Se estudia el significado paleoambiental de los isótopos estables de C y O de la concha del

gasterópodo irregular Dendropoma, considerado un marcador del nivel medio del mar, procedentes

de terrazas pertenecientes al Ultimo Interglaciar de Fuerteventura y Lanzarote (Islas Canarias, España),

y de la isla de Sal (Cabo Verde). Se compara con la señal actual de Dendropoma sp. de la isla de Sal,

y D. petraeum del Cabo de Palos (Murcia, España). El rango de valores es casi siempre menor a 1 ä,

excepto para ä13C de los ejemplares de Fuerteventura (3,57‰) y ä18O de los de Cabo de Palos

(2,09‰). La diferencia entre ä18O de los ejemplares de Fuerteventura con respecto a los de la isla de

Sal, si la salinidad no cambió, probablemente refleja una diferencia de 3-4 ºC en la temperatura de la

superficie del agua del mar (SST) de ambas zonas, similar a la que existe actualmente. Para la isla de

Sal, en ausencia de cambios de salinidad y volumen de hielo, la diferencia de SST entre el Ultimo

Interglacial y el Presente Interglacial sería de 2 ºC.

[ABSTRACT]

We study the paleoenvironmental significance of the C and O isotopes of the irregular

coiled gastropod Dendropoma, a remarkable biological marker of mean sea level, of sediments aged

as Last Interglacial from Fuerteventura and Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain), and from the Sal

Island (Cape Verde). Recent Dendropoma sp. from the Sal Island and D. petraeum from Cabo de

Palos (Murcia, Spain) are also utilized. Range of results generally is lower than 1 ä, both for the C

and O, except for the ä18O in Cabo de Palos (2,09‰), and for the ä13C from Fuerteventura (3,57‰).

Differences between ä18O shells of the Last Interglacial (LI) from Fuerteventura with respect to that

of Cape Verde, if salinity do not changed, probably reflects differences of 3-4 ºC in the sea surface

temperature (SST), similar to the Recent. In Sal Island, if salinity and ice-volume do not changed, the

difference between SST of the LI and Recent probably was of 2 ºC

Calvo, M.

Civis Llovera, Jorge

Dabrio, Cristino J.

González Delgado, José Ángel

Goy Goy, José Luis

Templado, J.

Zazo Cardeña , Caridad

Se estudia el significado paleoambiental de los isótopos estables de C y O de la concha del
gasterópodo irregular Dendropoma, considerado un marcador del nivel medio del mar, procedentes
de terrazas pertenecientes al Ultimo Interglaciar de Fuerteventura y Lanzarote (Islas Canarias, España),
y de la isla de Sal (Cabo Verde). Se compara con la señal actual de Dendropoma sp. de la isla de Sal,
y D. petraeum del Cabo de Palos (Murcia, España). El rango de valores es casi siempre menor a 1 ä,
excepto para ä13C de los ejemplares de Fuerteventura (3,57‰) y ä18O de los de Cabo de Palos
(2,09‰). La diferencia entre ä18O de los ejemplares de Fuerteventura con respecto a los de la isla de
Sal, si la salinidad no cambió, probablemente refleja una diferencia de 3-4 ºC en la temperatura de la
superficie del agua del mar (SST) de ambas zonas, similar a la que existe actualmente. Para la isla de
Sal, en ausencia de cambios de salinidad y volumen de hielo, la diferencia de SST entre el Ultimo
Interglacial y el Presente Interglacial sería de 2 ºC.
[ABSTRACT]
We study the paleoenvironmental significance of the C and O isotopes of the irregular
coiled gastropod Dendropoma, a remarkable biological marker of mean sea level, of sediments aged
as Last Interglacial from Fuerteventura and Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain), and from the Sal
Island (Cape Verde). Recent Dendropoma sp. from the Sal Island and D. petraeum from Cabo de
Palos (Murcia, Spain) are also utilized. Range of results generally is lower than 1 ä, both for the C
and O, except for the ä18O in Cabo de Palos (2,09‰), and for the ä13C from Fuerteventura (3,57‰).
Differences between ä18O shells of the Last Interglacial (LI) from Fuerteventura with respect to that
of Cape Verde, if salinity do not changed, probably reflects differences of 3-4 ºC in the sea surface
temperature (SST), similar to the Recent. In Sal Island, if salinity and ice-volume do not changed, the
difference between SST of the LI and Recent probably was of 2 ºC.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Dabrio González, Cristino José

Docta Complutense

207Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 18(3-4), 2005PALEOENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF C AND O ISOTOPICSIGNAL IN LAST INTERGLACIAL GASTROPOD DENDROPOMA SHELLCONCENTRATIONS FROM CANARY (SPAIN) AND SAL (CAPE VERDE)ISLANDSJ. A. González-Delgado1, C. Zazo2, J. L. Goy1, J. Civis1, J. Templado2, M. Calvo 2 and C. J. Dabrio31 Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain. angel@usal.es2 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain3 Departamento de Estratigrafía, Facultad de Geología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, SpainResumen: Se estudia el significado paleoambiental de los isótopos estables de C y O de la concha delgasterópodo irregular Dendropoma, considerado un marcador del nivel medio del mar, procedentesde terrazas pertenecientes al Ultimo Interglaciar de Fuerteventura y Lanzarote (Islas Canarias, España),y de la isla de Sal (Cabo Verde). Se compara con la señal actual de Dendropoma sp. de la isla de Sal,y D. petraeum del Cabo de Palos (Murcia, España). El rango de valores es casi siempre menor a 1 ä,excepto para ä13C de los ejemplares de Fuerteventura (3,57 %o) y ä18O de los de Cabo de Palos(2,09%o). La diferencia entre ä18O de los ejemplares de Fuerteventura con respecto a los de la isla deSal, si la salinidad no cambió, probablemente refleja una diferencia de 3-4 ºC en la temperatura de lasuperficie del agua del mar (SST) de ambas zonas, similar a la que existe actualmente. Para la isla deSal, en ausencia de cambios de salinidad y volumen de hielo, la diferencia de SST entre el UltimoInterglacial y el Presente Interglacial sería de 2 ºC.Palabras clave: Isótopos estables de C y O, paleoambientes, gasterópodos, Ultimo Interglaciar,Canarias, Cabo Verde.Abstract: We study the paleoenvironmental significance of the C and O isotopes of the irregularcoiled gastropod Dendropoma, a remarkable biological marker of mean sea level, of sediments agedas Last Interglacial from Fuerteventura and Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain), and from the SalIsland (Cape Verde). Recent Dendropoma sp. from the Sal Island and D. petraeum from Cabo dePalos (Murcia, Spain) are also utilized.  Range of results generally is lower than 1 ä, both for the Cand O, except for the ä18O in Cabo de Palos (2,09%o), and for the ä13C from Fuerteventura (3,57%o).Differences between ä18O shells of the Last Interglacial (LI) from Fuerteventura with respect to thatof Cape Verde, if salinity do not changed, probably reflects differences of 3-4 ºC in the sea surfacetemperature (SST), similar to the Recent. In Sal Island, if salinity and ice-volume do not changed, thedifference between SST of the LI and Recent probably was of 2 ºC.Key words: Stable isotopes of C and O, paleoenvironments, gastropods, Last Interglacial, CanaryIslands, Cape Verde.González-Delgado, J.A., Zazo, C., Goy, J.L., Civis, J., Templado, J., Calvo, M. and Dabrio, C. J.(2005). Paleoenvironmental significance of C and O isotopic signal in Last Interglacial gastropoddendropoma shell concentrations from Canary (Spain) and Sal (Cape Verde) islands. Revista de laSociedad Geológica de España, 18 (3-4): 207-211The Vermetid Dendropoma is an irregular-coiledgastropod, and some of their species form densepaucispecific aggregations on rocky shores at the lowerintertidal level, in areas semi-exposed to wave action.Because their food requirements they are mainlyciliariy suspension feeders-, their life habitat requireenvironments frees of pollution, turbulent waters, andwith low sedimentation rates (Calvo et al., 1998).Although Mediterranean recent species of thegenus,  D. petraeum  (Monterosato) ,  have alecithotrophic development (Calvo et al., 1998),without a pelagic larval phase, the geographical rangeextension of this taxon is relatively wide. It is presentin the warmest areas of the Mediterranean Sea andextend until the close Atlantic waters. In the SpanishMediterranean coasts, Dendropoma petraeum developsdense aggregations in their warmest sector, between laNao Cape and Gata Cape (SE Spain), and in theSouthern Balearic Islands (Ibiza and Formentera). It isalso present along the Alboran Sea until the Atlanticcoast of Conil de la Frontera (Cádiz) (Calvo, 1999). Ithas been also recorded in Corsica, Sicily, Tunisia,Malta, Crete, Syria, Lebanon and Israel (Moliner andPicard, 1954; Fevret and Sanlaville, 1966; Safriel,1974; Laborel, 1987; Al-Nimeh and Elassafin, 1996;Azzopardi  and Schembri ,  2000) .  A plausibleexplanation of the wide geographical range and of itspresence in such isolated islands as Alboran or208Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 18(3-4), 2005J. A. González-Delgado, C. Zazo, J. L. Goy, J. Civis, J. Templado, M. Calvo and C. J. DabrioColumbretes (about 80 and 60 km respectively from thenearest coast) may be that the sticky mucous trailsecreted by the pedal gland of the crawling young snailsbefore attachment allows relatively long dispersaldistances by marine currents. (Hughes, 1979; Calvo etal., 1998).As a result of this wide geographical distribution,the shell aggregations of Dendropoma acquire greatimportance in paleoenvironmental reconstructions,because they are considered as «remarkable biologicalmarker of mean sea level» (Fevret and Sanlaville, 1966;Laborel, 1987; Pirazzoli et al., 1991; Antonioli et al.,1999).Many studies of paleoenvironmental informationbased on stable C and O isotopes from mollusks havebeen carried in the past (i.e. Krantz et al., 1987; Kleinet al, 1996 among others), including the Gulf of Guineaand Canary Islands  (Cornu et al., 1993; GonzálezDelgado et al., 1998, 2000). Howewer, isotopic studieson Dendropoma are very scarce: Antonioli et al. (1998)recognized the medieval Little Ice Age from Oxygenstable isotopes of D. petraeum from the Tyrrenian Sea.In this work, we study stable C and O isotopes inDendropoma tubes collected from coeval localitieswidely apart from each other but very similar in age, inorder to contribute to explain paleoenvironmentalchanges of the water masses in that the gastropodsgrew. The preliminary isotopic results, related to 15samples, were advanced in González Delgado et al.(2003).Material and methods35 stable isotopic (C and O) samples were obtainedfrom several  specimens of   Dendropoma  shel laggregations genetically related to Last Interglacialdeposits in Eastern Canary Islands: Lanzarote andFuerteventura (Spain), and from Sal island (CapeVerde) (Fig. 1). The specimens from Lanzarote arelocated in «Caleta  de Famara» (N of  Teguise,coordenates: N 29º 7 1.2"; W 13º 33 45.4"), and areaged  as 129 ± 5,1 ka (OIS 5e, Zazo et al., 1997).Samples from Fuerteventura island come from «Puntadel Tigre» (Jandía peninsula, coordenates: N 28º 443.1"; W 14º 30 6.8", Fig. 2), correlated with marineEpisode XI (OIS 5e, Zazo et al., 2002). The shells fromSal island (Cape Verde) come «Punta do Leme Velho»,and its age probably corresponds to OIS 5e.The taphonomic signature of the Dendropomaconcentrations studied, mainly the presence of commonlife positions of the shells, preservation of the growthstages, very low pre-burial fragmentation and abrasion,and preservation of colour traces, suggest that thesamples collected closely correspond to in situagregations.In order to compare the isotopic results with that ofextant Dendropoma, we have  also sampled recentspecimens of D. petraeum (Monterosato), from thecoast of Cabo de Palos (Murcia, SE Spain), andDendropoma sp. from the Sal island (Cape Verde):North of Calheta de Fiura.After ultrasonic cleaning and removal of occasionalsurface microborings with a dental microdrill, shellswere micro-drilled longitudinally or reduced to powderin an agata mortar. The aim was to obtain an average ofthe life span of the animal. The organic material of theshells was eliminated in a plasma asher during a halfhour. The isotopic analyses were carried out at theServicio  General  de  Isótopos Estables  de laUniversidad de Salamanca, with a mass-spectrometerVG Prism-II. All the results are referred to standardPDB. Analytical precision of samples was 0.074 forthe Oxygen, and 0.161% for the Carbon (n=4).Results and discussionIsotopic results are shown in table I. The range andaverage values are plotted in table II.  Both C and Odata have differences between the diverse shells of thesame locality. Ranges of isotopic signal are alwayshigher in δ 13C than in δ 18O, and generally are lowerthan 1. The highest range of δ 13C corresponds to theLast Interglacial Dendropoma sp. from Fuerteventura,reaching 3.57, and for the δ18O, to the recentmediterranean Dendropoma petraeum ,  reaching2.09.If we considere the isotopic signal of the recent shells,the mediterranean  D. petraeum from Cabo de Palos,shows a range of 1.11 for the Carbon and 2.09δ for theOxygen. On the contrary, in recent Dendropoma sp. of theFigure 1.- Location map.209Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 18(3-4), 2005GASTROPOD STABLE ISOTOPES (C, O) OF THE LAST INTERGLACIAL IN CANARY AND CAPE VERDE ISLANDSSal island, the range is only 0.65 for the C, and 0.56for the O. This may be due to the taxonomical difference,and/or to environmental changes while the varioussampled individuals grew. Ranges in Last-Interglacialsamples show little differences from Sal island (0.36 forC and 0.31 for O), to Lanzarote (ranges C=0.47;O=0.15), and Fuerteventura (C=1,02; O=0.30).Lighter average values of ä13C in samples of Last-Interglacial age from Lanzarote (1.26) as comparedwith Fuerteventura (2.05) probably reflex strongercontinental influence. Last-Interglaciar samples of Salisland have values of 2.08, whereas the recent shellsof this island are the heaviest: 2.60. The lightestisotopic C values correspond to recent Dendropomapetraeum  f rom Cabo de Palos (0.40).  Thesedifferences can be related to environmental setting, orto vital effect differences between the Mediterranean D.petraeum and the Atlantic Dendropoma sp. It is alsoprobable that the isotopic signal in Cabo de Palos islighter due to the algal influence, because in theMediterranean Sea, the coastal Vermetid concentrationsare built by D. petraeum  and the Coralline algaNeogoniolithon notarisi (Dufour) (Laborel, 1987).Changes in  the Oxygen isotopic  s ignal  ofDendropoma are  re la ted to  var ia t ions  in  thetemperature and/or salinity of the marine waters werethey grew. Lighter δ18O values in Last-Interglacialsamples from Sal Island (0.13) are probably relatedto waters warmer than in Canary Islands. In contrast,the lighter δ18O values in Lanzarote (0.71) ascompared with that of the southern of Fuerteventura(0.93), located more to the South, are affected bylarger fresh water run-off from the «Risco de Famara».This assumption is further supported by the lighter Cisotopic signal in Lanzarote.Differences between δ18O of shells of the LastIn te rg lac ia l  (LI )  f rom Fuer teven tura  (CanaryIslands) with respect to that fo Cape Verde, if thesalinity do not changed, probably reflects differencesof 3-4ºC in the sea surface temperature (SST) duringthe LI between Fuerteventura and Sal islands. Therecent differences of temperature between bothislands are 5 ºC in February, and 4 ºC in AgostFigure 2.- Dendropoma sp. Last-Interglacial of «Punta del Tigre», Jandía. Fuerteventura Island. Scale bar: 2 cm.Table I.- Isotopic results. DPCP: Recent from Cabo de Palos, SAL:Recent from Sal island, SO3: Last Interglaciar (LI) from Sal, FAM: LIfrom Lanzarote, PT: LI from Fuerteventura.210Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 18(3-4), 2005(Gorshkov, 1978).In Sal Island, the δ18O values in samples of the samespecies of Dendropoma  increase from the Last-Interglacial (0.13) to the recent (0.51). As salinityis not likely to have changed significantly, we concludethat the difference probably reflects a higher SSTduring the LI with respect to the recent, closely to 2 ºC,if ice-volume does not changed significativelly. In themediterranean locality of La Marina (Alicante, East ofSpain), the isotopic differences between LI with respectto the recent, recorded from the Bivalve Arca noae,suggest an increase of 4 ºC in SST during LI  (Cabero,2005). Martrat el al. (2004), based in the alkenonerecord of ODP Site 977A, situated in the Alboran Sea(Western Mediterranean), reported the same differenceduring OIS 5e and recent SST. This suggests that thedifference between LI and the recent SST in theWestern Mediterranean was higher SST than in themore ecuatorial area of Cape Verde. Nevertheless,Pérez-Folgado et al. (2004), reported a difference of 2ºC in SST between the LI and the recent, based in themodern analog  techniques applied to planktonicForaminifera from ODP Site 977 A.AcknowlodgementsThis work has been supported by Spanish Ministerio deCiencia y Tecnología, Projects BTE2000-1311, BTE2002-01065 and BTE2002-1691ReferencesAl-Nimeh, M. and Elassafin, I. (1996): Vermetid reefs(Gastropoda: Vermetidae) on the coast of Syria. Zoology inthe Middle East, 13: 89-92Antonioli, F., Silenzi, S., Chemello, R. e Parello, F. (1998):Variazione della temperatura superficiale del Mare Tirrenodurante gli ultimi 4 secoli sulla base di analisi isotopiche sureef a Vermetidi. En: Atti 79º Congr. Naz. Soc. Geol. 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English

Paleoenvironmental significance of C and O isotopic signal in last interglacial gastropod Dendropoma shell concentrations from Canary (Spain) and Sal (Cape Verde) islands.

http://eprints.ucm.es/10697/1/2005_3_Dendropoma_RSGE.pdf

Paleoenvironmental significance of C and O isotopic signal in last interglacial gastropod Dendropoma shell concentrations from Canary (Spain) and Sal (Cape Verde) islands.

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