Raveling, D.G.

Warner, D.W.

Prairie and aspen parkland Yellow Warblers are brighter in color and larger in bill length than those from the boreal forest. Yellow Warblers from the MacKenzie River Delta near the arctic coast terminate clines of birds with smaller bill length to the north and darker plumage in forested or coastal habitats. Statistically significant differences in color and bill and wing length among Yellow Warblers killed at a TV tower in western Minnesota conform to patterns of geographic variation and demonstrate that individuals of this species originating from perhaps as far apart as 3,220 km (2,000 mi) were migrating southward together

Geographic Variation of Yellow Warblers Killed at a Television Tower

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