Lundquist, Marvin C.

TenEyck, George R.

Kansas State University

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume 0 Issue 12 Keeping up with Research Article 63 2001 How Planting Date and Maturing Time Influence Losses of Irrigated Corn to Southwestern Corn Borers George R. TenEyck Marvin C. Lundquist This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 2001 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Contents of this publication may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. Brand names appearing in this publication are for product identification purposes only. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr Recommended Citation TenEyck, George R. and Lundquist, Marvin C. (2001) "How Planting Date and Maturing Time Influence Losses of Irrigated Corn to Southwestern Corn Borers," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 0: Iss. 12. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7300 How Planting Date and Maturing Time Influence Losses of Irrigated Corn to Southwestern Corn Borers Keywords Keeping up with research; SRL 130 (Jan. 2001); Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station contribution; no. 01-285-S; Planting date; Maturing time; Southwestern corn borers; Irrigated corn; Lodging; Loss Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This research report is available in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol0/iss12/63 MARCH 1975 How Planting Date and Maturing Time Influence Losses of Irrigated Corn to Southwestern Corn Borers1 George R. TenEyck and Marvin C. lundquist2 INTRODUCTION Southwestern corn borers caused so much corn to lodge on sandy soils south of the great bend of the Arkansas River in southcentral Kan-sas during the 1940's that corn was abandoned s a major crop in that area. Corn borer larva Jirdle stalks after corn is mature enough to en-sile in late August and early September but be-fore its moisture content drops to at least 25% so operators of commercial driers will accept it. As irrigation developed in the area during the 1960's, so did interest in producing corn as a grain crop. Acreages of corn produced for grain have increased in the area each year since 1970, and yields approaching 200 bushels an acre are rather common. Lodging caused by southwestern corn borers was minimal until 1974 when fou r factors com-bined for heavy losses: the volume of corn produced, lack of drying capacity, unfavorable weather, and borers. Because no other crop approaches irrigated corn's economic potential in the area, farmers need ways to control southwestern corn borers. 1. Contdbution 1490, Department of Agronomy, Kensas Agricultural Experiment Stq,rion. 2. Superintendent and Agronomist, respectively, Sandyland ment Field, St. John. This publication from Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.RESEARCH STUDIES Studies on southwestern corn borer problems have been conducted and are continui ng at the Sandyland Experiment Field. Data collected from 1968 to 1972 on five planting dates and three corn hybrids are pre-sented in Table 1. Yield data from a 1974 study including three p lanting dates, 16 hybrids, and corn borer in-festations are presented in Table 2. Data on moisture contents of selected hybrids related to Table 1. Yieldst of indicated corn hybrids related to planting dates and southwestern corn borer infestations,' • 2 irrigated corn, Sandyland Experiment Field. 4·yr. s.yr. avg. avg. S·yr. corn S·yr. harvest• avg. barer able lodging infest a-Planting date y ield loss tion and hybrid bu/a bu/a bu/o % Apri l 5 Pioneer 3306 145 139 6 45 Pioneer 321 131 124 7 42 DeKalb XL390 144 134 10 57 Avg. 140 132 8 48 April 15 Pioneer 3306 15.3 148 5 53 Pioneer 321 129 124 5 46 DeKalb Xl390 138 132 6 47 Avg. 140 135 5 49 April 25 Pioneer 3306 151 145 6 44 Pionee r 321 134 127 7 50 DeKalb Xl390 137 127 10 46 Avg. 141 133 8 47 May 5 Pioneer 3306 154 126 28 592 Pioneer 321 148 11 3 35 582 De Kalb XL390 140 110 30 622 Avg. 147 116 31 602 May 15 Pioneer 3306 136 102 34 55 Pionee r 32 1 142 104 38 64 DeKalb Xl390 124 85 39 56 Avg. 134 97 37 58 1 . . yiel.' This publication from Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.t-Jianting and moisture content at harvest are p rese nted in Table 3. For both studies corn was planted in 30-inch rows a nd thinned to 24,000 p lants per acre. A tank m ixture of Lasso + Atrazine he rb icide to control weeds was broadcast as corn was planted. Irrigation water was applied as needed in furrows 60 inches apart when moisture in the top foot of soil d ropped to 80 percent of the soil's water-holding capacity. An insecticide was ba nded over rows in 1970, 1971, 1972, a nd 197 4. O ther weed control measures were one rotary hoeing , one cultivation, and fu rrow-ing for irrigatio n. DISCUSSION Harvesta b le yie lds from April plantings were at least 16 bushels a n acre hig her than from May plant ings (Table 1 ). Harvestable yields did not incl ude corn f rom stalks b roken off. Har-vesting all corn planted three diffe rent dates in April at once, and three weeks later harvesting al l p lanted in May like ly favored the late r plant-ings each month . Table 2. Planting dates of irrigated hybrid corn related to April 10 Days % % to Yield Stalks Stalks Hybrid Maturityl bu/ a infested! g irdled2 Pioneer 3 14 9 137 206 35 0 Pioneer 3306 128 182 53 2 Pioneer 3195 129 180 0 DeKalb 72A 130 190 4 3 4 DeKalb 372 ................................ 125 177 35 8 DeKalb 8840 ............... ............... 135 16 1 47 4 Moews 421 117 175 42 4 Moews 520 ................................ 120 163 37 0 Moews 822 .............................. .... 120 173 45 2 Pra irie Valley 825 ....... .. ............... 11 8 198 40 2 Pra irie Va lle y 40S ............... ......... 116 169 45 2 NC+ 57 .................................... 114 185 48 0 NC+ 33SX ................................ 106 156 8 2 Pioneer 3722 .............................. 112 169 20 0 Pioneer 3780 .............. ... ............. 107 153 28 0 Pioneer 3390 ............... ........... .... 119 184 43 2 ! S.l) O'i ... ?.1 Harvesting all hybrids at the same moisture content would have g iven more girdled stalks of hybrids p lanted at late r dates. Also longer season hybrid s would be su bjected to de layed harvest and to more lodging than shorte r season hybrids. Our harvesting losses from May plantings far exceeded those from Apri l p lantings, but infes-tat ion by borers was not related to p lanti ng date . Therefore, it is harvesting date, not planting date that is related to lodged sta lks. We did not count standing gi rdled stalks, only those lodged at harvest time. Hybrids w ith re lat ive maturi ty ratings of 106 to 112 days reached ha rvestable moisture ear-lie r than longer-season hybrids did. Although shorter-season hybrids yield less than longer-season ones, the shorter-season ones ca n be ha rvested earlier to avoid losses to borers. Our 1974 data ind icate that shorter-season corn would be superior economica lly to g rowing irrigated sorgh um to avoid borer damage. Pio-neer 3722, a shorter season hybrid, even when corn borer damage, Sandyland expe riment fie ld . Date of planting April 25 May 10 % % % % Yield Stalks Stalks Yield Stalks Stalks bu/ a infestcd2 g irdle d!! bu/o infested: girdled• 2 10 25 3 184 32 2 206 32 13 194 48 20 204 40 7 197 40 8 202 50 27 202 43 17 173 52 28 177 55 20 156 37 13 205 37 5 163 43 10 202 40 10 190 42 22 210 28 22 186 67 32 189 43 9 196 32 10 189 63 22 160 28 8 168 4 8 8 175 52 23 170 35 8 164 22 8 179 43 13 173 18 8 168 32 12 155 27 13 182 32 12 193 48 7 184 48 8 ? Q 2'2 This publication from Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.heavily infested with borers, lodged less in 197 4 than did o ther hy brids. At the Sandyland Experiment Field borers damage hybrids little, if any, if they are planted in April and harvested at 30% moisture content. Table 3 . Moisture contents of selected corn hybrids planted three dates and sampled when indicated, irri-gated corn, Sandyland Experiment Field. Hybrid Pioneer 3149 Pioneer 3306 April lO Sam-pling Moist. o/o Pioneer 3195 8-30 34.1 DeKalb 72A DeKalb 372 Moews 42 1 Moews 520 Moews 822 Prairie Valley 405 NC + 33SX Pioneer 3722 Pioneer 3 780 Pioneer 3390 8-30 3 1.4 8-30 32.0 8-30 34.0 8-30 30.0 8-29 25.5 8-29 23.6 8-29 22.4 8-29 27.7 Planting date April 25 Sam· piing Moist. date % 9-1 7 32.6 9-17 28.4 9-17 30.4 9-17 24.9 9-4 9-4 9-4 9-4 26.3 26.5 25.8 29.3 CONCLUSIONS May 10 hm· piing Mo;st. dolo % 9-17 25.0 9-17 25.9 9-17 26.4 9-17 29.3 Date-of-planting did not influence yields of irrigated corn in our long-time tests, but did influence harvestable yields by influencing ha r-vest date. Lodging and harvestable yie lds are directly re lated to days the corn must wait to be harvested after September 1. Harvest date can be influe nced by the desti-nation of the g rain produced. Produce rs who use or ma rket the ir production as earlage , wet corn, acid-treated corn, or who have sufficient drying capacity for their own productio n can harvest at moisture levels of 30% and above. Publ ications and public meetings by the Kansas Agrirldto •r - 1 · '· -,r., This publication from Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.

How Planting Date and Maturing Time Influence Losses of Irrigated Corn to Southwestern Corn Borers (1975)

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How Planting Date and Maturing Time Influence Losses of Irrigated Corn to Southwestern Corn Borers (2001)

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