__Abstract_



__Introduction__: Treatment options for Staphylococcus aureus infections are becoming

increasingly limited because of the extensive emergence of antimicrobial resistance

among S. aureus isolates. Consequently, novel approaches, including vaccines and

immunotherapy, are urgently needed. In order to develop such alternative strategies,

a better understanding of the human antibody response to S. aureus exposure, is

necessary. 

__Methods__: The qualitative and quantitative levels of antibodies directed to important

S. aureus cell wall-associated proteins, immune-modulating proteins and toxins were

measured in healthy individuals, children and patients suffering from diverse S.

aureus infections. A flow cytometry technique based on differentially coloured

microspheres was used (xMAP® Technology). 

__Results__: In patients as well as in healthy children and adults, the

antistaphylococcal antibody profiles showed extensive inter-individual variability.

When groups were compared and significant differences were found, the level of

antistaphylococcal antibodies was hi

Verkaik, N.J. (Nelianne)

Verkaik, Nelianne

EUR Research Repository

English

The human antibody response to Staphylococcus aureus in colonization and infection

Undetermined

__Abstract_



__Introduction__: Treatment options for Staphylococcus aureus infections are becoming

increasingly limited because of the extensive emergence of antimicrobial resistance

among S. aureus isolates. Consequently, novel approaches, including vaccines and

immunotherapy, are urgently needed. In order to develop such alternative strategies,

a better understanding of the human antibody response to S. aureus exposure, is

necessary. 

__Methods__: The qualitative and quantitative levels of antibodies directed to important

S. aureus cell wall-associated proteins, immune-modulating proteins and toxins were

measured in healthy individuals, children and patients suffering from diverse S.

aureus infections. A flow cytometry technique based on differentially coloured

microspheres was used (xMAP® Technology). 

__Results__: In patients as well as in healthy children and adults, the

antistaphylococcal antibody profiles showed extensive inter-individual variability.

When groups were compared and significant differences were found, the level of

antistaphylococcal antibodies was higher in the group that was more frequently

exposed to S. aureus (e.g. persistent carriers vs. non-carriers, colonized vs.

non-colonized children, infected patients vs. controls, adults vs. children).

However, the significant levels of S. aureus antigen-specific IgG and IgA in

persistent carriers were not sufficient to eliminate S. aureus from the nose.

Furthermore, maternally derived IgG antibodies specifically directed at

staphylococcal antigens did not protect the young infant against S. aureus nasal

colonization. In addition, despite of the significant levels of antistaphylococcal

antibodies in persistent carriers and S. aureus infected patients, the bacterium

still manages to cause infection. 

__Conclusion__:Our data do not support the concept that anti-S. aureus antibodies will

be protective. Therefore, attempts to prevent or treat colonization or infection

through passive immunization approaches are not likely to succeed

Erasmus University Digital Repository

Stellingen behorende bij het proefschrift The human anti body response to Staphylococcus aureus in colonization and infection Nelianne J. Verkaik 1. Although antistaphylococcal antibody profiles show extensive inter-individual variability, the aver-age level of antistaphylococcal antibodies is usually higher in individuals who are more frequently exposed to Stophylococcus oureus. (This thesis) 2. Attempts to prevent or treat StaphylocoCCU$ aureus colonization or infection through standardized passive immunization approaches are not likely to succeed. (This thesis) 3. The proteins jron-respon~ive surface determinant A, staphylococcal enterotoxin A and taxie shock syndrome toxin-l are slgnificantly involved in the pathogenesis of Staphyfococcus aureus bactere-mla. (Thls thesis) 4. Intermittent and non-carriers of 5taphylococcus aureus seem to belang to a single group of indi-vld ua Is, dlstlnct from persistent carriers. (Thls thesis) 5. Immune evasion c!uster-carrying bacteriophages are hlghly prevalent among human Staphylococ-cus aureus carrier lsolates, but they are not essentialln the initial stages of nasal colanization. (Thls thesis) 6. Education, antiblotk resistance surveillance and the development of guidelines for antibiotic us-age contribute to the low prevalence of antibiotic resistance in hospita Is In The Netherlands. 7. The addition of monoclonal antibodies against C10stridlum difflcile toxins 10 antibiotic agents significantly reduces the recurrence of C. difflclfe infection. (New fngland Joumal of Mediclne 2010; 362:197-205) 8. Disinfection of invlsibly contaminated hands using hand alcohol Is preferred over water and soap-based washJng. (Guideline 'Hand hyglene for staff: October 2001,Infection Prevention Working Party) 9. Although among obeseadolescents the use of gastric banding compared with lifestyle intervention results in a greater percentage achleving a loss of 50%ofexcess weight, lifestyle interventIon should remaln the first treatment optlon. (Joumal of American Medical Association 2010; 303:519,526) 10. HospitalJzed patlents would benefit from a mandatory influenza vaccination of health care workers. 11. 'Weggegooid geld~ zo noemt een Kamerlid de aanschaf van 34 miljoen vaccins tegen de Mexi-caanse griep. (De Volkskrant, 10 mei 2010) Achteraf is het altijd makkelijk praten. Rotterdam, 7 oktober 2010 

The Human Antibody Response to Staphylococcus Aureus in Colonization and Infection

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The Human Antibody Response to Staphylococcus Aureus in Colonization and Infection

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