This study related to preparation of UV curable epoxy nanoclay nanocomposite and investigation on
mechanical and thermal properties of their thin films. For achieving this UV-curable epoxy dimethacrylate
was synthesized by epoxy resin (EPIKOTE 828), methacrylic acid, triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as catalyst
and para-methoxy phenol (PMP) as inhibitor at 80 ºC for 2 hours (yield 99%). Formulation of UV curable
resin was achieved by 5% w/w benzophenone and N, N dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The resin was
reinforced by using 1-5% w/w modified nanoclay in total formulation. Synthesized resin was characterized
by FTIR spectroscopy and thermal behaviors of nanocomposites were evaluated by TGA and DSC analysis.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3521

Najafi, F.

Shirkavand Hadavand, B.

Electronic Sumy State University Institutional Repository

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE  NANOMATERIALS: APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES Vol. 2 No 1, 01NTF32(3pp) (2013)   2304-1862/2013/2(1)01NTF32(3) 01NTF32-1  2013 Sumy State University Thermal Behavior of Nanoclay Reinforced Ultraviolet Curable Epoxy Acrylate  B. Shirkavand Hadavand*, F. Najafi†  Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran  (Received 10 June 2013; published online 02 September 2013)  This study related to preparation of UV curable epoxy nanoclay nanocomposite and investigation on mechanical and thermal properties of their thin films. For achieving this UV-curable epoxy dimethacrylate was synthesized by epoxy resin (EPIKOTE 828), methacrylic acid, triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as catalyst and para-methoxy phenol (PMP) as inhibitor at 80 ºC for 2 hours (yield 99%). Formulation of UV curable resin was achieved by 5% w/w benzophenone and N, N dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The resin was reinforced by using 1-5% w/w modified nanoclay in total formulation. Synthesized resin was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and thermal behaviors of nanocomposites were evaluated by TGA and DSC analysis.   Keywords: Nanoclay, Epoxy acrylate, Thermal behavior, UV cure.   PACS number: 82.35.Np                                                           * shirkavand@icrc.ac.ir † najafi@icrc.ac.ir 1. INTRODACTION  UV-curable coating applications have gained wide interests, due to their advantages such as lower energy consumption, less environmental pollution, lower pro-cess costs, high chemical stability and very rapid cur-ing even at ambient temperatures [1–3]. UV-curable coatings are continually being developed by many lead-ing suppliers in an effort to reduce any detrimental effects to the environment and to meet high standards required by industry [4]  The bisphenol-A type epoxy diacrylates are a class of the most important and extensively used acrylate resins in UV-curing systems due to their high reactiv-ity, low price and superior properties after UV-cured, for instance, high stiffness and strength, excellent solvent resistance, and so on [5]. Epoxy acrylate resin is popular due to its rapid cure, solvent-free charac-teristics, application versatility, low energy require-ments, and low temperature operation [6–8]. Howev-er, it is so combustible that its application is nar-rowed. A  number  of  methods  have been  used to improve the thermal propreties of epoxy acrylate [9–12]. Nanotechnology provides improvements in the properties of epoxy adhesives. The enhanced mechani-cal and thermal properties of nanoclay/polymer nano-composites with a relatively light weight compared with conventional polymer-based composites have at-tracted the focus of researchers in the last decade. Small amount of nanoclays, typically in the range of 3–5 wt % [13, 14] is enough for the enormous improve-ments in the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites. Investigations on the product devel-opments of the nanoclay polymer nanocomposites have began explosively in major manufacturing industries in the world [15–17]. In this study, UV curable film with various per-centage of nano clay were prepared and polymerized by UV irradiation. Their curing behaviors were character-ized using DSC and FTIR spectroscopy. 2. EXPERIMENTAL  2.1 Materials  Epoxy resin (Epikote 828) procured from Mo-mentive Company and methacrylic acid, tri-phenylphosphine (PPh3), para-methoxy phenol (PMP), benzophenone and Triethanolamine procured from Merck Company. trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) procured from Aldrich Company. Nanoclay procured from Southern Clay Products, Inc. The pro-prieties of nanoclay are shown in Table 1. All chemicals were used without any purification.  Table 1 – Nanoclay properties.    2.2 Synthesis of epoxy acrylate oligomer  The polymerization was performed in a round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermome-ter, and a reflux condenser under nitrogen atmosphere. The epoxy acrylate oliglmer was synthesized by the reaction of epoxy resin (1 mol) and methacrylic acid (2 mol), 1% by weight triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as cata-lyst and 0.2% by weight para-methoxy phenol (PMP) as inhibitor. The reaction was performed at 80°C under a dry nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h (Fig. 1).   OCH3CH3OOCH2CH3HOO2OCH3CH3OHOHOCH2H3COOOOH2CCH3+PPh3, PMPO80oC, 2h Fig. 1 – Preparation of UV curable epoxy-acrylate resin.   B. Shirkavand Hadavand, F. Najafi PROC. NAP 2, 01NTF32 (2013)   01NTF32-2 2.3 Preparation of UV-curable coating  Formulations of UV-curable coating consisting of ol-igomer, monomer, photoinitiator and nanoclay were prepared (Table 2). In each formulation the chemicals were mixed in a round-bottom tube equipped with a homogenizer, a thermometer, and a condenser under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 1.5 h. For further characterization of the coatings, the UV-cured films, with the thickness of about 90, were pre-pared by coating the formulated mixtures on a metal and glass sheet and irradiating under ultraviolet light source.   2.4 Characterization  FT-IR spectra were recorded on FT-IR spectrome-ter, Perkin Elmer Spectra 1, in the region of 450-4000–cm−1. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Perkin Elmer Pyris Diamond 7, were performed under ni-trogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10°C/min from room temperature to 400°C. Thermal gravimetric anal-ysis was carried out at a heating rate of 10°C /min from 30 to 450°C under nitrogen atmosphere..  Table 2 - Formulation used to prepare UV-cured coating.    3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  The epoxy acrylate oligomer obtained was charac-terized by FT-IR. Figure 2 shows the FT-IR spectrum of the epoxy acrylate oligomer. The absorption bands at 1727 and 828 cm-1 relate to –C=O stretching and C=C twisting of acrylate indicate the stracture of synthe-sized oligomer.    Fig. 2 – FT-IR spectra of synthesized epoxy acrylate oligomer.  In Figure 3 the curing of epoxy acrylate oligomer was shown in different curing times (7-400 seconds). As shown in this Figure the C=C stretching vibration of methacrylate in 1635 cm-1 and CH2 asymmetric bend-ing of methacrylate in 1420 cm-1 are disappearing that means the UV curing process are done.    Fig. 3 – FT-IR spectra of curing epoxy acrylate oligomer in 7-400 seconds.  3.1 Thermal properties  The change in the heat capacity and the glass tran-sition temperatures (Tg) were measured using the DSC technique for epoxy acrylate with and without nanoclay addition. In Figure 4 representative DSC curves of pure epoxy acrylate and 1 and 3 wt% filled nanoclay after the crosslinking process are represented. The thermal  stability of  the crosslinked polymer plays an important  role  and  is  greatly  influenced by the structure, chemical composition, kind and concen-tration of remaining polar groups, molecular chain rigidity and other chemical structural factors [18, 19]. The first stage of decomposition located between 100 and 200 ºC, was due to the trapped volatile materials were released.     Fig. 4 – DSC thermogram of UV cured coating based on epoxy acrylate and nanoclay.  The main decomposition of the crosslinked poly-mer takes place in the second stage of degradation, at about the temperature 320 ºC. The third stage of de-4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 450.047.0485052545658606264666870727475.5cm-1%T 3444.943036.692928.362068.371727.921610.541582.431512.491463.351385.501179.671043.76828.88764.34705.77639.10562.85 THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF NANOCLAY REINFORCED ULTRAVIOLET CURABLE… PROC. NAP 2, 01NTF32 (2013)   01NTF32-3 composition was due to the decomposition of aromatic structure at the temperatures higher than 470 ºC. The temperatures above 450°C indicated the complete decrosslinking and thermal degradation of the cured films (Figure 5).    Fig. 5 – TGA and DTG thermogram of UV cured coating based on epoxy acrylate and nanoclay.  3.2 Morphology  In Figure 6, SEM image of fractured samples 2 w/w% nanoclay dispersing by hemogenizer and cured by ultraviolet irradiation is shown. It is obvious that nanoclay were dispersed in a good form.    Fig. 6 – dispersion status of 2% wt. nano clay in polymeric matrix.  4. CONCLUSIONS  The epoxy acrylate oligomer was synthesized suc-cessfully and FTIR spectra indicated the stracture of the resin. Then, the nanocomposite were prepared with epoxy acrylate resin and different percentage of nanoclay and dispersed by homogenizer. The SEM image indicates acceptable dispersion of nanoclay in polymeric matrix. The thermal stability of the epoxy acrylate resin increases with the higher content of nanoclay. This type of UV cured coatings may be rec-ommended for their applications where thermal stabil-ity is the main concern.   REFERENCES  1. T. Y. Inan, E. Ekinci, A. Kuyulu, A. Gungor, Polym. Bull., 47, 437 (2002). 2. S. P. Pappas, UV Curing: Science and Technology, (Tech-nology Marketing Corporation, Stanford, USA, 1978). 3. N. A. Kayaman, R. Demirci, M. C¸ akır, A. Gungor, Radi-at. Phys. Chem., 73, 254 (2000). 4. UV-Curable Coatings—Generic Testing and Quality As-surance Protocol, Prepared by National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence (NDCEE),( Operated by Con-current Technologies Corporation March 24, 1998). 5. J. B. Donnet, Compos. Sci. Tech., 63, 1085 (2003). 6. J. H. Lee, R. K. Prud Homme, I. A. Aksay, J. Mater. Res., 16, 3536 (2001). 7. A. Fieberg, O. Reis, Prog. Org. Coat., 2002, 45, 239. 8. F. M. Uhl, S. P. Davuluri, S. C. Wong, D. C. Webster, Polymer, 45, 6175 (2004). 9. S. Y. Lu, I. Hamerton, Prog. Polym. Sci., 27, 1661 (2002). 10. H. B. Chen, Y. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. B. Shao, Y. Liu, Y. Z. Wang, Indust. Eng. Chem. Res., 49, 7052 (2010). 11. X. L. Chen, Y. Hu, C. M. Jiao, L. Song, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 92, 1141 (2007). 12. X. L. Chen, Y. Hu, L. Song, W. Y. Xing, Polym. Adv.Tech., 19, 393 (2008). 13. Y. Ke, C. Long, Z. Qi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 71, 1139 (1999). 14. M. Song, D. J. Hourston, K. J. Yao, J. K. H. Tay, M. A. Ansarifar, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 90, 3239 (2003). 15. C. Chen, D. Curliss, Nanotechnology, 14, 643 (2003). 16. E. Sancaktar, J. Kuznicki, Inte. J. Adhesion and Adhe-sives, 31, 286 (2011). 17. A. Jumahat, C. Soutis, J. Mahmud, N. Ahmad, Procedia Engineering, 41, 1607 (2012). 18. D. K. Chattopadhyay, D. B. Rohini Kumar, B. Sreedhar, K.V.S.N. Raju, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91, 27 (2004). 19. D. Rosu, C. N. Cascavaf, C. Ciobanu, L. Rosu, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 72, 191 (2004).  Temp Cel500.0450.0400.0350.0300.0250.0200.0150.0100.050.0DTA uV150.0100.050.00.0-50.0-100.0TG mg2.2002.0001.8001.6001.4001.2001.0000.8000.6000.4000.2000.000DTG ug/min200.0180.0160.0140.0120.0100.080.060.040.020.00.0

Thermal Behavior of Nanoclay Reinforced Ultraviolet Curable Epoxy Acrylate

SocioEconomic Challenges Journal (Sumy State University)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE  
NANOMATERIALS: APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES 
Vol. 2 No 1, 01NTF32(3pp) (2013) 
 
 
2304-1862/2013/2(1)01NTF32(3) 01NTF32-1  2013 Sumy State University 
Thermal Behavior of Nanoclay Reinforced Ultraviolet Curable Epoxy Acrylate 
 
B. Shirkavand Hadavand*, F. Najafi† 
 
Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran 
 
(Received 10 June 2013; published online 02 September 2013) 
 
This study related to preparation of UV curable epoxy nanoclay nanocomposite and investigation on 
mechanical and thermal properties of their thin films. For achieving this UV-curable epoxy dimethacrylate 
was synthesized by epoxy resin (EPIKOTE 828), methacrylic acid, triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as catalyst 
and para-methoxy phenol (PMP) as inhibitor at 80 ºC for 2 hours (yield 99%). Formulation of UV curable 
resin was achieved by 5% w/w benzophenone and N, N dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The resin was 
reinforced by using 1-5% w/w modified nanoclay in total formulation. Synthesized resin was characterized 
by FTIR spectroscopy and thermal behaviors of nanocomposites were evaluated by TGA and DSC analysis.  
 
Keywords: Nanoclay, Epoxy acrylate, Thermal behavior, UV cure. 
 
 PACS number: 82.35.Np 
 
 
                                                        
* shirkavand@icrc.ac.ir 
† najafi@icrc.ac.ir 
1. INTRODACTION 
 
UV-curable coating applications have gained wide 
interests, due to their advantages such as lower energy 
consumption, less environmental pollution, lower pro-
cess costs, high chemical stability and very rapid cur-
ing even at ambient temperatures [1–3]. UV-curable 
coatings are continually being developed by many lead-
ing suppliers in an effort to reduce any detrimental 
effects to the environment and to meet high standards 
required by industry [4]  
The bisphenol-A type epoxy diacrylates are a class 
of the most important and extensively used acrylate 
resins in UV-curing systems due to their high reactiv-
ity, low price and superior properties after UV-cured, 
for instance, high stiffness and strength, excellent 
solvent resistance, and so on [5]. Epoxy acrylate resin 
is popular due to its rapid cure, solvent-free charac-
teristics, application versatility, low energy require-
ments, and low temperature operation [6–8]. Howev-
er, it is so combustible that its application is nar-
rowed. A  number  of  methods  have been  used to 
improve the thermal propreties of epoxy acrylate [9–
12]. 
Nanotechnology provides improvements in the 
properties of epoxy adhesives. The enhanced mechani-
cal and thermal properties of nanoclay/polymer nano-
composites with a relatively light weight compared 
with conventional polymer-based composites have at-
tracted the focus of researchers in the last decade. 
Small amount of nanoclays, typically in the range of 3–
5 wt % [13, 14] is enough for the enormous improve-
ments in the mechanical and thermal properties of the 
nanocomposites. Investigations on the product devel-
opments of the nanoclay polymer nanocomposites have 
began explosively in major manufacturing industries in 
the world [15–17]. 
In this study, UV curable film with various per-
centage of nano clay were prepared and polymerized by 
UV irradiation. Their curing behaviors were character-
ized using DSC and FTIR spectroscopy. 
2. EXPERIMENTAL 
 
2.1 Materials 
 
Epoxy resin (Epikote 828) procured from Mo-
mentive Company and methacrylic acid, tri-
phenylphosphine (PPh3), para-methoxy phenol (PMP), 
benzophenone and Triethanolamine procured from 
Merck Company. trimethylol propane triacrylate 
(TMPTA) procured from Aldrich Company. Nanoclay 
procured from Southern Clay Products, Inc. The pro-
prieties of nanoclay are shown in Table 1. All chemicals 
were used without any purification. 
 
Table 1 – Nanoclay properties. 
 
 
 
2.2 Synthesis of epoxy acrylate oligomer 
 
The polymerization was performed in a round-bottom 
flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermome-
ter, and a reflux condenser under nitrogen atmosphere. 
The epoxy acrylate oliglmer was synthesized by the 
reaction of epoxy resin (1 mol) and methacrylic acid (2 
mol), 1% by weight triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as cata-
lyst and 0.2% by weight para-methoxy phenol (PMP) as 
inhibitor. The reaction was performed at 80°C under a 
dry nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h (Fig. 1).  
 
O
CH3
CH3
O
O
CH2
CH3HO
O
2
O
CH3
CH3
OH
O
HO
CH2
H3C
O
O
O
O
H2C
CH3
+
PPh3, PMPO
80oC, 2h
 
Fig. 1 – Preparation of UV curable epoxy-acrylate resin. 
 
 B. Shirkavand Hadavand, F. Najafi PROC. NAP 2, 01NTF32 (2013) 
 
 
01NTF32-2 
2.3 Preparation of UV-curable coating 
 
Formulations of UV-curable coating consisting of ol-
igomer, monomer, photoinitiator and nanoclay were 
prepared (Table 2). In each formulation the chemicals 
were mixed in a round-bottom tube equipped with a 
homogenizer, a thermometer, and a condenser under 
nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 1.5 h. 
For further characterization of the coatings, the UV-
cured films, with the thickness of about 90, were pre-
pared by coating the formulated mixtures on a metal 
and glass sheet and irradiating under ultraviolet light 
source.  
 
2.4 Characterization 
 
FT-IR spectra were recorded on FT-IR spectrome-
ter, Perkin Elmer Spectra 1, in the region of 450-4000–
cm−1. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Perkin 
Elmer Pyris Diamond 7, were performed under ni-
trogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10°C/min from 
room temperature to 400°C. Thermal gravimetric anal-
ysis was carried out at a heating rate of 10°C /min from 
30 to 450°C under nitrogen atmosphere.. 
 
Table 2 - Formulation used to prepare UV-cured coating. 
 
 
 
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
 
The epoxy acrylate oligomer obtained was charac-
terized by FT-IR. Figure 2 shows the FT-IR spectrum of 
the epoxy acrylate oligomer. The absorption bands at 
1727 and 828 cm-1 relate to –C=O stretching and C=C 
twisting of acrylate indicate the stracture of synthe-
sized oligomer. 
 
 
 
Fig. 2 – FT-IR spectra of synthesized epoxy acrylate oligomer. 
 
In Figure 3 the curing of epoxy acrylate oligomer 
was shown in different curing times (7-400 seconds). As 
shown in this Figure the C=C stretching vibration of 
methacrylate in 1635 cm-1 and CH2 asymmetric bend-
ing of methacrylate in 1420 cm-1 are disappearing that 
means the UV curing process are done. 
 
 
 
Fig. 3 – FT-IR spectra of curing epoxy acrylate oligomer in 7-
400 seconds. 
 
3.1 Thermal properties 
 
The change in the heat capacity and the glass tran-
sition temperatures (Tg) were measured using the DSC 
technique for epoxy acrylate with and without nanoclay 
addition. In Figure 4 representative DSC curves of 
pure epoxy acrylate and 1 and 3 wt% filled nanoclay 
after the crosslinking process are represented. 
The thermal  stability of  the crosslinked polymer 
plays an important  role  and  is  greatly  influenced by 
the structure, chemical composition, kind and concen-
tration of remaining polar groups, molecular chain 
rigidity and other chemical structural factors [18, 19]. 
The first stage of decomposition located between 100 
and 200 ºC, was due to the trapped volatile materials 
were released.  
 
 
 
Fig. 4 – DSC thermogram of UV cured coating based on epoxy 
acrylate and nanoclay. 
 
The main decomposition of the crosslinked poly-
mer takes place in the second stage of degradation, at 
about the temperature 320 ºC. The third stage of de-
4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 450.0
47.0
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
75.5
cm-1
%T 
3444.94
3036.69
2928.36
2068.37
1727.92
1610.54
1582.43
1512.49
1463.35
1385.50
1179.67
1043.76
828.88
764.34
705.77
639.10
562.85
 THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF NANOCLAY REINFORCED ULTRAVIOLET CURABLE… PROC. NAP 2, 01NTF32 (2013) 
 
 
01NTF32-3 
composition was due to the decomposition of aromatic 
structure at the temperatures higher than 470 ºC. The 
temperatures above 450°C indicated the complete 
decrosslinking and thermal degradation of the cured 
films (Figure 5). 
 
 
 
Fig. 5 – TGA and DTG thermogram of UV cured coating based 
on epoxy acrylate and nanoclay. 
 
3.2 Morphology 
 
In Figure 6, SEM image of fractured samples 2 
w/w% nanoclay dispersing by hemogenizer and cured 
by ultraviolet irradiation is shown. It is obvious that 
nanoclay were dispersed in a good form. 
 
 
 
Fig. 6 – dispersion status of 2% wt. nano clay in polymeric 
matrix. 
 
4. CONCLUSIONS 
 
The epoxy acrylate oligomer was synthesized suc-
cessfully and FTIR spectra indicated the stracture of 
the resin. Then, the nanocomposite were prepared with 
epoxy acrylate resin and different percentage of 
nanoclay and dispersed by homogenizer. The SEM 
image indicates acceptable dispersion of nanoclay in 
polymeric matrix. The thermal stability of the epoxy 
acrylate resin increases with the higher content of 
nanoclay. This type of UV cured coatings may be rec-
ommended for their applications where thermal stabil-
ity is the main concern. 
 
 
REFERENCES 
 
1. T. Y. Inan, E. Ekinci, A. Kuyulu, A. Gungor, Polym. Bull., 
47, 437 (2002). 
2. S. P. Pappas, UV Curing: Science and Technology, (Tech-
nology Marketing Corporation, Stanford, USA, 1978). 
3. N. A. Kayaman, R. Demirci, M. C¸ akır, A. Gungor, Radi-
at. Phys. Chem., 73, 254 (2000). 
4. UV-Curable Coatings—Generic Testing and Quality As-
surance Protocol, Prepared by National Defense Center for 
Environmental Excellence (NDCEE),( Operated by Con-
current Technologies Corporation March 24, 1998). 
5. J. B. Donnet, Compos. Sci. Tech., 63, 1085 (2003). 
6. J. H. Lee, R. K. Prud Homme, I. A. Aksay, J. Mater. Res., 
16, 3536 (2001). 
7. A. Fieberg, O. Reis, Prog. Org. Coat., 2002, 45, 239. 
8. F. M. Uhl, S. P. Davuluri, S. C. Wong, D. C. Webster, 
Polymer, 45, 6175 (2004). 
9. S. Y. Lu, I. Hamerton, Prog. Polym. Sci., 27, 1661 (2002). 
10. H. B. Chen, Y. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. B. Shao, Y. Liu, Y. Z. 
Wang, Indust. Eng. Chem. Res., 49, 7052 (2010). 
11. X. L. Chen, Y. Hu, C. M. Jiao, L. Song, Polym. Degrad. 
Stabil., 92, 1141 (2007). 
12. X. L. Chen, Y. Hu, L. Song, W. Y. Xing, Polym. Adv.Tech., 
19, 393 (2008). 
13. Y. Ke, C. Long, Z. Qi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 71, 1139 (1999). 
14. M. Song, D. J. Hourston, K. J. Yao, J. K. H. Tay, M. A. 
Ansarifar, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 90, 3239 (2003). 
15. C. Chen, D. Curliss, Nanotechnology, 14, 643 (2003). 
16. E. Sancaktar, J. Kuznicki, Inte. J. Adhesion and Adhe-
sives, 31, 286 (2011). 
17. A. Jumahat, C. Soutis, J. Mahmud, N. Ahmad, Procedia 
Engineering, 41, 1607 (2012). 
18. D. K. Chattopadhyay, D. B. Rohini Kumar, B. Sreedhar, 
K.V.S.N. Raju, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91, 27 (2004). 
19. D. Rosu, C. N. Cascavaf, C. Ciobanu, L. Rosu, J. Anal. 
Appl. Pyrolysis, 72, 191 (2004). 
 
Temp Cel
500.0450.0400.0350.0300.0250.0200.0150.0100.050.0
D
T
A
 u
V
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
-50.0
-100.0
T
G
 m
g
2.200
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
D
T
G
 u
g
/m
in
200.0
180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0


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Thermal Behavior of Nanoclay Reinforced Ultraviolet Curable Epoxy Acrylate

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SocioEconomic Challenges Journal (Sumy State University)