Crop production is dependent on many factors, most notably, environmental conditions during the growing season. Here, we summarize the environmental conditions during the 2017 growing season in comparison to previous years and the historical averages. Information on crop yields is taken from reported values and yields from variety trials in southeast and east central Kansas

Lin, X.

Lingenfelser, J.

Mengarelli, L.

Sassenrath, G. F.

Shoup, D. E.

Kansas State University

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume 4 Issue 3 Southeast Agricultural Research Center Reports Article 12 2018 Crop Production Summary, Southeast Kansas – 2017 G. F. Sassenrath Kansas State University, gsassenrath@ksu.edu L. Mengarelli Kansas State University, mengo57@ksu.edu J. Lingenfelser Kansas State University, jling@ksu.edu See next page for additional authors This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 2018 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Contents of this publication may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. Brand names appearing in this publication are for product identification purposes only. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr  Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Sassenrath, G. F.; Mengarelli, L.; Lingenfelser, J.; Lin, X.; and Shoup, D. E. (2018) "Crop Production Summary, Southeast Kansas – 2017," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 4: Iss. 3. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7573 Crop Production Summary, Southeast Kansas – 2017 Abstract Crop production is dependent on many factors, most notably, environmental conditions during the growing season. Here, we summarize the environmental conditions during the 2017 growing season in comparison to previous years and the historical averages. Information on crop yields is taken from reported values and yields from variety trials in southeast and east central Kansas. Keywords crop production, corn, wheat, soybeans Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Authors G. F. Sassenrath, L. Mengarelli, J. Lingenfelser, X. Lin, and D. E. Shoup This cropping systems research is available in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol4/iss3/12 2018 SEARCAgricultural ResearchKansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service1Crop Production Summary, Southeast Kansas – 2017 G.F. Sassenrath, L. Mengarelli, J. Lingenfelser, X. Lin, and D. Shoup SummaryCrop production in southeast Kansas in 2017.IntroductionCrop production is dependent on many factors, most notably, environmental condi-tions during the growing season. Here, we summarize the environmental conditions during the 2017 growing season in comparison to previous years and the historical aver-ages. Information on crop yields is taken from reported values and yields from variety trials in southeast and east central Kansas. Experimental ProceduresThe Kansas State University Crop Performance Tests were conducted in replicated research fields throughout the state. This report summarizes crop production for southeast and eastern Kansas, focusing on crops grown at Parsons, Columbus, and Erie. Please see individual variety results at the K-State Crop Performance Test webpage (http://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/services/crop-performance-tests/). Weather information was collected from the Kansas Mesonet site (http://mesonet.k-state.edu/weather/historical/). Historical data from the Parsons and Columbus sta-tions were used in preparing these reports. Results and DiscussionWeatherRainfallTotal rainfall for 2017 was the highest in the past seven years (Figure 1A), with more than 49 in. of rainfall for the year. A very wet spring from April to mid-June was fol-lowed by continuous showers throughout the summer. A strong storm system brought more than 4 in. of rain on August 16, to bring the summer growing season rainfall total to more than 38 in. of rain, much greater than the 7-year average of 24.14 in. (Figure 1B). Late fall and winter rainfalls were less, and closer to average. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service22018 SEARC Agricultural ResearchTemperatureTemperatures in 2017 were below average. A two-week warm period in mid-July was the only significant high-temperature period in the growing season, with 16 days above 90°F (Figure 1A) and only one day above 95°F. WindKansas is known for its windy days. One measure of wind is “wind run”, which is the cumulative miles of wind received in a day. Early spring is our windiest period, with av-erage wind run exceeding 5500 miles per day (Figure 3). Late summer is the least windy period. The 2017 spring was windier than average, with monthly wind run exceeding 6000 miles per day. Conversely, the late summer was less windy than normal, with aver-age monthly wind run falling below 3000 miles per day. Crop ProductionTwenty hard red wheat cultivars were grown at Parsons in 2017. The hard red win-ter wheat yields (57.1 bu/a) were greater than the 7-year average yield of 43.8 bu/a in southeast Kansas, and ranged from 36.5 to 69.9 bu/a (Figure 4). Fourteen soft red wheat cultivars produced an average of 77.8 bu/a, which was greater than the 7-year av-erage yield of 64.7 bu/a and ranged from 60.9 to 91.9 bu/a. Fungal pressure was greater in 2017, primarily because of the high rainfall during late spring and early summer (Figure 1B). Fungicide studies showed a yield increase in 2017 from 35 bu/a to 62 bu/a with fungicide use (Sassenrath, unpublished data). Twenty eight cultivars of full season corn were tested at Erie, with average yield (159 bu/a) very near the 7-year average yield (152 bu/a), and a range from 127 to 188 bu/a (Figure 5A). This was greater than the 7-year county average yield of 100 bu/a. Twenty-seven short season corn varieties were tested at Parsons, with an average yield of 142 bu/a, and a range of 124 to 152 bu/a (Figure 5B). This is slightly greater than the county average yield for 2017 of 132 bu/a, and greater than the 7-year county average yield. Twenty two cultivars of soybeans from maturity groups (MG) 3-4 were tested, with an average yield of 46.7 bu/a, and a range of 33 to 55 bu/a, which equaled the 7-year aver-age, and was greater than the county average of 37 bu/a (Figure 6A). Forty-five cultivars of soybeans from MG 4-5 were tested, with an average yield equivalent to the earlier maturity and the 7-year average. The range was similar from 36 to 55 bu/a. Grain sorghum yields were higher in 2017 for the 22 cultivars tested, with an average yield of 135 bu/a and a range from 51 to 186 bu/a (Figure 7). This is quite a bit higher than the average variety trial yield of 85 bu/a, and 7-year average yield from southeast Kansas of 63 bu/a. Note that many of the lowest-yielding sorghum cultivars had the highest percentage of lodging (Table 1). It is possible that lodging resulted from larger seed heads, as the average wind run was slightly below normal in 2017 (Figure 3). Fourteen cultivars of oil-seed sunflowers were grown in 2017, with an average yield of 722 lb/a and a range from 553 to 947 lb/a (Figure 8). This is well below the state aver-age. Note, however, that county-level data for sunflower production are not available as Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service32018 SEARC Agricultural Researchthe total acres of oil-seed sunflowers planted in southeast Kansas is low, so most of the yield data are from irrigated sunflower production in western Kansas counties. Conclusions2017 was a very average year for crop production, with near-average yields in most crops. The notable exception was sorghum that yielded significantly more than in previ-ous years. In contrast, weather conditions were substantially different than normal, with rainfall 15 inches greater than average. Temperatures were also cooler than aver-age during the summer growing season, which would be expected to increase corn and soybean yields. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service42018 SEARC Agricultural ResearchTable 1. Sorghum yield data from the southeast Kansas Variety Trials 2017 Parsons, Kansas Grain Sorghum Performance Test, Labette CountyBrand Name Yield PAVG MOISTTest weightPlant height Days LodgePlants per acrebu/a ---------- % ---------- lb/bu in. bloom %Check Early 91.2 67.3 13.5 60.3 46.8 48.5 0 70312Check Late 180.7 133.4 13.6 61.6 55.3 56.3 0 75599Check Medium 126.2 93.2 13.4 60.6 50.3 49.3 0 75046Chromatin CHR0029 167.0 123.3 13.7 61.1 60.5 60.3 0 73231Chromatin CHR0072 118.4 87.4 13.6 63.4 51.3 57.0 0 72758Chromatin CHR2042 143.9 106.2 13.7 61.6 62.5 56.8 1 73626DEKALB DKS28-05 94.0 69.4 13.3 60.3 44.5 47.3 0 75599DEKALB DKS37-07 146.1 107.9 13.5 61.8 51.0 53.3 0 68418DEKALB DKS38-16 167.3 123.6 13.5 63.6 51.5 53.5 0 72758DEKALB DKS45-23 171.6 126.7 13.6 62.9 59.8 57.0 0 74336DEKALB DKS51-01 172.2 127.1 13.6 61.5 61.8 57.5 0 75757DEKALB DKS53-53 186.2 137.5 13.8 61.5 60.5 59.5 0 70390Dyna-Gro GX15371 50.6 37.4 14.1 63.2 58.5 61.0 83 75993Dyna-Gro GX16367 169.7 125.3 13.5 61.1 62.5 56.3 0 65498Dyna-Gro GX16833 81.8 60.4 14.0 62.7 60.8 60.5 53 71811Dyna-Gro GX16855 79.6 58.7 13.8 62.1 64.3 59.0 71 57370Dyna-Gro GX17818 130.8 96.6 13.9 61.0 55.3 61.8 30 69996Dyna-Gro M60GB31 142.3 105.1 13.3 66.0 54.8 54.8 0 70943Dyna-Gro M73GR55 117.1 86.5 14.2 61.1 64.8 64.3 39 69917Dyna-Gro M74GB17 149.2 110.2 13.7 61.9 62.3 57.8 1 67234Golden Acres 5556 129.5 95.6 13.4 61.7 50.0 51.5 0 72284Golden Acres 3960B 164.4 121.4 13.5 61.8 53.0 54.0 0 70312Average 135.4 100.0 13.6 61.9 56.4 56.2 13 71327CV (%) 8.7 8.7 1.8 -- 3.2 1.6 -- 5LSD (0.05) 16.7 12.3 0.3 -- 2.5 1.3 -- 5022*Yields in bold in the top LSD group. Yields must differ by more than the LSD value to be considered statistically different. Planted: 6/7/2017.Harvested: 10/26/2017. 150-46-0 N, P, K.Available online at https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/services/crop-performance-tests/documents/sorghum/17gs-LBD.pdf. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service52018 SEARC Agricultural ResearchCumulative rainfall, in.January55504540353025201510502017, 49.03”2015, 46.87”2016, 44.26”2013, 34.65”Avg, 33.65”2014, 24.52”2012, 22.93”2011, 13.28”NovemberOctoberSeptemberAugustJulyJuneMayAprilMarchFebruaryDecemberCumulative rainfall, in.4540353025201510502017, 38.04”2015, 31.6”2016, 31.6”2013, 19.6”Avg, 24.14”2014, 19.6”2012, 17.5”2011, 11.1”2011201220132014201520162017Average2011201220132014201520162017AverageABMarch AugustJulyJuneMayApril SeptemberDay of yearFigure 1. Cumulative rainfall at Parsons during the calendar year (A) and the summer crop production season (B). Seven-year average included for comparison. Rainfall total in inches given after each year. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service62018 SEARC Agricultural ResearchDays temperature exceeded 90°FJune 1 July 1 July 31 Aug 30 Sept 29May 2807060504030201002011201220132014201520162017AverageADays temperature exceeded 95°FJune 1 July 1 July 31 Aug 30 Sept 29May 2504540353025201510502011201220132014201520162017AverageBDay of the yearFigure 2. Temperature patterns and extremes at Parsons during 2017 and preceding years during the year (A) and the summer growing season (B). Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service72018 SEARC Agricultural ResearchMiles per dayMar May Jul Oct DecJan Apr Jun Aug NovSepFeb7,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00002017AverageFigure 3. Average monthly wind run in southeast Kansas. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service82018 SEARC Agricultural ResearchWheat yield, bu/a2012 2013 2014 2015 201720162011120100806040200AWheat yield, bu/a2012 2013 2014 2015 20172016201112010080604020BSoutheast Kansas averageFigure 4. Winter wheat yield for (A) hard red wheat and (B) soft wheat from variety trials in southeast Kansas from 2011 through 2017. The line in the middle of the box plots is the median yield of all varieties. The upper and lower quartiles are given by the upper and lower edges of the boxes. The maximum and minimum values are given by the upper and lower “whiskers” extending from the box. Outliers are given as solid circles. For compari-son, average reported yields from southeast Kansas are highlighted as a red X. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service92018 SEARC Agricultural ResearchCorn yield, bu/a2012 2013 2014 2015 201720162011300250200150100500ACorn yield, bu/a2012 2013 2014 2015 201720162011300250200150100500BCounty averageFigure 5. Full season corn at Erie (A) and short season corn at Parsons (B) from variety tri-als grown from 2011 through 2017. For comparison, average reported county yields from southeast Kansas are highlighted as a red X. 2016 corn variety trial data from Franklin County was used, as variety trial data from southeast Kansas was not available.Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service102018 SEARC Agricultural ResearchSoybean yield, bu/a2012 2013 2014 2015 201720162011706050403020100ASoybean yield, bu/a2012 2013 2014 2015 201720162011706050403020100BCounty averageFigure 6. Soybeans from (A) MG3-4 and (B) MG4-5 from variety trials grown from 2011 through 2017. For comparison, average reported county yields from southeast Kansas are highlighted as a red X.Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service112018 SEARC Agricultural ResearchSoutheast Kansas averageSorghum yield, bu/a2012 2013 2014 2015 201720162011200150100500Figure 7. Grain sorghum from variety trials grown from 2011 through 2017. For compari-son, average reported yields from southeast Kansas are highlighted as a red X.State averageSunower yield, bu/a2012 2013 2014 2015 2017201620111,6001,4001,2001,0008006004002000Figure 8. Oil-seed sunflowers from variety trials grown from 2011 through 2017. For com-parison, average reported Kansas state yields are highlighted as a red X.

Crop Production Summary, Southeast Kansas – 2017

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Crop Production Summary, Southeast Kansas – 2017

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