These data underlie the analyses presented in the article "Linking inter-annual variation in environment, phenology, and abundance for a montane butterfly community." by James E. Stewart, Javier Gutiérrez Illán, Shane A. Richards, David Gutiérrez and Robert J. Wilson, published in Ecology (2019); DOI:10.1002/ecy.2906. R code for running the models are available at the publisher website; the R code uses the data in the form presented here. The file "SiteData.csv" details the elevation of each site above sea level in kilometres. Each site is numbered 1:20, and associated with a unique transect name. The 10 other .csv files ("[species]_counts.csv") contain the count data, collected as per our Methods section, for each of 10 species. The first three columns indicate the Transect name, Site number and Year to which each of the subsequent columns refer. For each Site-Year combination, Columns 4:16 (DoY1:DoY13) indicate the Day of the Year on which the count data (N1:N13, Columns 16:29) were collected. Please contact the corresponding author if you encounter any problems with these data or the associated R code.The article associated with this dataset is located in ORE at: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/40480This is the dataset used for the Stewart et al. (2019) article "Linking inter-annual variation in environment, phenology, and abundance for a montane butterfly community" published in Ecology.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)Spanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessSpanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessSpanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivenes