Nastavno prethodnim radovima u kojima su opisana otrovanja pasa i mačaka čokoladom, kavom, grožđem te lukom i oraščićima makadamije u ovom radu opisana su otrovanja dodatcima hrani: zaslađivačem ksilitolom i narijevim kloridom (solju). Ustvrđeno je da u pasa, za razliku od ljudi, intravenozna primjena ksilitola prouzroči sekreciju inzulina koju prati pad razine glukoze u krvi, a i ingestija ksilitola povezana je s otkazivanjem funkcija jetre. Povraćanje je uobičajeno prvi znak otrovanja. Klinički znaci hipoglikemije, uključujući pospanost, ataksiju, kolaps i napadaje, mogu se razviti u roku od 30-60 minuta nakon ingestije, ali i kasnije. U pasa u kojih se razvila disfunkcija jetre mogu se vidjeti letargija, žutica, povraćanje, znaci koagulopatije. Moguća je i pojava proljeva i stvaranje plinova u crijevima, kao i smrtni ishod zbog zatajenja jetre. Liječenje se provodi, ovisno o kliničkim znacima otrovanja, intravenoznom primjenom dekstroze ili primjenom zaštitne terapije za jetru i antioksidanata ili je složenije. Otrovanje solju obično je izravno povezano s ograničenim pristupom vodi, a hipernatrijemija se zbog pretjeranog unosa
soli u kućnih ljubimaca rijetko događa. Akutna toksična doza natrijevog klorida u pasa je 4 g/kg tjelesne mase, a mehanizam toksičnog učinka je složen. Klinički znaci otrovanja solju u pasa postaju vidljivi kada je serumska koncentracija natrija viša od 170 mEq/L, a teški živčani simptomi kada je viša od 180 mEq/L. Prvi znaci nakon peroralnog unosa soli u organizam su povraćanje i proljev. Ovisno o dužini izloženosti i stupnju hipernatrijemije najčešće se javljaju znaci povezani sa živčanim sustavom koji uključuju: depresiju, letargiju, ukočenost mišićja, podrhtavanje, poliuriju, polidipsiju, miokloniju, pretjerano jake reflekse, terminalne napadaje i komu. Primarni cilj terapije je eliminacija viška natrija iz organizma, odnosno polagani povratak ravnoteže vode i elektrolita. Cilj rada je informirati veterinare i vlasnike životinja o potencijalno toksičnim tvarima za kućne ljubimce kako bi mogli djelovati preventivno i izbjeći rizik od otrovanja uklanjanjem tih tvari iz njihovog dosega.Following a previous study which described poisoning with chocolate, coffee, grapes, macadamia nuts, onions and garlic, this paper described poisoning in dogs with the natural sweetener xylitol and sodium chloride (salt). It has been found that in dogs, contrary to humans, intravenous administration of xylitol causes insulin secretion followed by a decrease in blood glucose levels, and ingestion of xylitol is associated with the loss of liver function. Vomiting is often reported as the first clinical sign. Clinical signs of hypoglycaemia, including lethargy, ataxia, collapse and seizures may develop within 30-60 minutes after ingestion, though also later. In dogs with liver dysfunction, lethargy, jaundice, vomiting, signs of coagulopathy can be seen. Diarrhoea and intestinal gas production can also occur, and liver failure may potentially cause a deadly outcome. Treatment is performed by intravenous administration of dextrose or by using protective therapy for the liver and antioxidants or may be more complex, depending on the clinical signs of poisoning. Salt poisoning is usually directly related to restricted access by water and hypernatremia
as excessive salt intake rarely occurs in pets. The acute toxic dose of sodium chloride in dogs is 4 g/kg of body weight, and the mechanism of the toxic effect is complex. Clinical signs of salt poisoning in dogs become apparent when the serum sodium concentration is higher than 170 mEq/L, and severe neural symptoms occur at levels greater than 180 mEq/L. The first signs after the oral intake of salt into the body are vomiting and diarrhoea. Depending on the length of exposure and the degree of hypernatremia, signs of nerve- related disorders include: depression, lethargy, muscular rigidity, tremors, polyuria, polydipsia, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, terminal seizures and coma. Elimination of excess sodium from the body is the primary goal of therapy, i.e. a slow return the animal to normal water and electrolyte balance. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness about potentially toxic substances for pets among veterinarians and animal owners, so they can act preventively by avoiding their storage in places accessible to pets
