Barnes, Philip L.

Maddux, Larry D.

Kansas State University

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume 0 Issue 12 Keeping up with Research Article 21 2003 Corn-Soybean Cropping Sequences in the Kansas River Valley Larry D. Maddux Philip L. Barnes This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 2003 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Contents of this publication may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. Brand names appearing in this publication are for product identification purposes only. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr Recommended Citation Maddux, Larry D. and Barnes, Philip L. (2003) "Corn-Soybean Cropping Sequences in the Kansas River Valley," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 0: Iss. 12. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7258 Corn-Soybean Cropping Sequences in the Kansas River Valley Keywords Keeping up with research; SRL 136 (Mar. 2003); Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station contribution; no. 03-301-S; Corn; Soybean; Cropping sequence; Kansas River valley Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This research report is available in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol0/iss12/21 Corn-SoybeanCropping Sequencesin the Kansas River ValleyL. D. Maddux, AgronomistP. L. Barnes, Research Irrigation EngineerMuch of the corn in the Kansas River valley is contin-uous corn. Research in other areas has shown that cornfollowing a previous soybean crop yields more thancorn following corn. It is likely that at least some of thisyield increase is attributable to nitrogen fixed by the pre-vious soybean crop when N is insufficient on corn fol-lowing corn. Research has also shown that soybeansgrown in a cropping sequence with corn or grain sor-ghum yield more than continuous soybeans.ProcedureA study conducted at the Kansas River Valley Experi-ment Field from 1979 through 1987 was designed toevaluate various corn-soybean cropping sequencesand nitrogen rates. The cropping sequences includedcontinuous corn and soybeans, first and second yearcorn following soybeans, soybeans following 1 year ofcorn, and soybeans following 2 years of corn. The con-tinuous soybeans and each corn crop received annualapplications of nitrogen at 0, 75, 150, and 225 poundsper acre. The soybeans in the cropping sequence re-ceived no nitrogen, but were evaluated for their re-sponse to possible residual N from the treatments ap-plied to the previous corn crop(s).The plots were initiated in 1978, so the 1979 data didnot include the 3-year cropping sequences. The plotswere disked and chiseled in the fall when weather con-This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.Desoto- 1983- 1984; and Sherman—1987. The ni-trogen fertilizer treatments were applied in early April asanhydrous ammonia. Corn was planted in mid-Apriland soybeans in early May. Fertilizer (130 lbs 8-32-16/a) was banded at planting on all corn and soybean plots.Herbicides were applied preplant, incorporated, and acorn rootworm insecticide was applied in the furrow atplanting. Both crops were cultivated and furrowed forSoybeans-Corn-CornContinuous CornLSD (.05)Cropping Sequence Means:Corn-SoybeansCorn-Soybeans-CornSoybeans-Corn-CornContinuous CornLSD (.05)Nitrogen Means:lbs/a — bu/a —Soybeans-Corn 075150225Corn-Soybeans-Corn 075150225075150225075150225146 108 93 89 154 125 101 117149 147 118 168 166 163 126 148157 146 137 158 180 161 145 155155 137 127 160 188 149 149 152105 124 118 - 124 116 81 111148 160 118 - 178 157 147 151159 161 134 - 180 168 157 160145 141 150 - 169 150 128 147- 78 59 58 - 82 48 65- 132 114 138 - 162 135 136- 143 133 161 - 169 143 150- 135 132 149 - 161 141 14480 77 63 57 72 66 49 66125 126 102 134 150 151 110 128137 142 126 169 170 168 139 150135 126 120 155 166 154 138 142NS NS NS 21 30 21 20 15ditions permitted and were disked in the spring when apreplant, incorporated herbicide was applied. Cornwas planted at 26,200 seeds per acre in 30-inch rowsand soybeans were planted at 10 seeds per foot of30-inch row. Corn hybrids planted were: Bo-Jac 56-1979-1982; Bo-Jac 601—1983; and Pioneer Brand3377-1983-1987. Soybean varieties planted were:Union—1979-1981; Douglas-1982, 1985, 1986;Table 1. Effect of annual cropping sequence and N rate on corn yield.Cropping N YieldSequence 1 Rate 1979 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Avg152 135 119 144 172 149 130 143140 146 130 — 163 148 128 142— 122 109 127 — 143 117 124119 118 102 129 139 135 109 12214 NS 15 NS 24 NS 7 140 111 97 83 68 117 97 70 9075 141 141 113 147 165 158 130 141150 151 148 133 163 177 167 146 154225 145 135 132 155 174 153 139 146LSD (.05) 15 11 14 12 17 10 10 71Yields are for the final corn in the cropping sequence listed.This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.irrigation and irrigated as needed. Crops were har-vested with a combine adapted for plot harvesting.In 1979, 1981, and 1982, total dry matter and Ncontent at physiological maturity were measured on the0 N plots of the corn following soybeans and continuouscorn plots in an effort to evaluate the amount of N con-tributed by the previous soybean crop.ResultsCorn Yields. Yields were depressed by hot weatherin 1980 and by hail in 1981, but were good in 1979 andfrom 1982-87 (Table 1). Because of the poor yields in1980 and 1981, these years were not included in theaverage. Corn following soybeans with no applied ni-Table 2. Effect of annual cropping sequence and N rate on soybean yield.Cropping N YieldSequence 1 Rate 1979 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Avglbs/a —bu/a—Corn -Soybeans 0 60.4 57.3 69.9 60.9 59.8 57.7 74.5 61.0 62.775 60.4 52.7 64.8 61.0 64.2 55.4 67.3 60.3 60.8150 57.8 55.3 66.0 61.9 59.1 54.9 71.2 62.1 61.1225 58.0 56.7 66.6 58.4 57.9 55.5 66.0 62.5 60.2Corn -Corn -Soybeans 0 — 59.4 65.5 65.6 65.7 50.6 67.8 67.6 61.675 — 54.1 68.5 64.6 64.1 56.3 61.2 70.8 62.8150 — 59.5 69.2 63.0 67.9 53.4 64.4 70.1 62.9225 — 56.0 63.3 61.5 67.1 58.5 64.0 65.4 61.5Continuous Soybeans 0 58.6 54.0 63.2 65.9 45.8 53.9 60.7 68.8 58.975 58.8 50.4 57.2 62.9 47.0 53.3 62.7 68.0 57.5150 61.4 54.6 58.8 61.8 44.0 54.5 65.0 63.3 57.9225 60.9 48.7 58.9 59.3 35.8 51.4 61.9 60.8 54.7LSD (.05)Cropping Sequence Means:Corn-SoybeansCorn-Corn-SoybeansContinuous SoybeansLSD (.05)NS NS NS NS NS 4.6 NS NS NS59.1 55.5 66.8 60.5 60.3 55.9 69.8 61.5 61.2— 57.2 66.6 63.6 66.2 54.7 64.3 68.5 62.259.9 51.9 59.5 62.4 43.1 53.3 62.6 65.2 57.2NS 3.5 3.3 NS 5.5 NS 5.3 2.9 1.5Nitrogen Means:LSD (.05)0 58.7 56.9 66.2 64.1 57.1 54.0 67.7 65.8 61.175 60.1 52.4 63.5 62.8 58.4 55.0 63.7 66.4 60.4150 58.8 56.5 64.6 62.2 57.0 54.2 66.9 65.2 61.6225 59.2 53.8 62.9 59.7 53.6 55.1 64.0 62.9 58.8NS 3.2 NS 2.6 NS NS NS NS NSThis publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.Table 3. Effect of cropping sequence on total dry matter and total N uptake.Cropping Total Dry MatterSequence 1 1979 1981 1982Total N Uptake1979 1981 1982Soybeans-CornCorn-Soybeans-CornSoybeans-Corn-CornContinuous Cornlbs/a —bu/a—16408 14528 10303 122.4 151.8 95.1— 11513 11116 111.0 111.5— 10567 8345 103.7 66.811783 10804 8280 65.3 107.7 66.2LSD (.05) 909 NS 2021 55.6 NS 19.11Dry matter and N uptake are for the final corn in the cropping sequence listed.trogen yielded from 30 to 82 bushels per acre morethan continuous corn (51 bu/a avg.). The addition of75 pounds N per acre decreased this average yield dif-ferential to 20 bushels per acre. There was still a slighttrend of increased yield for corn following soybeans atthe 150 pounds N per acre rate. However, these yieldadvantages disappeared in second year corn after soy-beans. Nitrogen fertilization up to 150 pounds N peracre increased yields in all years, with no significant in-crease in yield occurring with the next 75 pound N peracre increment (225 lb N/a).Soybean Yields. Yields were good except in 1981when hail occurred (Table 2). Soybean yields were notaffected by the hot weather in 1980, as corn yieldswere. Soybeans following corn have yielded more thancontinuous soybeans by an average of 4.0 bushels peracre (ranging from -3.7 to 17.2 bushels per acre). Theyield advantage for soybeans following corn in 1982and 1984 was attributed partly to a high infestation ofeastern black nightshade in the continuous soybeans.This emphasizes the advantage of using a cropping se-quence to help control weeds that could become prob-lems in a monoculture system. Granular Lasso was ap-plied over the row from 1983 to 1987 in an effort tocontrol the black nightshade. Good control was ob-tained in 1983 and 1985 to 1987, but control was poorin 1984. Application of 225 pounds N per acre signifi-cantly decreased yields of continuous soybeans in 1984(caused mainly by more black nightshade), but thesame trend was evident in other years.Nitrogen Uptake. The data collected in 1979,1981, and 1982 indicate that corn following soybeanswith no applied N had more total dry matter and moreN uptake than continuous corn. Corn following soy-beans ranged from 28.9 pounds more total N uptakethan continuous corn per acre in 1982 to 57.1 lb/a in1979, with 1981 being intermediate. However, the1981 data were collected from corn that received signif-icant hail damage, and the 1982 data were collectedfrom corn following soybeans, which yielded well buthad been heavily defoliated by hail in 1981. If the N up-take figures for these two years are discounted, and thevalue obtained in 1979 is compared to the 1978 soy-bean yield, the result is approximately 1 pound of Nproduced per bushel of previous soybean crop. Thisagrees closely with values previously reported in theliterature.SummaryYields of corn following a previous soybean cropaveraged 51 bushels per acre higher than yields of con-tinuous corn when no N was applied. This yield advan-tage decreased as N fertilization rate increased to150 pounds N per acre. Soybeans following cornyielded an average of 4 bushels per acre higher thancontinuous soybeans. Nitrogen uptake data suggestthat 1 pound of N per bushel of soybeans can be sup-plied to a subsequent corn crop, when no N fertilizer isapplied.Contribution 88-374-S from the KAES.Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan 66506April 1988Keeping Up With Research 97Publications and public meetings by the KansasAgricultural Experiment Station are available andopen to the public regardless of race, color, na-tional origin, sex, or handicap. 4-88—3MThis publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.

Corn-Soybean Cropping Sequences in the Kansas River Valley (1988)

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Corn-Soybean Cropping Sequences in the Kansas River Valley (2003)

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