Influenza as a public health problem

Abstract

Virusi su sitni, jednostavno građeni mikroorganizmi koji se nastanjuju i umnožavaju u živim stanicama ljudi i životinja. Virusi gripe ili influence pripadaju porodici Orthomyxoviridae i dijele se na influencu tipa A, B i C. Influenca je akutna upala dišnog sustava koja se prenosi i širi kapljičnim putem što otežava prevenciju a kratka inkubacija otežava rano otkrivanje zaraze. Manifestira se općim kliničkim simptomima poput opće slabosti, temperature, bolova u mišićima, kašlja a potom se javljaju problemi dišnog i probavnog sustava. Savjeti prevencije zaraze su povećana higijena (pranje ruku, kihanje i kašljanje, korištenje jednokratnih maramica), izbjegavati veća okupljanja u periodu gripe, provjetravanje prostorija, pravilna prehrana bogata vitaminima, tjelesne aktivnosti na zraku, unos dovoljne količine tekućine, odmor, izbjegavati pothlađivanje, izbjegavati odlaske u zdravstvene ustanove i među potencijalno zaražene ljude. Drugi način prevencije je cijepljenje korištenjem dijelova virusa od prošle sezone. Liječiti se može influenca tipa A protuupalnim lijekovima koji mogu imati posljedice na središnji živčani sustav. Liječenje se uglavnom vrši simptomatski i mirovanjem i unosom tekućina i vitamina.Viruses are small, simple formed microorganisms that inhabit and multiply in the living cells of humans and animals. Flu or influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are divided into influenza type A, B and C. Influenza is an acute inflammation of the respiratory system that is transmitted and spreads through the veins, making prevention difficult and its short incubation period makes it difficult to detect the infection early. It manifests itself with common clinical symptoms such as general weakness, fever, muscle pain, coughs and then problems with the respiratory and digestive system. Tips for preventing the infection include increased hygiene (hand washing, safe sneezing and coughing, use of one-time handkerchiefs), avoiding larger gatherings in the flu season, ventilating the premises, eating a diet rich in vitamins, outdoor physical activities, taking enough fluids, relaxing, avoiding cold, avoiding going to healthcare facilities and avoiding potential infected people. Another way of prevention is by vaccination that uses parts of the virus from last season. A type A influenza drugs can be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs that may have effects on the central nervous system. Treatment is mostly performed symptomatically and with rest and intake of fluids and vitamins