Se utiliza la lógica borrosa para elaborar un modelo útil para analizar el desarrollo sostenible de proyectos.

The sustainable development is defined as “the development that satisfies needs of the present time without endangering the capacity of future generations to satisfy theirs”. The term “sustainable development” represents that balance between the satisfaction of present needs and the future ones, offering options of technological and social growth for reducing the risks meaning trends of topical increase.

The idea of sustainability can be analysed from three perspectives: environmental, social and economi

Caro Carretero, Raquel

Martín, Raúl

Salvador Alcaide, Adela

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Sustainable development using fuzzy logic

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UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID. 
SEMANA DE LA CIENCIA 2012 
CONFERENCIA 
Raúl Martín, Raquel Caro, Addela Salvador 
 rmb2000@gmail.com, rcaro@upcomillas.es, adela.salvador#upm.es 
 
 Conclussions 
INTRODUCTION 
The sustainability tool 
For this paper, the use of the XFuzzy tool is thought out, because it has a suitable 
environment. All the calculates are done with fuzzy logic. 
The application calculate the sustainability of a project. It evaluates seven factors for social 
sustainability (social inclusion, identity, participation, health and safety, environmental 
education, quality of life and population), eight for environmental sustainability (agriculture, 
environmental management, water resource, waste, air, noise and energy) and five for the 
economic (production, utility, affordability, employment, private sector). To evaluate each 
factor, the system measures its importance and magnitude. The result is the (fuzzy) merge of 
the sustainbility of each factor. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE FUZZY LOGIC AS A TOOL SECTION 
 
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT USING FUZZY LOGIC 
All things considered, this paper proposes to follow the classic methodology of projects 
evaluation to use the Fuzzy Logic and the computer systems with words by changing the 
following aspects:  
•To decide if an effect is an impact and the nature of it, which increases the firmness when it 
comes to form, to deduce and to take decisions about concepts of great subjectivity.  
•To assess the importance: The knowledge is uncertain, vague and insubstantial. That is why the 
systems of fuzzy control may assess the importance of each impact. The linguistic variables that 
define the magnitude: extension, moment, reversibility, etc., are calculated and represented in 
the interval [0, 1]. The fuzzy wholes allow working with vague concepts and with numerical and 
vague values.  
•To calculate the “best” indicators in order to measure the magnitude and to calculate its value.  
•The scales of the variables used in the calculation of the magnitude are not homogeneous, 
which distorts the results and the weight of them in the importance value for each impact. The 
functions of transformation are fuzzy sets that allow transforming the measured magnitudes from 
heterogeneous to homogeneous. There is a subjectivity grade in the selection of the 
transformation functions that depends on the expert. 
•The selection of different t-rules allows studying other possibilities to measure the value 
(qualitative and quantitative) of each impact, taking into account its standardised importance and 
its standardised magnitude.  
•To classify each impact in “compatible, moderate and critical.”  
•The functions of addition, which were studied in the Fuzzy Logic, allow obtaining the total 
impact f each alternative of a work, using the weights of the environmental factors.  
•To develop a strategy to calculate the correcting steps that must be added to the project, 
assuming the previous assessment. All these impacts, whose assessment is considered that it is 
not within the acceptable limits, must be reduced through these steps. Now, the way to do it 
could be on the contrary. Coming from the final value that it could have, the necessary measures 
must be fixed to get it, using an approximate reasoning.  
We can see through this article the interest for the society of the sustainable projects evaluation teaching, the necessity of investigating a model that allow helping to make decisions about 
certain aspects of the social, economic or environmental impacts of the project, using the Fuzzy Logic. 
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 
   
The concept of sustainability means a new philosophy of the Economy because it introduces 
the environmental compatibility to consider the economic development. 
The impacts characterization consists in the description of the identified impacts, considered 
significant or remarkable, according to an attributes series, although the consideration of an 
environment impact such as the alteration, modification or change of the environment quality 
made by a human activity is much known. This classification is subjective and the knowledge 
can be incomplete. Therefore, the problems of scale and incertitude are going to stay present 
when it comes to determining the environmental effects and impacts, which are made due to 
a specific activity, especially in the case of the secondary ones or of those that are shown in 
the medium or long term.   
  
In this paper, we are going to try to achieve an evaluation of a social, economic and 
environmental impact.  An environmental impact is identified by the effect of a simple action 
from an activity about an environmental factor. Both elements, action and factor, should 
remain explicit in the definition made of it.  
 
The identification of the indicators when it comes to 
evaluating some projects 
As the environmental impacts assessment is concerned, the use of indicators is suggested, 
whenever possible, for the quantification of the effect that has already been fixed, in order to 
make more explicit the reached size by it. If we begin with this supposition, the necessary 
actions must be developed in order to avoid or to counteract the impact, if it is negative; or in 
order to seize the opportunity of the benefit if it is a positive impact.  
The first step of this methodology consists in the identification of the physical, biologic, 
socioeconomic and cultural processes that may be affected by the suggested action. It is at this 
moment where the studies already made about the subject that inform about the “condition of 
the environment” are taken into account before the project starts. The main focusing is to unify 
the available information or to produce the necessary one within a specific area, in order to use it 
for the next phase of the impact assessment: the prediction of impacts. It is about to choose the 
effects that can really take place among the identified ones and that they deserve a special 
attention.  
The following concepts for the evaluation of the importance could be used:  
Impact: Beneficial (B), Harmful (H). 
Certitude: True (T), Probable (P). 
Size: Small (1), Medium (2), long (3). 
Reversibility: Temporal (T), Permanent (P). 
Period: Immediate (I), Medium (M), Long (L). 
Action: Yes (Y), No (N). 
 
Why a system of indicators for the sustainability? 
A system of indicators to assess if a project is sustainable or not is going to allow us:  
To make an effective monitoring about the application of plans of Economic, Social and 
Environmental Action.  
To evaluate the economic, social and environmental evolution with regard to the carried out 
actions.  
To favour the obtention of quick and effective information.  
To offer information to the citizens in an easy and instructive way.  
To determine the implication grade of the agents.  
To help to adopt political decisions with regard to the environment.  
To obtain a totalizing vision of the predominant interests in each municipality  
 
 
 
The sustainable development is defined as “the development that satisfies needs of the present 
time without endangering the capacity of future generations to satisfy theirs”. The term 
“sustainable development” represents that balance between the satisfaction of present needs 
and the future ones, offering options of technological and social growth for reducing the risks 
meaning trends of topical increase.  
The idea of sustainability can be analysed from three perspectives: environmental, social and 
economic 
Importance evaluation of the factor Atmosphere. 
(Environmental sostainability). 
Survey to get how the indicators influence in the 
factor and the system calculates the magnitude. 
Inference rules to calculate a final factor value from the magnitude 
and the importance.  The result window. It shows the sostainability in 
each sector and the global sostainbility. The result 
can be negligible, moderate, severe and critical. The sustainability software in java can be tested at 
http:/www.fdi.ucm.es/profesor/lgarmend/SC/sostenibilidad.jar 
Importance Fuzzy Set of a factor:  
P- Harmful; B- Beneficial 


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Sustainable development using fuzzy logic

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