tisa. 2014. Draft Genome Sequence of Photorhabdus temperata strain Meg1, an Entomopathogenic Bacterium Isolated fromHeterorhabditis megidis Nematodes. Genome Announc 2(6) e01273-14. Doi: 10.1128genomeA01273-14.AuthorsSheldon G. Hurst IV, Shimaa M. Ghazal, Krystalynne Morris, Feseha Abebe-Akele, Feseha Abebe-Akele, W.Kelley Thomas, Usama M. Badr, Mona A. Hussein, Mohamed A. AbouZaied, Kamal M. Khalil, and Louis S.TisaThis article is available at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository: https://scholars.unh.edu/mcbs_facpub/159Draft Genome Sequence of Photorhabdus temperata Strain Meg1, anEntomopathogenic Bacterium Isolated from Heterorhabditis megidisNematodesSheldon G. Hurst IV,a Shimaa Ghazal,a,b Krystalynne Morris,a Feseha Abebe-Akele,a W. Kelley Thomas,a Usama M. Badr,bMona A. Hussein,c Mohamed A. AbouZaied,d Kamal M. Khalil,b Louis S. TisaaUniversity of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USAa; Applied Microbial Genetics Laboratory, Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering &Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egyptb; Department of Pests and Plant Protection, Agricultural Division, National Research Centre, Dokki,Cairo, Egyptc; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptdPhotorhabdus temperata strain Meg1 is an entomopathogenic bacterium that forms a symbiotic association withHeterorhabdi-tis nematodes. We report here a 4.9-Mbp draft genome sequence for P. temperata strain Meg1, with a GC content of 43.18%and containing 4,340 candidate protein-coding genes.Received 26 October 2014 Accepted 29 October 2014 Published 11 December 2014Citation Hurst SG, IV, Ghazal S, Morris K, Abebe-Akele F, Thomas WK, Badr UM, Hussein MA, AbouZaied MA, Khalil KM, Tisa LS. 2014. Draft genome sequence ofPhotorhabdus temperata strain Meg1, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from Heterorhabditis megidis nematodes. Genome Announc. 2(6):e01273-14.doi:10.1128/genomeA.01273-14.Copyright © 2014 Hurst et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.Address correspondence to Louis S. Tisa, louis.tisa@unh.edu.Members of the genus Photorhabdus maintain two distinct lifestyles as insect pathogens and in symbiotic relationship withthe entomopathogenic Heterorhabditis nematodes (for reviews,see references 1–7). The life cycle of Photorhabdus and its nema-tode host Heterorhabditis is best described as a cyclic associationthat begins and ends with infective juvenile nematodes (IJs). TheIJs, which carry a monoculture of Photorhabdus within the ante-rior region of the intestine (8, 9), actively seek and infect insecthosts. Once inside the insect, the nematodes regurgitate the bac-teria into the hemolymph (8). The bacteria multiply inside thehost and release highly virulent toxins (10, 11), resulting the deathof the insect death in 48 h. To provide nutrients for both thebacteria and nematodes, the bacteria secrete extracellular enzymesthat aid in breaking down insect tissue and also generate essentialgrowth factors for the growth and development of the nematode.The growth and development of Heterorhabditis nematodes havean obligate requirement for their specific bacterial symbiont (12).To prevent secondary invaders and putrefaction of the insect car-cass, the bacteria release antibiotics (13, 14). After several days offeeding, the nematodes and bacteria reassociate and leave insearch of a new insect host.Based on molecular analysis, the genusPhotorhabdus is dividedinto three bacterial species: Photorhabdus luminescens, Photorhab-dus temperata, and Photorhabdus asymbiotica (15, 16). Here, wepresent a draft genome sequence for P. temperata strain Meg1,which was isolated from Heterorhabditis megidis nematodes (17).This bacterial strain is used to propagate axenic nematodes. TheHeterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes grow and reproducenormally on Meg1 bacteria, but the resulting surface-sterilized IJnematodes do not retain Meg1 bacteria and are therefore axenic(18). Because of this property, we chose P. temperata strain Meg1for sequencing to provide an understanding of its symbiotic asso-ciation.The draft genome ofP. temperata subsp. temperata strain Meg1was generated at the Hubbard Genome Center (University of NewHampshire, Durham, NH) using Illumina technology (19) tech-niques. A standard Illumina shotgun library was constructed andsequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, which gener-ated 44,504,248 reads (260-bp insert size) totaling 4,450.4 Mbp.The Illumina sequence data were assembled using CLC GenomicsWorkbench (version 6.5.1) and AllPaths-LG (version r41043)(20). The final draft assembly contains 127 contigs, with an N50 of86 kb. The total size of the genome is 4.9 Mbp, and the finalassembly is based on 3,841 Mb of Illumina draft data, providing anaverage 778.9 coverage of the genome.The high-quality draft genome of P. temperata strain Meg1 wasresolved to 127 contigs consisting of 4,931,142 bp, with a GCcontent of 43.18%. The assembled P. temperata strain Meg1 ge-nome was annotated via the Integrated Microbial Genomes(IMG) platform developed by the Joint Genome Institute, WalnutCreek, CA, USA (21), and resulted in 4,340 candidate protein-coding genes.Nucleotide sequence accessionnumbers.This whole-genomeshotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank un-der the accession no. JGVH00000000. The version described inthis paper is version JGVH01000000.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis work was supported in part by USDA NIFA grant 2009-35302-05257and by the College of Life Science and Agriculture at the University of NewHampshire-Durham. S.G. was supported by the Egyptian Cultural andEducational Bureau, Washington, DC.REFERENCES1. Boemare N, Givaudan A, Brehelin M, Laumond C. 1997. Symbiosis andpathogenicity of nematode-bacterium complexes. Symbiosis 22:21– 45.crossmarkGenome AnnouncementsNovember/December 2014 Volume 2 Issue 6 e01273-14 genomea.asm.org 1 on January 26, 2018 by UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE LIBRARYhttp://genomea.asm.org/Downloaded from 2. Forst S, Dowds B, Boemare N, Stackebrandt E. 1997. Xenorhabdus andPhotorhabdus spp.: bugs that kill bugs. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 51:47–72.http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.51.1.47.3. Forst S, Nealson K. 1996. Molecular biology of the symbiotic pathogenicbacteria Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. Microbiol. Rev. 60:21– 43.4. Goodrich-Blair H, Clarke DJ. 2007. Mutualism and pathogenesis inXenorhabdus and Photorhabdus: two roads to the same destination.Mol. Microbiol. 64:260 –268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05671.x.5. Clarke DJ. 2008. Photorhabdus: a model for the analysis of pathogenicityand mutualism. Cell. Microbiol. 10:2159 –2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01209.x.6. Waterfield NR, Ciche T, Clarke D. 2009. Photorhabdus and a host ofhosts. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 63:557–574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/ an-nurev.micro.091208.073507.7. Burnell AM, Stock SP. 2000. Heterorhabditis, Steinernema and their bac-terial symbionts—lethal pathogens of insects. Nematology 2:31– 42.http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100508872.8. Ciche TA, Ensign JC. 2003. For the insect pathogen Photorhabdus lumi-nescens, which end of a nematode is out? Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:1890 –1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.1890-1897.2003.9. Endo BY, Nickle WR. 1991. Ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium,lumen, and associated bacteria in Heterorhabditis-bacteriophora. J. Hel-minthol. Soc. Wash. 58:202–212.10. Bowen D, Rocheleau TA, Blackburn M, Andreev O, Golubeva E, Bhar-tia R, ffrench-Constant RH. 1998. Insecticidal toxins from the bacteriumPhotorhabdus luminescens. Science 280:2129 –2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5372.2129.11. ffrench-Constant RH, Bowen DJ. 2000. 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Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal ofnew taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescenssubsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov.,P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P.asymbiotica sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:1645–1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-4-1645.16. Boemare N. 2002. Interactions between the partners of the entomopatho-genic bacterium nematode complexes, Steinernema-Xenorhabdus andHeterorhabditis-Photorhabdus. Nematology 4:601– 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685410260438863.17. Poinar GO, Jackson T, Klein M. 1987. Heterorhabditis megidis sp. n.(Heterorhabditidae: Rhabdittida), parasitic on Japanese beetle, Popillia ja-ponica (Scaraarabaeidedae: Coleoptera) in Ohio. Proc. Helminthol. Soc.Wash. 54:53–59.18. Hans RC, Ehlers RU. 1987. 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Draft Genome Sequence of Photorhabdus temperata Strain Meg1, an Entomopathogenic Bacterium Isolated from Heterorhabditis megidis Nematodes

ABSTRACT
          
            Photorhabdus temperata
            strain Meg1 is an entomopathogenic bacterium that forms a symbiotic association with
            Heterorhabditis
            nematodes. We report here a 4.9-Mbp draft genome sequence for
            P. temperata
            strain Meg1, with a G+C content of 43.18% and containing 4,340 candidate protein-coding genes.
          </jats:p

Sheldon G. Hurst

Shimaa Ghazal

Krystalynne Morris

Feseha Abebe-Akele

W. Kelley Thomas

Usama M. Badr

Mona A. Hussein

Mohamed A. AbouZaied

Kamal M. Khalil

Louis S. Tisa

Crossref

Draft Genome Sequence of Photorhabdus temperata Strain Meg1, an Entomopathogenic Bacterium Isolated from
            <i>Heterorhabditis megidis</i>
            Nematodes

https://scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1160&context=mcbs_facpub

Draft Genome Sequence of Photorhabdus temperata Strain Meg1, an Entomopathogenic Bacterium Isolated from Heterorhabditis megidis Nematodes

Abstract

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