This trial was conducted to determine the effect of ViligenTM (Alltech, Lexington, KY), feed form (meal or pelleted) and storage time (0, 3, or 7 d) on reducing the fumonisin (FUM) concentration in diets. Three 1,000-lb batches of feed were manufactured and used as replications. Each batch was divided into 500-lb batches with or without Viligen at 0.15% of the diet. Diets were then left as a meal or pelleted and stored at room temperature for 0, 3, and 7 d to determine the reduction of FUM over time. The result indicated that there were no main or interactive effects (P \u3e 0.05) of Viligen, feed form, and storage time. There were marginal (P \u3c 0.10) 3- and 2-way interactive effects, but the magnitude of response likely was not large enough to have biological effects on nursery pig performance

Calderon Cartagena, H.

DeRouchey, J. M.

Dritz, S. S.

Goodband, R. D.

Rao, Z. X.

Tokach, M. D.

Woodworth, J. C.

Undetermined

This trial was conducted to determine the effect of ViligenTM(Alltech, Lexington, KY), feed form (meal or pelleted) and storage time (0, 3, or 7 d) on reducing the fumonisin (FUM) concentration in diets. Three 1,000-lb batches of feed were manufactured and used as replications. Each batch was divided into 500-lb batches with or without Viligen at 0.15% of the diet. Diets were then left as a meal or pelleted and stored at room temperature for 0, 3, and 7 d to determine the reduction of FUM over time. The result indicated that there were no main or interactive effects (P\u3e0.05) of Viligen, feed form, and storage time. There were marginal (P\u3c0.10) 3- and 2-way interactive effects, but the magnitude of response likely was not large enough to have biological effects on nursery pig performance

Kansas State University

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume 5 Issue 8 Swine Day Article 15 2019 Effect of Viligen™, Feed Form, and Storage Time on Fumonisin Concentrations in Corn Z. X. Rao Kansas State University, zxrao@k-state.edu M. D. Tokach Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, mtokach@ksu.edu S. S. Dritz Kansas State University, Manhattan, dritz@k-state.edu See next page for additional authors This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 2019 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Contents of this publication may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. Brand names appearing in this publication are for product identification purposes only. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr  Part of the Other Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Rao, Z. X.; Tokach, M. D.; Dritz, S. S.; Woodworth, J. C.; DeRouchey, J. M.; Goodband, R. D.; and Calderon Cartagena, H. (2019) "Effect of Viligen™, Feed Form, and Storage Time on Fumonisin Concentrations in Corn," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 8. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7845 Effect of Viligen™, Feed Form, and Storage Time on Fumonisin Concentrations in Corn Abstract This trial was conducted to determine the effect of ViligenTM (Alltech, Lexington, KY), feed form (meal or pelleted) and storage time (0, 3, or 7 d) on reducing the fumonisin (FUM) concentration in diets. Three 1,000-lb batches of feed were manufactured and used as replications. Each batch was divided into 500-lb batches with or without Viligen at 0.15% of the diet. Diets were then left as a meal or pelleted and stored at room temperature for 0, 3, and 7 d to determine the reduction of FUM over time. The result indicated that there were no main or interactive effects (P > 0.05) of Viligen, feed form, and storage time. There were marginal (P < 0.10) 3- and 2-way interactive effects, but the magnitude of response likely was not large enough to have biological effects on nursery pig performance. Keywords fumonisin (FUM), Viligen, feed form, storage time Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Cover Page Footnote Appreciation is expressed to Hubbard Feeds Inc. (Mankato, MN) for financial support. Authors Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and H. Calderon Cartagena This nursery pig nutrition and management is available in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol5/iss8/15 Swine Day 2019KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY2019Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service1Effect of Viligen™, Feed Form, and Storage Time on Fumonisin Concentrations in Corn1Zhong-Xing Rao, Mike D. Tokach, Steve S. Dritz,2 Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, and Hilda Calderon Cartagena3SummaryThis trial was conducted to determine the effect of Viligen™ (Alltech, Lexington, KY), feed form (meal or pelleted) and storage time (0, 3, or 7 d) on reducing the fumonisin (FUM) concentration in diets. Three 1,000-lb batches of feed were manufactured and used as replications. Each batch was divided into 500-lb batches with or without Viligen at 0.15% of the diet. Diets were then left as a meal or pelleted and stored at room temperature for 0, 3, and 7 d to determine the reduction of FUM over time. The result indicated that there were no main or interactive effects (P > 0.05) of Viligen, feed form, and storage time. There were marginal (P < 0.10) 3- and 2-way interactive effects, but the magnitude of response likely was not large enough to have biological effects on nursery pig performance.IntroductionRecently, fumonisin contamination in corn has been an emerging issue in Kansas. Fumonisin was tested at 10 to 20 ppm in a large portion of the corn and at higher levels in some areas. Nursery pigs fed fumonisin-contaminated corn will have reduced growth performance and organ damage. Therefore, reducing fumonisin in feed is an urgent task. Viligen™ (Alltech, Lexington, KY) is a product consisting of short chain fatty acids, prebiotic components, and minerals for use in diets of weanling pigs to promote growth performance and support gastrointestinal health by reducing inflammation. However, according to recent field reports, adding Viligen in the diet may reduce FUM concen-trations in corn via an unknown mechanism. The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether Viligen, in meal or pelleted diets, reduces FUM concentrations over time in diets containing FUM-contaminated corn.ProceduresAll diets were manufactured at the Kansas State University O.H. Kruse Feed Tech-nology Innovation Center in Manhattan, KS (Table 1). There were 4 treatments 1 Appreciation is expressed to Hubbard Feeds Inc. (Mankato, MN) for financial support.2 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University.3 Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Kansas State University.Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service2Swine Day 2019arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with the main effects of additive (with or without Viligen at 0.15% of the diet) and diet form (meal or pelleted). Three replicates were used for each treatment. Within each replicate, a single batch of 1,000-lb phase 3 nursery pig diet was mixed. Feed was bagged off into 50-lb bags and every other bag was piled into two separate piles. Bags from the first pile were emptied into the 500-lb mixer and mixed for 7 min. Feed was discharged from the mixer and sacked off. Meal samples were collected via grain probe from sacks to obtain needed samples for chemical analysis. The same procedure was repeated with the second pile, except adding Viligen to the diet while mixing. Feed with or without Viligen was then pelleted using a 1-ton CPM 1012-2 HD Master Model pellet mill with a Wenger twin-staff preconditioner. The average conditioning temperature was 175°F, average hot pellet temperature 181.6°F. Retention time was 30 sec, and a 5/32 in × 1 1/4 in die size (L/D = 8.0), 1,560 lb/h production rate, and at approximately 72.8°F ambient temperature. Five pellet samples were taken throughout each treatment run immediately after the die, and cooled using a counter-flow research pellet cooler for 10 min. For each replicate, subsamples were collected, mixed, and stored at room temperature. Before any sampling time point, the sample was re-mixed, and divided into 2 subsamples with a riffle sample splitter. One subsample was used for FUM analysis (d 0, 3, and 7) and the second retained at K-State. Subsamples were frozen after collection on d 0, 3, and 7. The number of samples was: 3 (replications) × 4 (treatments) × 3 (time points) = 36 samples. All subsamples were analyzed for FUM concentration using HPLC (Neogen, Lansing, MI). Results were reported as Fumonisin B1 (FB1), Fumonisin B2 (FB2), and Fumonisin B3 (FB3).Each analytical result served as an experimental unit. Results of FB1, FB2, and FB3 values were analyzed, as well as the sum of the 3. Accounting for heterogenous variance by treatment in the model improved model fit. Main effects and interactive means were determined. Linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts were performed to determine the effects of increasing storage time within treatment. Treatment differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and marginally significant at 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10. All analyses were performed using the R program (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria) using the lme4 package for analysis.Results and DiscussionBy analyzing the interaction of FUM toxin singly (FB1, FB2, or FB3) or combined (FB1 + FB2 + FB3), there were no 2- or 3-way interactive effects (P > 0.05) of Viligen™, form of feed, and storage time observed; however, the 3- and 2-way interactions were marginally significant (P < 0.10) for FB1 and total FUM (Table 2).For samples of meal diet with Viligen, FB1, FB2, and total toxin decreased (linear, P < 0.01) when the storage time increased (Table 3). For samples of pelleted diet without Viligen, FB3 marginally decreased (linear, P = 0.089) and total toxin decreased (linear, P < 0.05) as storage time increased. The FB1, FB2, FB3, and total toxin increased on d 3 then reduced on d 7 (quadratic, P < 0.05). For samples of pelleted diet with Viligen, FB1 (quadratic, P < 0.05), FB2 (quadratic, P = 0.083), and total toxin (quadratic, P = 0.055) increased on d 3 then reduced on d 7. There appeared (linear, P < 0.01) to be evidence that Viligen reduced FUM content in meal diets over time, suggesting one or more of the components might have mitigation properties. However, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service3Swine Day 2019based on previous work with FUM, the magnitude of reduction is likely not large enough to have an appreciable effect on nursery pig performance.Brand names appearing in this publication are for product identification purposes only. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. Persons using such products assume responsibility for their use in accordance with current label directions of the manufacturer.Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service4Swine Day 2019Table 1. Diet composition (as-fed basis)Item Diet Ingredients, %Fumonisin corn 64.71Soybean meal 28.00Soybean oil 3.00Monocalcium phosphate 0.85Calcium carbonate 0.75Sodium chloride 0.60L-Lysine HCl 0.55DL-Methionine 0.21L-Threonine 0.23L-Tryptophan 0.06L-Valine 0.16Vitamin premix 0.25Trace mineral premix 0.15Phytase1 0.08Viligen2 --2Total 100Standard ileal digestible (SID) amino acids, %Lysine 1.30Isoleucine:lysine 53Leucine:lysine 111Methionine:lysine 36Met and cysteine:lysine 56Threonine:lysine 63Tryptophan:lysine 20.0Valine:lysine 69Histidine:lysine 35Net energy, kcal/lb 1,151Crude protein, % 19.8Calcium, % 0.61STTD P,3 % 0.441Ronozyme HiPhos GT 2700 (DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland) provided 306 FTU per lb of feed and an expected P release of 0.10%.2Viligen™ (Alltech, Lexington, KY) was added (0.15%) at the expense of fumonisin corn for diet with Viligen.3STTD P = standardized total tract digestible phosphorus. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service5Swine Day 2019Table 2. The effect of Viligen™, feed form, and storage time (day) on fumonisin concentrations1,2Without Viligen™ With Viligen™Meal Pellet Meal Pellet Probability, P3,4Item d 0 d 3 d 7 d 0 d 3 d 7 d 0 d 3 d 7 d 0 d 3 d 7 V×F×D V×F V×D F×DFB1 30.3 30.1 31.2 29.0 30.3 28.1 31.0 30.5 28.5 29.4 31.3 29.4 0.072 0.778 0.061 0.893FB2 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.2 7.6 7.0 7.6 7.4 7.0 7.3 7.7 7.3 0.169 0.925 0.103 0.127FB3 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 0.274 0.486 0.176 0.138Total 41.6 41.4 42.9 39.9 41.7 38.7 42.4 41.7 39.2 40.5 43.0 40.4 0.090 0.907 0.067 0.0931Fumonisin was analyzed using HPLC (Neogen, Lansing, MI).2SEM were calculated by each treatment:Meal without Viligen: FB1 (1.033), FB2 (0.221), FB3 (0.123), Total (0.123).Pellet without Viligen: FB1 (0.461), FB2 (0.118), FB3 (0.049), Total (0.049).Meal with Viligen: FB1 (0.486), FB2 (0.143), FB3 (0.068), Total (0.068).Pellet with Viligen: FB1 (0.795), FB2 (0.195), FB3 (0.113), Total (0.113).3V = with or without Viligen. F = meal or pelleted form. D = storage time (0, 3, and 7 d).4Main effects are not shown as there was no evidence of differences (P > 0.10).Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service6Swine Day 2019Table 3. The effect of storage time on fumonisin concentrations within treatment1Storage time (d) Probability, PItem 0 3 7 SEM Linear QuadraticMeal without Viligen™FB1 30.3 30.1 31.2 0.976 0.471 0.612FB2 7.5 7.5 7.7 0.217 0.490 0.717FB3 3.9 3.8 4.0 0.120 0.534 0.612Total 41.6 41.4 42.9 1.296 0.474 0.625Meal with Viligen™FB1 31.0 30.5 28.5 0.348 < 0.001 0.185FB2 7.6 7.4 7.0 0.136 0.007 0.756FB3 3.8 3.8 3.6 0.063 0.202 0.387Total 42.4 41.7 39.2 0.660 < 0.001 0.272Pellet without Viligen™FB1 29.0 30.3 28.1 0.312 0.205 < 0.001FB2 7.2 7.6 7.0 0.110 0.191  0.005FB3 3.7 3.9 3.6 0.041 0.089 0.001Total 39.9 41.7 38.7 0.454 0.038 < 0.001Pellet with Viligen™FB1 29.4 31.3 29.4 0.719 0.837 0.041FB2 7.3 7.7 7.3 0.190 0.748 0.083FB3 3.8 3.9 3.7 0.110 0.676 0.224Total 40.5 43.0 40.4 1.090 0.800 0.0551Fumonisin was analyzed using HPLC (Neogen, Lansing, MI).

Effect of Viligen™, Feed Form, and Storage Time on Fumonisin Concentrations in Corn

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Effect of Viligen™, Feed Form, and Storage Time on Fumonisin Concentrations in Corn

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